What principle or idea is the speaker trying to convince his son to accept in the poem "If" by Rudyard Kipling?

The speaker is trying to convince his son that being a man means leading a life of integrity and having depth of character. Many of the admonishments the speaker presents are based on a Judeo-Christian moral code. For example, being patient, not dealing in lies, not hating those who hate you, not being vain or arrogant ("don't look too good, nor talk too wise), not complaining ("never breathe a word about your loss"), being industrious ("fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run"), and keeping your virtue are all qualities that religious people would agree are important for a man to have.

Other pieces of advice the father gives have to do with being strong in the face of hardship and overcoming adversity with grace. Keeping your head, trusting yourself, using dreams to motivate but not distract you, not becoming discouraged when things don't go your way or when people betray you, being able to take risks, and having good relationships with people are all behaviors a person develops by having a wide variety of experiences—including both successes and failures—and responding properly to them. The father's lesson that he wants his son to learn is that manhood is not achieved at a certain age; rather, it is attained after someone has developed a track record of acting with integrity and building strong character in the face of the vicissitudes of life.

At the end of Chapter Six, Nick describes Gatsby kissing Daisy in Louisville five years before. What is Gatsby giving up when he kisses Daisy?

At the end of Chapter 6, Fitzgerald writes, "He [Gatsby] knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God."  For Gatsby, kissing Daisy is like marrying her; he is vowing to forever pine for her and live for her from that day on.  Chapter 8 also gives a sense of this vow when Fitzgerald writes, "He [Gatsby] felt married to her..."  This vow would explain why Gatsby pursues Daisy relentlessly throughout the book; however, unfortunately for Gatsby, Daisy does not feel the same way for Gatsby that he feels for her.  For Daisy, "She wanted her life shaped now, immediately--and the decision must be made by some force--of love, of money, of unquestionable practicality--that was close at hand" (Ch. 8).  When Gatsby left for WWI, Daisy was left alone, so when Tom Buchanan showed up, she had that force she was looking for, thus she settled for Tom. 

How did Elie Wiesel use night as a symbol of what was happening to the Jewish people?

There are several ways that Elie Wiesel used the concept of "the night" in his book.  First, night has often been seen as a symbol of death in literature.  One thinks of Dylan Thomas's "Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night."  Thus, night can be a symbol of death, an appropriate symbol for a book that featured multiple (and often graphic) deaths.

For children, night can also be seen as a time when shadows appear and when monsters are lurking.  Again, the symbolism is appropriate with regard to what is happening in the book.  Elie, a child himself, is facing the monsters of Dr. Mengele, the SS officers, etc.  Thus, like a long and fearful night for a child, Elie is left to deal with monsters all his own.

Finally, the night can seem a long stretch, particularly for those unable to sleep.  The concept of night as a long stretch is seen directly in Night, as when Wiesel writes in Chapter 3, "Never shall I forget that night, the first night in camp, which has turned my life into one long night ..." Thus, the night comes to symbolize several aspects of the story.

Why does the film "The Phantom of the Opera" start in black and white?

Beginning the movie with a black and white picture is an aesthetic ploy to create a feeling of nostalgia in spite of the beginning of the movie being only the end of the story. Some years have elapsed between the time of the phantom of the opera and its ensuing auction. For a first time audience, they will be curious to know the events which have led up to this auction. In a sense, viewers are given a cue when the actual story begins; that is, when the picture fades from its grayscale to full color. Such a drastic change in picture also induces a sort of excitement in the audience and helps to depict the opera as a lively, energetic, and colorful venue. When the picture once more returns to black and white, viewers, too, feel a sort of nostalgia and sadness for the events that occurred and the sad demise of the opera house.

While doing a chin up, in the pulling up phase, what are the prime movers in the elbow and radioulnar joint?

When doing a chin up (in the phase where the individual is moving up toward the bar), the individual's elbows and wrists flex--assuming a reverse grip on the bar.  Flexion occurs when the angle between the bones of a joint decreases.  If you bend your arm at your elbow, you are flexing your elbow.  If you bend your wrist so that your palm gets closer to your forearm, you are flexing your wrist.

In order to perform these particular muscle actions, several muscles must be employed: prime movers (a.k.a. agonists), which are responsible for the majority of the work associated with the action; antagonists, which perform the actions opposite to the agonists by relaxing when the agonists contract; synergists, which aid the agonists with the action being performed; and fixators, which stabilize nearby joints preventing movement in them.

Your question specifically asks about the prime movers or agonists.  The main muscle involved in flexion of the elbow is the biceps brachii muscle.  The brachialis and brachioradialis would be synergists.  The flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus are prime movers when flexing the wrist.  Flexing of the wrist is more subtle than the flexing of the elbow.  

The radioulnar joint has a fixed position during this exercise and thus stabilizing muscles are active.

What was the Presidential Election Campaign Fund, created in 1971, intended to provide?

The Presidential Election Campaign Fund was established to provide public funding for presidential campaigns, which are, as is well known, very expensive. Basically, taxpayers can decide to order that a few dollars be placed in a fund to be distributed to potential candidates. The Federal Election Commission determines which candidates are eligible to receive funding. The purpose of the fund was to keep candidates from turning to wealthy private donors, who might exercise an undue and corrupt influence on elections. The problem, however, is that those candidates that receive money from the fund do so in return for a pledge to limit their spending on their campaigns. In recent years, changes in laws and Supreme Court decisions have made it possible for candidates to legally raise far more money through private donors than they could through the Campaign Fund. So in the last election, both Barack Obama and Mitt Romney refused all public funds. Most Americans, in fact, choose not to contribute to the fund on their tax returns.

Question: Molly has to start saving her money in a savings account. She puts £25 into the account each month for 12 months. The annual interest at...

Since the annual interest is 1.6% and you want to calculate a balance every month first you need to know the interest rate each month.  This would be:

each month

Initial deposit: £25

1st month:  £25 • (0.1333%) =

2nd month: £25.033325 + £25 = £50.033325 • (1.00133) = £50.09986

3rd month: £50.09986 + £25 = £75.09986 • (1.00133) = £75.199752

4th month: £100.199752 • (1.00133) = £100.3330178

5th month: £125.3330178 • (1.00133) = £125.4997

6th month: £150.4997 • (1.00133) = £150.699875

7th month: £175.699875 • (1.00133) = £175.933556

8th month: £200.933556 • (1.00133) = £201.20079

9th month: £226.20079 • (1.00133) = £226.5016

10th month: £251.5016 • (1.00133) = £251.83614

11th month: £276.83614 • (1.0013) = £277.20433

12th month: £302.20433 • (1.00133) = £302.606

What is a balanced chemical equation?

A balanced chemical equation is one in which the number of atoms of each element and the total charge (positive and negative) is same on both the reactant and product side. For example, the following chemical equation is not balanced:

since, there are 2 atoms each of hydrogen and oxygen on the reactant side, while the product side contains 2 atoms of hydrogen and only 1 atom of oxygen. Hence this chemical equation is not balanced in terms of oxygen and needs to be balanced. The balanced chemical equation, in this case, is:

Now, the equation has equal number of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen on both sides of the reaction. In general, to balance an equation, we start with element at a time and balance its atoms on both sides and then move to the next element and so on.

Hope this helps. 

I'm a history student, currently writing a long paper about Treaty of Neuilly and having trouble finding books about it. In our country I could...

When searching on the internet for historical sources, it is important to make sure that you are using the correct search terms.  When using a search engine, you can put your search term in quotations.  For example, you can search for "Treaty of Neuilly."  This will eliminate search results for other treaties from appearing.  When I searched for the treaty in question, I found that it was most commonly called the Treaty of Neuilly-Sur-Seine.  You might have greater success if you try searching for that entire treaty name in quotations.  When deciding what websites to use as sources, look for .gov and .edu websites.  Governments in the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries have historical pages with useful information.  Websites ending in .edu are typically run by universities, which may also have useful information.  Below you will find three links.  The first one is a British historical website.  The other two are university websites, one which includes the primary source (the treaty itself).

What is informative literature?

Informative literature is based in fact, and its purpose is to teach or explain. It is one form of nonfiction literature. Informative literature can take many forms such as textbooks, brochures, educational papers, charts, instructional websites, advertisements, historical documents, and there are many more examples. When reading informative test, the reader is looking for information about a specific subject, person, or idea. Text features often include labels and page headings. Reading the nutritional data on the label of a food item and reading about the effects of global warming written by an expert are examples of informative. Informative text is not written for the purpose of entertainment although many readers enjoy reading facts about their favorite animal, national park, historical event or an upcoming political debate. The opposite of informative literature would be imaginative literature. Imaginative literature includes novels, plays, and poetry which play into the emotions and feelings of the reader.

Are we the pre-moderns to which Mond refers in Brave New World?

We are the pre-moderns, living in the time of Henry Ford.

The community we see in the novel is considered modern because they have complete control of the population.  Everything is on an assembly line, including people.  When the world of the pre-moderns is described, it sounds pretty much like ours.

Mother, monogamy, romance. High spurts the fountain; fierce and foamy the wild jet. The urge has but a single outlet. My love, my baby.  No wonder these poor pre-moderns were mad and wicked and miserable. (Ch. 3)

The biggest clue that we are talking about the same populace is the reference to Henry Ford, who invented the assembly line.  The moderns worship Henry Ford and industrialism just as we worship God.  They revere Ford, and have incorporated him into their date system and religious imagery.

"The case of Little Reuben occurred only twenty-three years after Our Ford's first T-Model was put on the market." (Here the Director made a sign of the T on his stomach and all the students reverently followed suit.) (Ch. 2)

We are considered pre-moderns because we still have babies the old-fashioned way, through birthmothers instead of cloning.  The concept of the assembly line society has not yet taken us over.  In the modern age, there is no such thing as love—only sex.  People live off of drugs and partying.

Huxley’s message is clear.  People are happy in this modern society because they are kept numb.  They are drugged and able to seek pleasure wherever they want.  Everything is about control.  The caste system keeps them in line, and the multiple outlets for pleasure keep them happy and unintellectual.  They never question the ways things are.  Anything remotely unpleasant has been removed from their society.  Our way of life, with love and mothers looking after their children, is actually considered blasphemy by these "modern" people.

Explain Mary Shelly's purpose in beginning Frankenstein with a letter. Why do you think she uses this strategy to frame the novel? Do you think it...

Mary Shelly had varied reasons to include letters at the beginning of Frankenstein. The author brought Walton into focus in order to provide an appropriate ending for the story. Walton as a character was important in telling the monster’s story after Victor’s death.

“And do you dream?” said the daemon; “do you think that I was then dead to agony and remorse?—He,” he continued, pointing to the corpse, “he suffered not in the consummation of the deed—Oh! not the ten-thousandth portion of the anguish that was mine during the lingering detail of its execution. A frightful selfishness hurried me on, while my heart was poisoned with remorse. Think you that the groans of Clerval were music to my ears?" –Monster to Walton

The letters in the beginning are also in keeping with the storytelling tradition from which the novel was developed.  Walton writes letters to his sister about his adventures, which include the contact with Victor and his story. The letters told the story to his sister, and they were meant to have the same effect on the reader. As a reader, one is not only reading but listening to the story as told by the character.

The letters also draw parallels between Walton and Victor’s life pursuits. Walton went on a voyage in uncharted parts of the North Pole in his attempt at discovery and exploration. He exposed his crew and himself to grave risks in the pursuit. On the other hand, Victor created a monster in an attempt to play God. Like Walton, Victor does not think of the consequences and is only focused on the results.

Destiny was too potent, and her immutable laws had decreed my utter and terrible destruction. - Victor

Walton learned from Victor’s mistakes in pursuing the unnatural path and stopped his voyage. This also shaped the letters and the story to follow as a cautionary tale to warn readers of the dangers of pursuing the unnatural path.

The die is cast; I have consented to return if we are not destroyed. Thus are my hopes blasted by cowardice and indecision; I come back ignorant and disappointed. It requires more philosophy than I possess to bear this injustice with patience. - Walton

Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries.

The author styles the story as a cautionary tale through the letters, and further develops the narrative of the story by introducing Walton, who would eventually provide an ending to the story. The strategy is useful because it does not give away the contents of Victor and the monster’s story. Instead, it lends credibility to the story about to be told.

The letters are an effective tool because they shape the reader’s perspective while developing the plot and the style of the story.

Nick Carraway says, "I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known." Is this true?

Nick Carraway is not an honest person. We will get back to the rest of the interesting passage in which Nick declares his honesty in a moment, but for now, let's start with the big picture: Nick aids and abets Gatsby and Daisy in having an affair. We may sympathize with him--Tom is adulterous and brutal--but, nevertheless, it is not precisely honest to help a married woman, especially one whose husband is your friend, have an affair with another man. Nick carefully keeps this concealed from Tom, as we realize when Tom recognizes, with surprise, that everybody but him knew this was going on. 

Getting back to the passage about honesty, Nick first ponders Jordan and her possible cheating at golf, concluding that she is "incurably dishonest." Then he feels, in a flash, that he is falling in love with her, after dating her casually: has that careless dating, in itself, been deceptive? Has he encouraged Jordan to believe he feels more than "tender curiosity" about her? Whether yes or no, he then admits to the reader, if not to himself, his dishonesty in his relationship with a woman back home. He calls it a "tangle" and says that he has been signing his letters to her "Love, Nick." However, she seems to repulse him. He says "all I could think of was ... a faint mustache of perspiration ... on her upper lip." He says "there was a vague understanding" that has to be "tactfully broken off" for him to be "free."

In other words, he has been dating Jordan while stringing another woman along. That may be human behavior, but it is not precisely honest behavior. It is at this point, however, that he declares "I am one of the few honest people I have ever known."

How do you solve the integration of (sqrt(x/(x-1))-1)/x dx Do you know? I tried substitution, but with out any result... :/

Hello!

As I understand, we are speaking about

We can omit the last term, -1/x, because we know its integral (ln|x|+C).

The remaining part is

Make some transformations with the function under integral, and assume that

Now we can integrate it, because

This is the answer for x>0 and without omitted

In Romeo and Juliet, what is an example of love between characters besides Romeo and Juliet? Do characters fight for the love of their beliefs?

Other than the obvious, there are several examples of characters showing love in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

Benvolio loves his cousin Romeo and tries to bring him out of his depression regarding Rosaline. The Nurse shows motherly love toward Juliet and wants what is best for the girl. An argument could also be made that Lord Capulet really adores his daughter despite his chastising of her over marrying Count Paris at the close of Act III. 

We may also believe that Paris is quite sincere in his love for Juliet. Even though it seems like an arranged marriage which will benefit both Paris and Capulet, we learn in Act V that Paris has very deep feelings for the girl as he goes to her tomb to pay his respects and spread flowers and sweet water. Paris says,

Sweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew
(O woe, thy canopy is dust and stones!)
Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,
Or, wanting that, with tears distilled by moans.
The obsequies that I for thee will keep
Nightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep

The love of fighting is also prevalent in the play. Romeo remarks in Act I that the two families are simply in love with the idea of the feud:

O me! What fray was here?
Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all.
Here’s much to do with hate, but more with love.

Tybalt and Mercutio are total fanatics when it comes to the rivalry. Tybalt threatens to kill Benvolio in Act I, Scene 1, and he is also ready fight Romeo in Act I, Scene 5, when he overhears Romeo. Tybalt says,

This, by his voice, should be a Montague.
Fetch me my rapier, boy.
What, dares the slave
Come hither covered with an antic face
To fleer and scorn at our solemnity?

Mercutio too loves to fight and is quite willing to defend Romeo's honor in Act III, Scene 1 because Romeo, who has just been married to Tybalt's cousin, backs down. In a rage, Mercutio goes after Tybalt saying,

O calm, dishonorable, vile submission!
Alla stoccato carries it away. He draws.
Tybalt, you ratcatcher, will you walk?

It is safe to say that Tybalt and Mercutio are dedicated to the feud and will defend the honor of their particular side for virtually any reason.

What is an animal called that does not have a backbone?

An animal that does not possess a backbone is called an invertebrate. Vertebrates, on the other hand, are the animals that have backbones. All the animals are divided into these two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates. Human beings and a number of other animals (such as cats, dogs, cows, etc.) are all vertebrates. Insects, crabs, snails, worms, etc., are all examples of invertebrates. Interestingly, most of the known animals are invertebrates. In comparison to (about) 58,000 known species of vertebrates, there are over 2 million known species of invertebrates. Thus, almost 97% of the known animal species are invertebrates. One of the disadvantages of not having a backbone is that invertebrates are, generally, slow moving and are smaller in size, in comparison to vertebrates. 

Hope this helps. 

How was Scrooge visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past?

Dickens doesn't show us exactly how the spirit gets into Scrooge's room. Instead we know that Scrooge is asleep, then awakened by the clock chiming, and then the spirit pulls back the curtains on his bed to reveal himself. 

After Scrooge gets up, the spirit gestures to the window and Scrooge says he is "mortal and liable to fall," but the spirit prompts Scrooge to hold his hand. Then,

"as the words were spoken, they passed through the wall, and stood upon an open country road, with fields on either hand" (Stave II).

Based on how they left the room, we might be able to assume that the spirit initially visited Scrooge in the same way, but we just don't know. Even the description of the spirit is very fantastical and leads us to believe that the spirits have many powers that we are not aware of, so the arrive into the room could have happened many ways.

The operations manager from Q4 wants to make sure the right sample size was used to collect the observations and calculate the standard time.The...

The time, t, for a manufacturing process is required to be estimated, with 99% confidence, that a +/-2% accuracy interval about the estimate for t, t*, will contain the true value of t. The question is whether a sample size of n=10 will be large enough, with 99% confidence, for this to be true.

We require that t is in the interval [t*(1-a),t*(1+b)] with 99% confidence, where

(Eqn 1) a +b = 0.04 (so that the interval covers 4% around t* but need not be exactly symmetric)

We can simplify the problem by moving to the log scale, so that log(t) is required to fall in the interval about log(t*)

[log(t*) + log(1-a), log(t*) + log(1+b)]

with 99% confidence.

For a symmetric 4%-wide interval about log(t*) we have that

-log(1-a) = log(1+b) = c

giving the identity

(Eqn 2) (1-a)(1+b) = 1

Substituting a = 0.04-b  from (Eqn 1) into (Eqn 2) we have that

(b+0.96)(1+b) = 1

b^2 + 1.96b - 0.04 = 0

Solving using the quadratic formula to obtain b and then using (Eqn 1) to obtain a we have

a = 0.0198, b = 0.0202 and hence c = log(1+b) = 0.02

The values of a and b are not quite equal, since for a +/-2% interval to be additive on the logarithmic scale, the 4%-wide interval on the original scale needs to be slightly asymmetric. Note that 2% is so small a percentage that it translates very closely to 0.02 on the log scale.

Hence an interval for the sample estimate of log(t), log(t*), that allows for +/-2% error in the estimate log(t*) is given by

(Eqn 3) log(t*) +/- 0.02

Now, applying the Central Limit Theorem, we assume that the sampling distribution of log(t*) can be approximated as Normal(log(t), sigma^2/n), where sigma^2 is the underlying variance of measurements of log(t) and n is the sample size.

A 99% confidence interval for log(t) from a sample size n will thus be of the form

(Eqn 4) log(t*) +/- 2.58sigma/sqrt(n)

where 2.58 is the 99.5th percentile of the standard Normal distribution. By taking 0.5% off each end of the distribution, we ensure we have a two-sided 99% confidence interval.

In practice, we of course need to plug an estimate of sigma, sigma*, into (Eqn 4), since the true value of sigma is unknown.

Since the 99% interval in (Eqn 4) is required to be no larger than the +/-2% accuracy interval in (Eqn 3), we require that

0.02 >= 2.58sigma/sqrt(n)

that is

n >= (2.58/0.02)^2sigma^2

n >= 16641sigma^2

Supposing that we have a sample estimate for sigma of sigma* = 6 seconds = 0.1 mins then we would require

n >= 166.41

Unless the process is a fast process and the accuracy of the measurement of the time it takes is also good, a sample of size n=10 is not enough to be 99% confident that the interval [t*(1-a),t*(1+b)] contains the true time length t, where the width of the interval is 4% of t* wide. Allowing only 4% inaccuracy on either side of the estimate t* means that a sample of only n=10 will result in lower confidence that t is in the interval about t* than 99%. In fact, the associated confidence in this case would be only

2*(1-Phi(0.02*sqrt(10)/0.1)) = 2*(1-Phi(0.632)) = 52.7%

where Phi() is the cdf of the standard Normal distribution. This is a very low level of confidence when compared to 99%.

I need 3 quotes from To Kill a Mockingbird that show Atticus Finch being humble: one dialogue quote from Atticus, one that shows an action by...

There are so many times in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird that Atticus Finch shows meekness and humility. These are qualities generally associated with Christians and the idea that one should not seek glory or attention for themselves. Atticus Finch isn't an ambitious man who lives to gain the acceptance of others. He lives his life so he can face himself in the mirror each day knowing that he makes good choices. He has a conscience which prompts him to be a good example to his children. Both Scout and Miss Maudie understand how straight-forward Atticus is because Scout says, "Atticus don't do anything to Jem and Me in the house that he don't do in the yard." Then Miss Maudie responds with, "Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is in the public streets" (46).

The above quotes show that Atticus is honest and doesn't keep deep, dark secrets. In fact, the whole scene with the mad dog shows Atticus being humble, speaking with humility, and being noticed by his children and the neighbors for being humble. However, he does not go publicizing his talents, either. For example, Atticus does not tell Heck Tate that he is the best shot in the county; nor does he tell Mr. Tate that he should shoot the mad dog because he knows he is the best. It is Heck Tate that reveals Atticus Finch's talent. The scene proceeds as follows:

"'Take him, Mr. Finch.' Mr. Tate handed the rifle to Atticus; Jem and I nearly fainted.

'Don't waste time, Heck,' said Atticus. 'Go on.'

'Mr. Finch, this is a one-shot job.'

Atticus shook his head vehemently: 'Don't just stand there, Heck! He won't wait all day for you--' 

'. . . I can't shoot that well and you know it!'

'I haven't shot a gun in thirty years--'" (95-96)

Heck Tate finally shoves the gun at Atticus because there wasn't any more time to argue with such humility. Again, the above quotes show Atticus being humble in his actions and speaking with humility because he does not want to show up policeman with his own gun. Scout describes her father's actions in the scene with the following:

"With movements so swift they seemed simultaneous, Atticus's hand yanked a ball-tipped lever as be brought the gun to his shoulder. The rifle cracked. Tom Johnson. . . didn't know what hit him" (96).

After Atticus shoots the dog with one shot, saving the day, Miss Maudie yells, "I saw that One-Shot Finch!" (97).

W.H. Auden's poem "The Unknown Citizen" presents many facts about this individual. Briefly, what is known about the man?

W.H. Auden gives us many basic facts about "The Unknown Citizen." We know, for instance that no complaints had ever been filed about him, indicating that he did not do anything to hurt anyone else or to damage property or break laws. He is even called a "saint," showing that he must have been a very good person. We also know he worked in a factory and was a satisfactory employee. He was popular with friends and liked to have a drink with them. This citizen read the newspaper--or at least bought one daily. He had insurance and was hospitalized just one time and left well again. He had things...

"...necessary to the Modern Man,

A phonograph, a radio, a car, and a frigidaire." (Auden ll. 20-21)

He went to war when he was called to do so, was married with five children. What we do not know is whether or not he was free or happy.

In Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, what was the role of the wolves?

Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book is not one book, per se; rather, it is a collection of stories and poems each of which is connected to the wild. The first such story is titled “Mowgli’s Brothers” and tells the tale of a young orphaned boy raised by a family of wolves—a pack of wolves, to be more technical.

The leader of this clan is Father Wolf and, needless to say, there is a Mother Wolf. It is a family given human characteristics in terms of socialization. Why did Kipling give such a prominent role in his story to wolves, rather than to other species? The answer almost certainly lies in the roles Kipling observed among wolf packs.

Wolves live and hunt as a group, or family, with a dominant wolf filling the role of head of the pack. In The Jungle Book, that role belongs, unsurprisingly, to Father Wolf. By placing wolves at the center of this story—a story involving a sort of custody battle between the wolves, adopting the young boy as their own, and a tiger called Shere Khan—Kipling was emphasizing the social nature and roles of wolves relative to other predatory beasts.

Kipling, however, went beyond his emphasis on the nature of the pack; he attributed to the wolves in his story a code of conduct that assumes a condition of primal importance to these animals. Father Wolf says with respect to the pack’s dispute with Shere Khan over the rights to the orphaned boy Mowgli:

“The Wolves are a free people. . .They take orders from the Head of the Pack, and not from any striped cattle-killer. The man’s cub is ours—to kill if we choose.”

An important part of Kipling’s story is the “Law of the Jungle,” also known as “The Law for the Wolves,” which is set forth in a poem within The Jungle Book. As the title suggests, Kipling’s poem sets forth the guiding principles of wolves:

As the creeper that girdles the tree-trunk the Law runneth forward and back—

For the strength of the Pack is the Wolf, and the strength of the Wolf is the Pack.

. . .

When ye fight with a Wolf of the Pack, ye must fight him alone and afar,

Lest others take part in the quarrel, and the Pack be diminished by war.

The Lair of the Wolf is his refuge, and where he has made him his home,

Not even the Head Wolf may enter, not even the Council may come

The “Law of the Jungle,” described by Kipling's poem and prevalent throughout “Mowgli’s Brothers,” provides the wolves a form of civilization that extends from the wolf culture and that provides the basis for Kipling's approach to a story of a boy raised in the jungle by wolves. The significance of the role of wolves in The Jungle Book, then, derives from the communal roles Kipling observed then embellished for narrative purposes.

What are some examples of cultural diffusion in technology?

Cultural diffusion of technology is a constant theme in the history of the world. As different cultures meet, through trade or conquest, they almost automatically are interested in sharing their ideas and technologies. A great example of this is the introduction of gunpowder to Europe after the Crusades. The technology was used for many years by the Chinese initially for fireworks that were used to get rid of evil spirits. By the 15th Century, the Ottoman Empire integrated gunpowder in weapons and it did not take long for Europeans to utilize guns. Muslim scholars at this time also invented the astrolabe that was used for navigation. This technology would find its way to Europe, which made possible the exploration of the New World.

Today we live in a global economy. There are countless examples of technology diffusion. Even people in the most remote areas of the world utilize cellular phones. Computers, global positioning, social networks, medical advances, and green technologies are invented in one part of the world, and quickly become global. The world is now interconnected. The I-Pad was released in 2010 by the American company, Apple. Today, over 300 million I-Pads have been sold around the world. The world is almost interconnected to such a degree that it is hard to label the spread of ideas and technology cultural diffusion anymore.

How would you define and describe the beliefs and values of Jeffersonian liberalism?

Jeffersonian liberalism was characterized above all by a faith in the ability of the people (by which Jefferson meant white men) to govern themselves. This belief was reflected in his words in the Declaration of Independence as well as his opposition to the expansion of federal power at the expense of the states later in his political career. Jeffersonian liberalism, in short, was more democratic than that of many of his contemporaries who could also be described as liberal.

Jeffersonian liberalism was also rooted in a strong belief that the future of the nation was to be essentially an agrarian republic. He thought that the vast expanses of land available to Americans (Native Americans, he hoped, would be assimilated) would create the possibility of a nation of small independent landowners. The obvious consequence of this was that he strongly believed in westward expansion. He hated cities, which he associated with poverty and corruption of his republican ideal. While he believed in producing for the market, and was not oblivious or even opposed to the rise of a capitalist ethos in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, an important part of his liberalism was an opposition to high finance--the bankers and "stockjobbers" that he thought swindled honest people out of their money by using the mechanisms of a strong centralized financial structure. 

Finally, one of the aspects of Jeffersonian liberalism that most strongly appeals to modern readers is his commitment to many civil liberties. As a sort of skeptic himself, he valued religious freedom in particular. This conviction was shared by many so-called "classical" liberals on both sides of the Atlantic, and Jefferson thought it so important that he had his authorship of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom included alongside the Declaration of Independence and the University of Virginia on his tombstone. Indeed, his commitment to religious freedom was one of the few easily identifiable constants in the life of a man notorious for his complexity. 

Mention some ways in which chemistry is a part of daily life?

Chemistry is a part of our day to day life. Our body is organic and is maintained by chemical reactions. We breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The food that we eat originates from chemical reactions. The plants make food using the photochemical reaction of photosynthesis. When we eat vegetables or fruits, they are a product of these chemical reactions. Similarly, animals consume food and grow using chemical reactions. When we eat other animals, we are still enjoying the products of chemistry as we digest them. The food, after ingestion, is broken down through a series of chemical reactions. Ultimately, we break much down to carbon dioxide (which is released from our body). Our body uses chemistry while we are alive and after our death, the body decays (again using chemistry).

Many of our day to day items are a result of chemistry. The fuels we use (gasoline or diesel) undergo combustion and release energy (by a chemical reaction) to power the engines of our vehicles. The medicines that we consume are made by pharmaceutical companies using chemistry. Soaps and detergents are also generated by using chemical reactions. There are many other examples of chemistry in our daily life. One just has to look around.

Hope this helps. 

How does Claudia describe Mr. Henry when she first meets him?

In Autumn, Chapter 1, Claudia and her sister, Frieda, meet their family's newest boarder, Henry Washington. Accordingly, Henry used to board with Della Jones on Thirteenth Street. However, Della's senility has made it difficult for her to maintain her rental responsibilities; this is why Henry has had to move.

As described, Henry is an unmarried man who is sensible and a 'steady worker with quiet ways.' The girls' mother hopes that Henry will work out well at their place. Henry arrives on a Saturday night, and the girls, curious about their new renter, lose no time in assessing the character of this newcomer. 

Among other things, Claudia notices that he smells nice, like 'trees and lemon vanishing cream, and Nu Nile Hair Oil and flecks of Sen Sen.' Sen Sen is a type of breath freshener, popular in the 70s and 80s, especially among men.

When men were men, the choice was Sen Sen.

Claudia and her sister are pleasantly surprised when Henry addresses them in a friendly manner. He disarms them by calling them Greta Garbo and Ginger Rogers, the names of two well known, beautiful actresses. Henry further endears himself to the girls when he performs a magic coin trick for them. Claudia tells us that they loved him, and that despite what came later, there was no bitterness in their memories of him.

What hardships did the Jamestown settlers face?

In May 1607, 104 settlers established a permanent colony at Jamestown. Life for these settlers was very hard and, by the end of the first year, only 38 of these men and women survived. Here are some of the hardships they faced:

• The Jamestown settlers faced food shortages because they spent their early days searching for gold instead of farming.


• The water around Jamestown was brackish and not suitable for drinking. It was also a breeding ground for mosquitoes, causing serious illness among the settlers, especially malaria, dysentery and typhoid.


• Many members of the local native tribe, the Powhatans, were sceptical and wary of the settlers. Though the settlers were able to establish trade with the natives, relations between the two were not always good. According to Captain John Smith, some natives were warm and hospitable while other discharged arrows. 


• The settlers faced cold and harsh winters, especially in their first year. 

Would you have done what Ben Price did in "A Retrieved Reformation?"

The short answer is yes. Ben Price is not an official officer of the law. Banks employed private detective agencies, such as the famous Pinkerton's, for security in O. Henry's time. Ben Price was not legally obligated to arrest Jimmy Valentine for the three safecracking jobs Jimmy had committed in Indiana right after being released from prison. As a matter of fact, Ben Price did not know for sure that Jimmy was the perpetrator. He was not like Jimmy Wells in O. Henry's story "After Twenty Years," who was a sworn officer of the law and legally and morally obligated to arrest his old friend Bob, or at least to have him arrested. Sherlock Holmes was also a private detective and not legally obligated to arrest criminals. In some stories he let offenders go free because (1) he felt some compassion, and (2) he felt sure the offender was not going to commit any crimes in the future. This was the case, for example, in "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle." The thief named Ryder begs for mercy. Holmes thinks it over, then:

"Get out!” said he.

“What, sir! Oh, Heaven bless you!”

“No more words. Get out!”

And no more words were needed. There was a rush, a clatter upon the stairs, the bang of a door, and the crisp rattle of running footfalls from the street.

“After all, Watson,” said Holmes, reaching up his hand for his clay pipe, “I am not retained by the police to supply their deficiencies."

I myself would perhaps be even more inclined than Ben Price to allow Ralph Spencer to continue living the life of a small-town businessman under an assumed name, because I have shared Jimmy Valentine's experiences vicariously and feel certain that he deserves to get a break. Jimmy will be a good family man and a good citizen from now on. He will be much more of an asset to society living a staid, conventional life than living behind prison bars.

What is the nature of the tension regarding Mrs. Van Daan's inappropriate actions toward Mr. Frank? How is it resolved?

The tension begins in act 1, scene 3 when Mrs. Van Daan asks Mr. Frank to take Peter on as a pupil. Mr. Frank defers to Mr. Van Daan, but Mr. Van Daan says that Peter won't listen to him, so he is welcome to it. When he  agrees to teach Peter, Mrs. Van Daan kisses Mr. Frank and says the following:

"You're an angel, Mr. Frank. An angel. I don't know why I didn't meet you before I met that one there. Here, sit down, Mr. Frank . . . (She forces him down on the couch beside PETER.) Now, Peter, you listen to Mr. Frank."

The stage directions after Mrs. Van Daan's flirtatious advances say that as Mr. Frank goes to teach Peter in another room, Mrs. Frank stops her husband and wipes off the lipstick mark that Mrs. Van Daan left on his lips. Mrs. Frank never says anything directly to Mrs. Van Daan about the kiss or inappropriate flirting. Mrs. Frank refuses to lower herself to Mrs. Van Daan's childish ways and she won't give Mrs. Van Daan the satisfaction of knowing that it bothers her. Mr. Frank also never encourages Mrs. Van Daan, nor does he respond to her advances, which helps to keep Mrs. Frank feeling secure within her marriage. 

The only time that Mrs. Frank loses her temper is when she discovers Mr. Van Daan has been stealing food during the night. She never turns her anger to addressing Mrs. Van Daan's flirting, though. Therefore, the resolution is that Mr. and Mrs. Frank do not give Mrs. Van Daan the attention she desires. To them, discussing the issue is beneath them and not worth the energy to try to stop Mrs. Van Daan from flirting. Plus, Mrs. Van Daan becomes very riled up in an argument, so the issue isn't worth addressing. If Mrs. Van Daan's flirting had become more of a problem, they would have addressed it. As it stands, Mrs. Van Daan never crosses too many lines to spark any real debate or argument on the matter. Anne says the following at the end of act 1, scene 3:

"To pause for a moment on the subject of Mrs. Van Daan. I must tell you that her attempts to flirt with Father are getting her nowhere. Pim, thank goodness, won't play."

Who is Gregor?

In the story, The Metamorphosis by Kafka, Gregor appears as the main character. Although Gregor becomes a bug, he is human first. As the story progresses, the readers learn about his life, transformation, and even his thoughts.

When first reading the book, Gregor appears as the first character mentioned. The readers quickly learn about his life, including information about his family and his job.

As the book progresses, the readers discover more about his life before and after the transformation into a bug. Although he was initially a human, he eventually (and mysteriously) became a bug. He responds by going through a period of seeming not to care or possibly even denial about the transformation. However, he must soon face the repercussions of this change.

Furthermore, the readers personally learn about Gregor’s thoughts. Although Gregor is a bug for the story’s entirety, the readers still discover insight about his thought processes and emotions. With this, the readers see how he feels about his family, his job, and even himself.

Thus, Gregor is a pivotal character in The Metamorphosis. Although there are other characters in this story as well, the story focuses on his life, thoughts, and transformation. His feelings and changes make his character fascinating and even personable, despite his outward appearance.

In "Chickamauga," it may seem unrealistic that he was able to sleep through a battle going on all around him. What fact, revealed near the end,...

In Ambrose Bierce's short story "Chickamauga," a little boy wanders into a Civil War battle while he is pretending to be a soldier. The little boy feels terrified as he wanders through the woods; he cannot find his way home and, exhausted, eventually falls asleep. 

Hours later, the child wakes up and sees injured men dragging themselves on the ground. The child has heard nothing during his time in the woods. Thousands of men have passed through the woods during the course of the battle. The story presents some horrific scenes of men suffering and dying around the child, but he does not seem to understand what is happening. The narrator relates that it was a "merry spectacle" for the child. 

Near the end of the story, the little boy follows a glowing red light and discovers several burning buildings. Only after dancing joyfully in the flames does he see the body of a dead woman - his mother - and recognize the fiery buildings as his home. 

Here we finally learn the reason behind the boy's strange behavior during the story - he is deaf and mute. He cries aloud - "a startling, soulless, unholy sound, the language of a devil." Because he was unable to hear the battle raging around him or to hear the cries of his family, he remains oblivious to what is happening until the very end of the story. 

Evaluate the indefinite integral.

You need to use the following substitution , such that:

Replacing back   for u yields:

Hence, evaluating the indefinite integral, yields

For each of the following changes, will there be a change in quantity demanded or a change in demand? A change in the price of a related good...

There is only one factor that can cause a change in quantity demanded as opposed to a change in demand.  The only factor that can cause a change in quantity demanded is a change in the price of the good in question.  As an example, the only thing that can change the quantity demanded of Whoppers from Burger King is the price that Burger King charges for the Whoppers.

A demand curve is a curve that shows how much of a product consumers are willing and able to buy at all possible price levels.  A change in quantity demanded is simply a movement along that line.  The only thing that can cause a movement along that line is a change in the price of the product.

A change in demand occurs when consumers want more or less of a product than they did before at the same price.  This means that the demand curve has moved.  There are many factors that can cause the demand curve to move.  For example, a change in consumer tastes will make people want more of a product if it becomes popular or less if it loses popularity. Of the factors that you mention in this question, all of them move the demand curve (causing a change in demand) except for (iv) a change in price.

What are some metaphors in Chapters 10 and 11 in the book The Souls of Black Folk?

As Du Bois discusses black churches throughout Chapter 10, he calls forth a few metaphors:

First, the idea that an individual church's priests and committees are a government expresses the role of the church in black society as providing structure, order, and social life.

Second, explaining how the history of slavery and the church intermingle, Du Bois mentions that slavery itself was "the dark triumph of Evil" over the slaves. In a parallel metaphor, he mentions later in the chapter that emancipation was the "Coming of the Lord." These religious metaphors help express the otherwise ineffable horror and relief brought on by slavery and its end, respectively. This chapter ends by anticipating an "Awakening" that must come at some point, which we can understand as another metaphor, perhaps the time when the "veil of color" will completely dissipate.

Regarding that "veil," it's actually the central metaphor in Chapter 11. Du Bois describes how his precious baby boy died of an illness, and how that baby will never to have to live under "the veil" that society would have imposed on him if he had lived beyond infancy. This "veil" is a metaphor for blacks' separation from white society and for the inequality, separation, obscurity, etc. that result, and this is the metaphor that Du Bois employs for most of the entire book.

How and where does the rich diversity of languages in the world come from?

There are over 6500 spoken languages in the world. And even this figure could well be an underestimation of reality, as there are some languages that are not recorded at all and some that have died (languages die when there are no more speakers speaking that language). Also, one language can have many dialects, some of which can become mutually unintelligible over time.

Languages that look similar in morphology, phonology and syntax seem to belong to the same language family. Some theories claim that all the languages that you see in the world have actually originated from one single language (the protolanguage). There is a mention of such a “pure language” in religious texts like Bible also.

Once humans had this first language, it is easier to explain how the rich diversity of languages that we see around came to existence. For instance, new languages (pidgins and creoles) are formed through language contact situations. Even existing languages change rapidly with time (synchronically and diachronically), giving rise to different dialects. If and when speakers of these dialects are separated due to geographical or other constrains, these dialects become distinct languages over time.

But it is nearly impossible to explain when and how did this first language originate? A more important question is why were only humans gifted with language faculty?

Language is species specific to humans. Other animals also have some modes of communication (bee dancing, bird songs, etc.), but none of the communication channels recorded so far are even close to human language. Charles Hockett gave a list of 16 design features that make human language unique. Amongst other things, our language gives us the power to talk about language (see the reflexiveness design feature). Note that when I refer to language, I do not mean a particular language like English, French or Hindi. I mean “language faculty.” A human child is born with the capacity (read Noam Chomsky’s Universal Grammar) to learn any language of the world if he or she is exposed to it at the right age (read "critical age hypothesis"). In fact, one can say that language alone is responsible for making Homo sapiens- sapiens so unique and different from the rest of the animal kingdom.

The branch of linguistics that deals with the origin and evolution of language and language faculty is known as Evolutionary Linguistics. Evolutionary linguistics relies heavily on data from other fields like evolutionary biology, archaeology, neurology, comparative anatomy, anthropology, genetics, cognitive sciences, etc. Different linguists have proposed theories on the evolution of language. The discontinuity theory, for instance, talks about a random mutation in the human genome at some point in the history that suddenly resulted in language faculty. The continuity theory talks about some primitive, pre-linguistic structures that gradually gave rise to the complex linguistic structures we have today. Some theories attribute language faculty as a byproduct of some other developmental change in the human anatomy or morphology.

There are many problems to studying language history and evolution. Language is absent in our closest kin (apes, chimpanzees, etc.), and in our immediate ancestors, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. Hence, comparative studies do not give desirable results. Besides this, the lack of the possibility of fossil records for spoken language complicates the studies on language evolution.

What role did World War I play in causing the February Revolution?

The February Revolution took place in Petrograd (today's St. Petersburg), then the Russian capital, in 1917. For one week, demonstrators rioted in reaction to food shortages, and the Russian police attempted to quell their uprising. The demonstrators were joined by 90,000 striking workers. In the end, the Russian army decided to revolt against the tsar, Nicholas II, and join the rioters, leading to the abdication of the tsar and the end of the Russian monarchy. 

World War I played a large role in the uprising, as the war had long fallen out of favor. While Russians largely supported the war when it broke out in 1914, the Russian army had begun to suffer defeats and were very badly equipped. By 1917, about six million Russians casualties had resulted from the war. In addition, the Russian home front was in a disastrous state, as the railroads were being used to serve the war effort, meaning that people could not get enough food and other goods. People were facing widespread poverty and famine. In addition, the Russian economy was hobbled because Russian goods could not reach European markets. As a result of these problems, people had simply lost faith in the ability of the tsar to govern. The lower house of Parliament, the Duma, asked the tsar to establish a constitutional government, but he refused and was eventually deposed, leading to the establishment of a provisional government under Prince Georgy Lvov.

What dilemma does Lyddie face when Charlie comes to Lowell in Lyddie?

Lyddie has to decide if she should send her sister Rachel to Charlie’s new family.

Lyddie has always been the strong one in the family.  When her youngest sister Agnes was born, her mother became mentally withdrawn and unstable and her father left to try to make money out west. Lyddie was the oldest, and she became the head of the house.

Even though she had not seen her father in four years, Lyddie still hoped he would come back.  Her mother got tired of waiting, and left the farm to go to Lyddie’s uncle’s house after the family had a close call with a bear.  Bears or not, that left Lyddie and her younger brother Charles alone with the house.

Lyddie’s mother let out the land and sent Charles and Lyddie to work.  Two years later, Lyddie got a letter from her mother telling her that her youngest sister Agnes had died and her other sister Rachel was in bad shape.  Not long after that, Lyddie’s uncle showed up with Rachel.  He left the little girl with Lyddie and told her that her mother was being institutionalized and the farm sold.

Rachel was too light. Boneless as a rag doll. As Lyddie went up the steps of the boardinghouse, she could feel her tiny burden trembling through the shawl. "It's all right, Rachie. It's me, Lyddie," she said, hoping the child could remember her. (Ch. 15)

As a factory worker, Lyddie did not have any place to keep an eight-year-old girl.  She lived in the factory corporate housing, which was a boarding house that took up most of her pay.  Children were not allowed for factory workers.

When Charlie arrived, he told Lyddie that he now was with a good family.  The people who had taken him in had treated him like a son, and then sent him for Rachel.  She could have a good life with them, and live like a child instead of a slave.  Lyddie knows that this life would make Rachel stronger and allow her a chance to go to school, something Lyddie never got to do.

"I have good news there, too. Mrs. Phinney asked me to bring Rachel back.  She craves a daughter as well. And she'll be so good to her, you'll see. … She's never had a proper Ma, Rachel." (Ch. 18)

Lyddie knows this is true.  However, Lyddie is also sad.  Since her father left, all she wanted was for the family to be back together.  Now there seemed no chance of that, with their mother put away and Agnes dead.  Rachel was the last piece of the dream that Lyddie had left.

Still, the choice was really no choice at all.  Lyddie may want to keep her family together, but it would be selfish to keep Rachel when she had no way to take care of her.  Rachel would have a much better life with Charlie’s new family.

How does a change in temperature help in the weathering of rocks?

Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down by environmental elements, organisms, etc. Weathering by thermal stress is a common type of weathering. This occurs due to temperature changes.

One example of this is the storage of water (possibly from rainfall) in a small crack in a rock. Some time later, when winter sets in and the temperature falls below the freezing point of water (0 degrees Celsius), the stored water will freeze. As we know, ice occupies more volume than liquid water; that is, water expands on freezing. This means that the freezing of stored water will force the crack to open up more (to make space for the ice). When the temperature rises above the freezing point, this ice will melt, thereby relieving the crack of the force. When this process of freezing and thawing takes place frequently, the crack become wider and weathering takes place.

Hope this helps. 

Which of the following is NOT an epoch of the Tertiary period? Paleocene Pliocene Eocene none of the above

None of the above; all three listed are Epochs of the Tertiary Period. There are five all together, and they make up the first part of the Cenezoic Era. The Cenezoic Era is the current era; it began 66 million years BCE (before common era) and continues today. We are in the Quarternary Period, which began 2.6 million years ago. The first half of the Cenezoic is called the Tertiary Period, the subject of your question. In order, the five epochs of the Tertiary Period are from the furthest back in time to the most recent:

1. The Paleocene 66--55.8 million years BCE


2. The Eocene  55.8--33.9 million years BCE


3. The Oligocene  33.9--23 million years BCE


4. The Miocene  23--5.3 million years BCE


5. The Pliocene  5.3--2.6 million years BCE

The Quarternary Period follows, 2.6 million years BCE  to the present. If you are looking for information on the plants and animals of the Quaternary please see the links below.

Discuss foreshadowing in The Great Gatsby.

Chapter 1 ends with a description of Gatsby's green light. The light is a beacon of his hope in love, a symbol for Daisy. It represents his ideal vision of her: his American Dream. Chapter 2 opens with a description of the Valley of Ashes. Fitzgerald places these two images, the American Dream and the wasteland of failed dreams, together in order to suggest that the American Dream is locked together with the notion of failure. The foreshadowing suggests that Gatsby's dream might end in ashes. The green symbolizes life and money. The ashes symbolize death and failure. Colors play a significant role in this novel. Green stands out as the most suggestive color with conflating meanings of life, money, and illusive dreams. 

At the end of Chapter 3, Nick tells Jordan she is a terrible driver. She rationalizes her careless driving by saying that as long as other people are careful, they will get out of her way. Just prior to this exchange, Nick adds that Jordan is completely dishonest. Nick ends the chapter touting his own honesty. Nick places Jordan in the category with the elite, West Egg socialites who are selfishly careless and dishonest. This foreshadows the car accident that will claim Myrtle's life in Chapter 7 and Tom's dishonesty in shifting the blame to Gatsby. Near the end of the final chapter, Nick characterizes Tom and Daisy with the same adjective: careless. 

They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made . . . 

Gatsby had been trying to relive the past. In Chapter 5, when Gatsby and Daisy finally reunite, he is actively reliving the past. Symbolically, he leans against a clock and almost knocks it over. Nick adds, "I think we all believed for a moment that it had smashed in pieces on the floor." Playing with time and trying to relive the past are dangerous and/or futile attempts. It foreshadows a potential for this 'reliving of the past' to end tragically. Gatsby even says, "I'm sorry about the clock." 

How does Keisha help her friends in the novel, Tears of a Tiger?

When Keisha wrote an essay on “the Importance of Friendship”, she says,

“Without friends, life would be boring, lonely, and meaningless. “ (pg 117)

Keisha sees the importance of a good friendship.  When the accident happens, she and Rhonda band together to give as much support as they can to the boys involved.  Rhonda starts dating Tyrone, and Keisha is already dating Andy.  Andy is suffering the most.  He is the one who was driving the car when Robbie Washington died.  Robbie was his best friend.  Keisha tries to support him by encouraging him to get his homework done and get to school on time. When Andy had his license taken away until he turns twenty-one, she has her mother drive them to the mall and places they want to go.  She tries to lift his spirits when they are low.  Andy tells his psychologist,

“She’s there for me when nobody else is.” (pg 75)

Keisha believes that,

“Friends make life exciting. … Going downtown alone is no fun. Going downtown with a friend can be an adventure.  (pg 117-118)

However, when they go to the mall, Andy gets depressed when he sees Santa.  He and Rob use to play tricks on Santa at the mall, so it brings back memories of a better time.  Keisha has to call her mother to pick them up.  Her friendship with Andy is beginning to drain her spirits. 

She ends her essay on friendship with,

“When the bad times come, like when Robbie died, a friend is the most important thing in the world.  Rhonda and I cried together, went to the funeral together, and tried to help the boys involved as much as we could.” (pg 118)

She is thankful for Rhonda.  Keisha has to share some of her woes concerning Andy with someone.  She says,

“Sometimes I feel so alone I just want to cry.  That’s why I’m thankful I have a good friend like Rhonda, who always has a strong shoulder for me to cry on.” (pg 118)

Andy leans heavily on Keisha, but, although she desperately tries to help him, his depressed state is more than she can handle.  However, she is a good friend and will not desert him. She writes in her diary,

“I’d like to ease up on our relationship a little, but I don’t know how without hurting him.  Well, he needs me, and he has been through a lot.  I’m sure not going to be the one to cause him any more pain.”  (pg 129)

Later, Andy, in an attempt at humor, acts badly at the talent show and is rude to Keisha.  She has finally had it and breaks up with him. 

The night before Andy’s suicide, he calls Keisha.  It is after midnight, and Keisha’s mother tells Andy that Keisha is asleep.  She is sure they will iron out their differences because Keisha cares a lot for him, but not that night.  It is too late.

After Andy commits suicide, the grief counselor has them all write letters to Andy.  Keisha writes,

“….The pain left by your absence is like a wound in our hearts that will not heal. ….So you are out of it and we have to stay here, feeling your pain as well as our own.  It really isn’t fair, you know.”(pg 176) 

However, she ends the letter with

“I love you……Wait for me.”  (pg 176)

What ideas sparked the rise of different nationalist leaders after WW1?

The ideas that fueled the rise of nationalist leaders after World War 1 were mostly similar in nature. The leaders often advocated for the rebuilding of their countries and the need to make them stronger. This turned the particular countries, under such leaders, into police/military states.

World War 1 caused major destruction in different parts of the European continent. The effects were still felt years later, especially, in Germany. Germany was accused of instigating and starting the war, to this effect, the nation was forced to take full responsibility for the war. The country was penalized through reparations, territorial restrictions, and weakening of their defense forces. Citizens viewed these penalties as punitive and leaders such as Adolf Hitler were displeased with the situation.

Hitler rose to power on the promise to restore Germany’s strength and guaranteed the nation’s survival. His message resonated well with that of the people and he eventually assumed dictatorial powers in Germany leading up to World War 2. 

In Italy, Benito Mussolini rose to power with the promise of uniting Italians in Austria-Hungary and Italy. He developed a private army that secured his reign in Italy.

In summary, the ideas of the nationalist leaders after WW1 were to;

• Strengthen the economy in their country


• Restore the nations’ sense of pride


• Enhance security and defense through a robust police and military force


• Demonize opposing nations while at the same time distancing their countries from international/regional blame


• Maintain unity among their citizens


• The leaders also offered to stop or prevent the growth of communism that was fueled by a poor economy


• They also promised the return of their previously held territories and an expansion of their existing national boundaries

Fe has one paired and a total of 6 electrons in d-orbit, then why does it not show +1 valency since by loosing one electron from d orbit, it will...

Iron is a transition metal and is placed in group VIII of the periodic table. Being a transition element, it exhibits variable valencies and being a metal, it donates electrons (rather than accepting them, like a non-metal). Iron exhibits two valencies: +2 and +3.

Iron has an atomic number of 26 and has an electronic configuration of

As stated, iron has an electron pair in 3d orbital and a total of 6 electrons. However, it should be noted that both 4s and 3d orbitals are very similar in energy levels and iron loses the two 4s electrons first (for a valency of +2). It can lose an additional electron from 3d orbital (for a valency of +3) and achieve more stability with 5 electrons in 3d orbital. 

Hope this helps. 

Describe character types in "The Ransom of Red Chief."

Part of the delicious irony of O. Henry's story is that the character types are reversed. Normally the kidnappers would be the "bad guys" or antagonists, and the kidnapped child would be the protagonist or hero. In this story, however, Red Chief is the "bad guy" even though he is only a young boy and should be easily overcome by two older men. The boy is as obnoxious, cruel, and dangerous as any outlaw. The kidnappers, Bill and Sam, on the other hand, are eminently likable. Bill is the side-kick who carries out the orders of the "boss." The fact that Bill keeps trying to humor the boy and "play" with him even after he gets injured several times makes readers feel sympathetic toward Bill. Sam is the "mastermind" criminal, but is also, along with Bill, the protagonist. Sam uses his head, trying to pull off a crime, but he bears so little animosity toward anyone and shows so much forbearance toward Red Chief that readers like him, too. Ebenezer Dorset, Johnny's father, who should be a protagonist, is another antagonist in this story. He is also the quintessential skinflint; he is aptly named, reminding readers of Ebenezer Scrooge. Although Sam is supposed to be the mastermind, Ebenezer outwits Sam easily, and the law-abiding citizen becomes the extortionist in this humorous and ironic tale.

What is the tone of "From Dust Tracks on a Road" by Zora Neale Hurston?

(Note: I'm assuming this question pertains to the excerpt from Dust Tracks on a Road in the Prentice Hall American literature book, which covers the second half of Chapter 4, "The Inside Search," from Hurston's autobiography.)

In this chapter, Hurston explains a part in her life and describes an incident with two teachers from the North. As in most of the book, Hurston writes in a light, conversational, wistful tone that even approaches awe on certain occasions and allows her to discuss racial issues in a way that reflects her refusal to be defined by her race (see Hurston's essay "How it Feels to Be Colored Me").

The best way to see the tone is to look at the language Hurston uses. She begins this excerpt with, "I used to take a seat on the gate post and watch the world go by." She goes on to describe how she would ride with white people who passed her farm and they would be amazed by her "self-assurance" and "brazenness."

Throughout the book, including this passage, Hurston speaks in a Southern black dialect, including words that reveal where she's from. She uses phrases like "whipping before company" and "switched my dress tail at them."

When the white teachers (charitably? condescendingly?) ask Hurston to their hotel room because she reads well, she seems to admire them. She describes a scene in which the women ask her to read a passage from Scribner's Magazine and tell her after a few paragraphs "with smiles, that that would do." Perhaps it's Hurston's lack of reaction to these clearly condescending requests that add to her tone. She says nothing about these women in the rest of the book.

Most of the autobiography is written in this way. Hurston excuses or ignores seemingly racist or condescending actions. This is what makes the book so interesting and makes it stand out from other autobiographies written by African-Americans in this era.

Why epoxide is not considered as heterocyclic compound?

Epoxide is a type of cyclic ether. It is a three-atom ring composed of two carbons attached to oxygen. As to the definition, epoxides, also called as ethylene oxide, are classified as heterocyclic compounds. Any ring structure with two or more types of atom in its ring is classified as a heterocyclic compound. The IUPAC naming for epoxide is oxirane. 

Epoxides, compared with other cyclic ethers, are generally more reactive. The reason is that the three-membered ring is potentially strained. Acidification of the oxygen in the epoxide followed by a nucleophilic attack can easily open the ring. Epoxides are widely used in polymer industry since its cheap and the reaction is high yielding. 

Generally, epoxides with few numbers of carbons are odorless, colorless and are volatile. 

Why is the term "Romantic Movement" misleading?

The term "Romantic Movement" (also: Romantic Era, Romanticism) might be misleading to modern ears because of our understanding of what it means to be romantic. When we talk about "romance" today, we most often do so in the context of love or intimate relationships. One might think of roses, candles, and wooing their sweetheart. Romanticism was actually less focused on love or intimacy than it was on individualism and emotional expression. Themes such as horror, longing, and an appreciation for nature are all part of the romantic movement.

To a lesser extent, one might consider the term "movement" to be the misleading part. Personally, when I hear the term, I think of great political revolutions and social upheavals. Intellectual and artistic movements work far more implicitly than this. Though Romanticism did have a great effect on politics (particularly nationalist sentiment,) the intended end goal was not necessarily to inspire nationalism or liberalism. Rather, the Romantic Movement was a personal rejection of post-industrialist life and a perceived sense of moral or societal decay, as expressed through literature and the arts.

Pick the best test for identifying each of the gases carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia. Choose from these test options: lime water density...

The best choice to identify carbon dioxide gas is the limewater test. Limewater is an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. When CO2 is bubbled through lime water a precipitate of calcium carbonate forms turning the solution cloudy and white.

Here’s the equation for the reaction:

Hydrogen gas can be identified using a flaming splint. Hydrogen is collected in a test tube. A burning wood splint is held near the top of the test tube as the stopper is removed. If the gas in the tube is hydrogen, which is flammable, it will ignite with a popping sound.

Ammonia gas is very soluble in water. When bubbled through a hose and into a flask of water, it dissolves produces an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide. Bubbles of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide will both rise to the surface as gas bubbles. The presence of dissolved ammonia can be verified by checking the pH of the solution.  Ammonium hydroxide is basic so it has a pH above 7 and will turn red litmus paper blue.

The reason for ammonia’s solubility compared to other the other gases is that it’s very polar and it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules.