Is Dexter Green from "Winter Dreams" a dynamic or static character?

Dexter is a dynamic character, meaning he changes in a significant way by the time the story ends.

Most main characters in a story are dynamic, because most stories involve meeting challenges, reacting to them, and being changed by them in some important way. In other words, the main character or protagonist in a story is not the same person as he or she was when the story began. Somehow, that person thinks differently, sees the world differently, or has developed a significantly different personality.

If a character is the opposite of dynamic--static--that means he or she experiences no significant changes; that character basically stays the same from the beginning to the end of the story. Minor characters are usually static: the ones who aren't that important to the story. Sometimes, a main character is static in a story because he misses out on a chance to change.

Getting back to Dexter in "Winter Dreams," let's see what makes him a dynamic character by examining his character traits near the beginning of the story versus toward the end.

How he is near the beginning of the story:

As a young teenager working as a caddy at the golf course, Dexter is hardworking and competent: he never loses a ball, and his boss calls him "the best caddy in the club." Although the narrator doesn't explicitly say so, we believe Dexter has been doing this job for quite a while, so we assume he's also reliable. At the same time, he's deeply affected by the changing of the seasons and is often overcome by melancholy. We can tell how deeply emotional he is, too, because he reacts so impetuously to meeting Judy for the first time, suddenly throwing away his caddy job:

"But he had received a strong emotional shock, and his perturbation required a violent and immediate outlet."

And, notably, Dexter describes himself as a boy as "proud" and "desirous." The narrator adds that Dexter operated under the illusion that Judy was desirable, so we also know that Dexter was easily enchanted, or full of illusions.

As the story goes on, Dexter grows up, becomes successful in business, plays golf, and suffers endlessly from his on-again, off-again relationship with Judy. Because he wants to possess beautiful things, he keeps on chasing after the beautiful Judy no matter how many times she hurts him.

Now let's take a look at how he is at the end of the story, as a result of all those life experiences:

Is Dexter still hardworking, competent, and reliable? Yes. He's one of the richest young men in the country, it seems, and he's worked his way into a higher social class. So, that aspect of his personality hasn't changed.

Is he still melancholy and impetuous, given to fits of sadness and sudden emotional displays? Yes. Look at that scene toward the end with Devlin, when Dexter loses his cool when he hears what happened to Judy.

Is Dexter still enchanted? Is he still blinded by illusions? No. He has lost his illusions; he understands the reality now that Judy is not some perfect, ever-gorgeous being. She's become a frumpy housewife and isn't even pretty anymore. Dexter realizes this, and then he realizes that he's become disillusioned, finally. That's how Dexter changes. Here's how he acknowledges and laments that major change:

"Long ago," he said, "long ago, there was something in me, but now that thing is gone. Now that thing is gone, that thing is gone. I cannot cry. I cannot care. That thing will come back no more."

To sum it up, although Dexter retains many of his basic personality traits, his life experiences cause him to build up and then shatter his own illusions. His way of looking at the world changes from enchanted (and unrealistic) to realistic. That's how he changes, and that's why he's a dynamic character.

What do Bronia's drawings and illustrations represent?

Bronia is only three years old when her father, Joseph Balicki, is arrested and taken to a Nazi prison camp and her mother, Margrit, is taken away by German soldiers.

Bronia and her two siblings, Ruth and Edek, then find themselves at the mercy of the elements and the Nazi occupation forces. Edek takes to stealing food and necessities for his siblings until he is arrested for having butter in his possession. This leaves Ruth and Bronia to survive as best they can without him; however, with Ivan, the Russian sentry's help, both girls are soon able to trace Edek to a refugee feeding station at Posen.

Together at last, all three siblings make their way to Berlin by train; a long journey and many treacherous adventures transpire before they are eventually reunited with their parents.

The story tells us that, after the war, the Balickis become house parents for the Polish House in an international children's village in Switzerland. It is during this time that Bronia starts drawing pictures. Her pictures initially constitute drawings of 'ruined buildings, soldiers, and field kitchens.' As time progresses, her artistic endeavors focus on happier subjects such as 'the lake and the Swiss mountains.'

It is apparent that Bronia's drawings are a form of therapy for her. They allow her to process her fears and other negative emotions deriving from the war and her traumatic experiences. Art becomes a cathartic and healing element in her life.

Give two clear quotations that suggest life during the "Great Depression" in Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird.

Scout never says anything explicitly about The Great Depression in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. The question of different families' finances comes up when Scout attempts to tell her teacher, Miss Caroline, that she shouldn't offer a Cunningham a quarter for lunch because he won't be able to pay her back. Scout remembers that Walter Cunningham Sr. had paid her father in kind rather than money; that is to say, he pays with food, products, or services. When a family doesn't have money, then the old ways of bartering and trading for goods and services become other ways of payment.

Scout asks Atticus why Mr. Cunningham paid with stovewood, hickory nuts, similax, and holly, and he explains it as follows:

"Because that's the only way he can pay me. He has no money . . . The Cunninghams are country folks, farmers, and the crash hit them hardest" (21).

When Atticus says "the crash" he is referring to the stock market crash in October 1929 which burst the economic bubble in the United States and paved the way for The Great Depression.

The second time Atticus refers to The Great Depression is the day after Tom Robinson's trial. He wakes up to find a cooked chicken for breakfast along with rolls, "pork, tomatoes, beans, [and] scuppernogs" waiting for him. Calpurnia says that Tom's dad sent the chicken and other black folks sent the other goods to him out of appreciation for helping Mr. Robinson with the trial. Atticus responds by saying,

"Tell them I'm very grateful, . . . Tell them--tell them they must never do this again. Times are too hard" (213).

The Great Depression isn't mentioned here, but it is implied. Atticus knew that people would be suffering by giving up such wonderful food and goods to him and he couldn't bear that. He even mentioned that the White House didn't even have chicken for breakfast, so he couldn't bring himself to even eat his breakfast. Everyone around the country was suffering from The Depression, and with Atticus being the humble guy that he is, he couldn't accept such wonderful gifts or payment.

Hey, I'm from Denmark, Scandinavia and I am working on an essay about the American Dream. Is the idea of the American Dream still relevant today in...

Of course, different Americans could have different opinions about this question, but I believe that the idea of the American Dream is still very relevant to most Americans.  I believe that most Americans still expect that they will have the economic opportunity and the social mobility that is promised in the American Dream.  I believe that much of our current political conflict is caused by the feeling that the American Dream may be slipping away.

First, let us define the American Dream.  I would say that one aspect of this dream is that Americans feel that they should be better-off than their parents were and that their children should expect to have even better lives than they do.  Thus, there is a clear materialistic aspect to the dream.  In addition, there is an aspect of the dream that says that Americans should feel that they are in control of their destinies, both as individuals and as a nation.

I believe that both aspects of this dream remain relevant today.  It may be that the dream is becoming harder to actually achieve, but this still shows how relevant it is to Americans.  Many Americans believe that economic opportunity is decreasing and that the country is becoming less powerful.  They feel that they do not have the same chance of living the American Dream that previous generations did.  We can see that this is relevant because it leads to a great deal of anger among Americans.  Both liberals and conservatives are angry because they see the dream slipping away.  Conservatives become angry and turn to angry “leaders” like Donald Trump because they feel that such leaders can restore the American Dream, bringing back economic prosperity and the dominance of the US and of white American men.  Liberals become angry and are tempted to turn to people like Bernie Sanders who promise to rein in what they see as greedy rich people who have destroyed the American Dream.

In my view, this proves the continuing relevance of the American Dream.  Americans are angry because they feel the dream is being lost.  If you are angry because you think something is being lost, it implies that the thing is relevant to you.

What is your opinion of the idea that a single event can significantly alter the way we live our lives?

It sounds like your teacher simply wants your opinion.  You can answer the question honestly, but do remember that when a teacher asks this kind of question, he or she is really wanting you to defend your opinions.  

I agree with the idea that a single event can significantly alter the way we live our lives.  The way that it is currently worded though makes me think that the event in question is already passed.  Let me use an example.  I am married.  I had my wedding day, and that single event significantly changed the next eleven years.  When my wife and I found out that we were pregnant, that single event changed my family dynamic forever.  Those kinds of single events happen to people all of the time, and their lives are forever changed because of it.  

I don't think that the question is being asked correctly though in regards to the story "A Sound of Thunder."  I think the question is meant to ask how knowing about a single future action can significantly alter lives.  Will you change how you live knowing that every little thing that you do can have significant repercussions?  

The reason that I think the question is meant to be asked this way is because that is the question Bradbury asks in the story.  Eckels steps on a single butterfly in the past, which causes massive changes back in the present.  A person could go about his life attempting to scrutinize every single action and decision, but that would be pointless.  Every action that he or she does or does not take will have some effect on the future, but there is no way to know exactly what the effect is.  That's because the effect will feel normal.  The changed present in "A Sound of Thunder" feels different because the men have something to compare it to.  But in real life, you will never have the ability to shift yourself over to a different dimension and discover what the other decision wound up creating.  If a person tried to micromanage every little item in order to avoid possible future cataclysmic events, that person would go crazy.  

So, no I don't think knowing single events can cause drastic changes should alter how we live our daily lives.  

Why is Jessie afraid of an uprising by the black slaves aboard ship?

Interesting question! In the book The Slave Dancer by Paula Fox, Jessie is afraid of a slave uprising.

When the slave ship arrives at the coast to load the slaves, Jessie learns that he might carry a gun. Subsequently, his fellow crewmate tells Jessie that the slaves might have an uprising while they can still see their homeland. As Jessie's crewmate reveals:  

“If the blacks try anything, it’ll be then, when they can still see where they come from. Oh, they’ve done terrible things I could tell you about! Killing a crew and a master and all, then flinging themselves back into the sea, even shackled!”

After his fellow crewmate shares this information, Jessie begins to think about the stories he heard about slave uprisings at home. When Jessie was at home, he heard about uprisings occurring in other states, such as South Carolina and Virginia.

Consequently, these events made Jessie afraid of a slave uprising. After hearing about stories from his fellow crewmate and remembering stories from back home, Jessie becomes nervous.

What is it about Tim Johnson’s appearance and behavior that makes Jem think that the dog has rabies? How does Calpurnia respond when she sees...

Tim Johnson is walking strangely and seems to be acting abnormally. He's walking very slowly and twitching. Everyone in the town knows Tim Johnson well, and so Jem is easily able to see the change in the dog's behavior because he knows what Tim's "normal" behavior is like.

The kids tell Calpurnia and, after looking at Tim Johnson, she immediately calls Atticus to let him know there is a rabid dog on the loose. She then calls the town operator to have her call and warn each of the neighbors, and she runs to the Radley house and yells at the house to warn them. She is very proactive in making sure that anyone who could come in contact with Tim Johnson stays away. 

Atticus comes directly home, gets his gun, and much to the surprise of Jem and Scout, shoots Tim Johnson. Although Atticus shoots the dog and "saves" everyone, it is really Calpurnia who kept everyone from harm by warning them.

How does the Wife of Bath's Tale (prologue included) uphold AND destroy the typical mysogynistic view of women during this time? What are...

Chaucer's Wife of Bath is an amazing character, especially considering the time period in which Chaucer created her. Her bold frankness is surprising for a woman—this attitude by itself defies the misogynistic tendencies of the Medieval era. As she relates her views in her prologue, we also see how she is the victim of unfair treatment from her husbands. Her movements are restricted, she is expected to behave according to the strictly defined rules of “proper behavior,” and she is even physically abused. The Wife is not submissive, however, and in every case she fights back with guile, learning how to fool and manipulate her husbands through sex and misdirection.

In her tale, a young woman is raped by a knight, something that the knight probably expected to get away with—another unfortunate form of misogyny, and one that continues today. This time, the man gets his comeuppance when he is forced to marry an old woman and acquiesce all marital authority to her.

We see the women in this part of Canterbury Tales are both victims and perpetrators. We can only wonder how this part of the poem would have been received if it had been penned by a woman instead of a man, but alas, women were rarely given the opportunity to express themselves artistically at that time—yet another example of gender inequality that has only recently begun to fade.

Give the location and features of North America.

North America is the third largest continent on Earth and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean on the west side, the Arctic Ocean on the north side and the Atlantic Ocean on the east side. This continent is home to the United States, Canada, Mexico and a number of other smaller countries. This continent is situated in the Northern Hemisphere (north of the equator) and the western hemisphere, above the continent of South America. Almost all of this continent is situated on the same tectonic plate, the North American Plate. 

This continent is home to about 7.5% of the population of the world and covers about 16.5% of the world's land area. This region is rich in resources and diverse in geographical features. This continent is home to the Great Lakes and the San Andreas Fault. There are numerous rivers (including the Mississippi, Columbia, Colorado, etc.), mountains (including the Rocky Mountains, Cascade Range, etc.). The continent witnesses extremely cold weather in Alaska and parts of Canada, while very warm weather is observed in coastal cities, such as Los Angeles.

The continent is also home to some of the most famous universities (such as Harvard, Stanford, Princeton, Yale, McGill, etc.) and some of the best research facilities in the world. 

Hope this helps. 

Which immigrant became one of the richest men in the world from his domination in the steel industry?

The answer to this question is Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie, who was born in Scotland, emigrated to the United States and settled in Pennsylvania with his family in his teens. He found employment as a teenager working as a telegraph operator, a trade that eventually brought him into the employment of a prominent local railroad magnate. He worked his way up through this industry, investing his considerable earnings in a diverse portfolio that eventually came to include steel. Carnegie used both innovative technology and business practices to become one of the nation's largest steel manufacturers in the aftermath of the Civil War. By the 1880s, Carnegie Steel had, by controlling the supply chain for the production of steel, gained a near-monopoly on the industry. By 1901, when he sold his firm to financier J.P. Morgan, Carnegie was among the world's richest men. He devoted much of the rest of his life to endowing money on various causes, especially public lending libraries--he had always credited his passion for reading and self-education (and the fact that he had benefactors willing to share their books with him) as the key to his success. His immigrant origins made him an archetypal "rags to riches" story, even if his ruthless business practices and unsympathetic stance toward labor have added a layer of complexity to his story.

What characteristics do Rikki-tikki-tavi, Nag and Nagaina display in "Rikki-tikki-tavi"?

All three of these characters are determined to protect their territory and the ones they love.

Although they are enemies, Nag, Nagaina, and Rikki do have a lot in common. They are all persistent, deadly, and courageous. Each of them is fighting for something so important that he or she is willing to die for it.

Rikki is the mongoose who washes up in the bungalow’s garden. He has been taught by his mother that being a house mongoose is what all mongooses aspire to. Rikki also knows that hunting snakes is part of a mongoose’s job. The mongoose eats the snakes, but this also protects the people from the snakes that may target them. Rikki is not afraid to do his job.

Nag and Nagaina know mongooses well. They are wary of Rikki because they are sure that he will prove a threat to them sooner or later. They try to strike first, to scare him off. This doesn’t work well because it’s impossible to frighten a mongoose.

Nag was thinking to himself, and watching the least little movement in the grass behind Rikki-tikki. He knew that mongooses in the garden meant death sooner or later for him and his family, but he wanted to get Rikki-tikki off his guard.

Nag’s trick to try to distract Rikki so Nagaina can get him doesn’t work. Rikki is quick too. Nag and Nagaina have each other, and they can work together. Rikki is able to work with others too. He uses Darzee and even Chuchundra to accomplish his ends.

Nag and Nagaina have a set of baby cobras. After Nag is killed by Rikki, Nagaina’s goal is to protect them. She is brave, even though she is grieving. She knows that Rikki is dangerous and she has no help, but she goes after him anyway. She tries to get Rikki to let her go.

Nagaina saw that she had lost her chance of killing Teddy, and the egg lay between Rikki-tikki's paws. "Give me the egg, Rikki-tikki. Give me the last of my eggs, and I will go away and never come back,'' she said, lowering her hood.

Nagaina may be a little afraid, but she is mostly thinking of her baby. She tries to appeal to Rikki’s sense of decency and get him to let her keep it, but when he doesn’t she fights him.

All three of these animals are engaging in a fight to the death over territory. They all feel that they have a right to the garden. Rikki is protecting the people, and Nag and Nagaina are protecting their family. In the end, they all fight well, but Rikki wins.

What is the big question Jared Diamond wants to answer?

In Guns, Germs and Steel Jared Diamond wants to know why wealthy, technologically sophisticated, industrialized societies developed first in Europe rather than in other parts of the world. Yali, a New Guinean friend of his, put the question like this: "Why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?" Variations on this question have been explored by scholars for the last two centuries with various answers being put forward. These answers include the superiority of European genetics, the influence of the Graeco-Roman tradition, the impact of the Judaeo-Christian tradition (or sometimes specifically the Protestant tradition), and the relatively plural societies of the west. Diamond largely rejects many of these answers in favor of geographic and ecological factors. This question is important because of the impact the development of guns, germs and steel had on the global imperialism practiced by several European states.

What are four major issues and events that George Washington made during his presidency?

There were several major issues and events during George Washington’s presidency. One of them was developing a plan to pay the national debt. In order for other countries to have faith in our financial system, we needed to repay our debts. Alexander Hamilton, the Secretary of the Treasury, developed a plan that had some controversy. The government would combine the state and national debt. This angered states that had already paid their debts. The government also redeemed old Revolutionary War bonds at face value. This benefited northern speculators and hurt those who sold their bonds at much less than face value. A compromise was reached to pass the plan. Our capital would move to the South to Washington, D.C. from New York City.

Another issue was dealing with Great Britain. They were interfering with our trade and wouldn’t leave the Ohio Valley. As a result of Jay’s Treaty, these issues were resolved through diplomacy. The British agreed to let us trade in the West Indies. They also agreed to leave the Ohio Valley.

Spain was also causing problems for us. They wouldn’t let us use the Mississippi River. They also wouldn’t let us store goods at New Orleans. Using the Mississippi River and storing goods at New Orleans were critical to the success of western farmers. Washington again used diplomacy to solve these issues. Pinckney’s Treaty was signed that allowed us to use the Mississippi River and store goods at New Orleans. This treaty also established the boundary with Florida.

A fourth issue was dealing with Native American attacks. The Native Americans weren’t happy with our expansion onto their lands. As a result of these attacks, Anthony Wayne led our soldiers at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. We defeated the Native Americans and signed the Treaty of Greenville. As a result of this treaty, the Native Americans moved west.

With a country as young as our country was, President Washington had to deal with several issues. His skillful leadership was on display as he handled these issues successfully.

In "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" the reader is shifted from a distant perspective to a more intimate closeness to the subject. Give an...

"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" begins with a description of a walk through the streets of an unnamed city in the evening--after dark. This description continues from line 2 to line 22. The next section seems to switch to the internal environment, the thinking of Prufrock, and yet it is phrased in the second person: "the faces that you meet," "drop a question on your plate." So far the poem has kept us at a distance from how Prufrock is feeling. That all changes at line 38 with the question "Do I dare?" and even more so at line 40 where he mentions "a bald spot in the middle of my hair." Now the pronoun "you" is replaced with "I," and the rest of the poem gives us a very intimate view of Prufrock's deepest insecurities. Those include his thin arms and legs, his "slightly bald" head, his advancing age, how he should comb his hair, and even his ability to "eat a peach." Beyond insecurities about his physical condition, though, we are also brought close enough to know the deep questions that trouble Prufrock, including whether his date will laugh at and misunderstand his conversation, his fear of dying, and his conviction that his best days are behind him, and they didn't amount to much. So although the poem starts out keeping the reader at a distance, it soon invites the reader into the fascinating and poignant inner sanctum of J. Alfred Prufrock's heart. 

In order to convince Juror 8 of the defendant's guilt, the jurors decide to discuss the facts of the case. What do Jurors 4, 8, and 9 think about...

In Twelve Angry Men, twelve jurors deliberate a murder case, seeking to come to a unanimous decision about whether the boy on trial is guilty of killing his father. Juror 8 begins by saying he doesn't know if the boy is guilty but feels that the jurors owe it to him to discuss his case thoroughly. Some points of evidence he brings up are:

• The murder weapon was a switchblade knife that had a supposedly unique appearance, yet Juror 8 was able to purchase one that looks just like it. He brings it out during the deliberations to the surprise of the other jurors.


• The man in the neighboring apartment testified he heard the boy shout, "I'll kill you!" at his father just before the murder, but by comparing his testimony to that of the other witness, Juror 8 determines the man would have had to hear that shout over the sound of a passing el train, which he and other jurors believe would be impossible.


• The old man also testified that he saw the boy rushing downstairs, but Juror 8 re-enacts the timing of the shout and how long it would have taken the man, who dragged one foot, to get to the door. The timing casts doubt on the man's testimony.

Juror 4 is a very logical stockbroker. He finds most convincing two pieces of evidence: that the boy's alibi was flimsy because he could not remember the names of the movies he had seen at the time the murder was taking place, and the woman who lived across the el tracks said she witnessed the murder through the windows of the passing el train. He eventually comes to doubt the testimony of the eyewitness and realizes that stress could have caused the boy to forget the names of the films.

Juror 9, an elderly gentleman who is the second to vote "not guilty," seems less concerned with facts than feelings; nevertheless, his keen powers of observation become useful in damaging the reliability of the two key witnesses in the case. He notices that the elderly man wears a tattered coat and assumes this is the first chance he has had in his life to be really listened to, possibly causing him to embellish the importance of his role in the case. Juror 9 is also the one who remembers the eyewitness as having "those marks on the side of her nose" that could only be caused by glasses, suggesting that she would not have been able to observe the murder happening from so far away. He suggests her vanity kept her from wearing her glasses when she testified so that the attorneys did not think to pursue her eyesight as an issue.

What is the significance of the R-groups in fibrous proteins?

Fibrous proteins, like all proteins, are made of amino acids. Amino acids are composed of the following parts: a central carbon, and amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R-group. The R-group is what distinguishes one amino acid from the other. The R-groups in the fibrous proteins is also what provide the forces that maintain the proteins’ structures.

Examples of how R-groups may contribute to the shape of a protein are identified below.

• R-groups may contain polar hydrogens that result in hydrogen bonding within and between polypeptide chains. Similarly, two adjacent R-groups that each contain cysteine may form a disulfide bridge via oxidation.


• The R-groups may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The way in which these R-groups interact with their aqueous environments is a huge contributor in the shape that a protein becomes. Hydrophilic R-groups that have charged or polar R-groups tend to orient themselves outward, whereas hydrophobic R-groups tend to orient themselves inward.

Why can't the Indians and the British be friends?

In A Passage to India, Forster suggests that culture clash is one reason why Indians and the British cannot be friends.

Life in Chandrapore is filled with colliding values between Indians and the British.  Neither side is able to overcome the differences that exist.  Turton speaks to the challenges when both sides try to befriend the other one socially: "I have never known anything but disaster result when English people and Indians attempt to be intimate socially." Many of the English who have settled in India refuse to see their role as being hospitable. When Ronny Heaslop expresses sentiments such as "India is not home" and "we don't intend to be pleasant. We've something more important to do," it reflects the British perception of their role in India.  The British are not interested in making lasting connections with Indians.  They are more concerned with consolidating their power over the land and its people.   

Resentment over being subjugated is the reason why the Indians cannot befriend the British.  For example, Mahmoud Ali and Amritrao are convinced that their happiness is only possible when the British leave India. The congeniality that Aziz offers towards many of the British, and in particular, to Fielding, might be a chance of friendship.  However, he is unable to overcome the humiliation and pain of living under British rule.  Aziz cannot relinquish the anger he feels over what happened to him in Chandrapore.  The symbolism of this is evident in the ending of the novel when the Earth seems to divide Fielding and Aziz from being close to one another.  When Fielding offers his friendship, it is almost as if the world, one filled with Anglo-Indian strife, refuses: “No, not yet, and the sky said, No, not there.”  Forster suggests that as long as both sides cling to the clash of cultures that defines India under British rule, friendship is impossible to achieve.

Does the mass increase if you add magnesium to copper sulphate solution?

When magnesium is added to copper sulfate there's no overall change in mass. The mass of the solution after combining the two will be the sum of the mass of the magnesium and the mass of the copper sulfate solution. According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, matter is neither created nor destroyed so the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. 

The following redox reaction will take place:

`Mg_(s) + CuCl_2_(aq) -> Cu_(s) + MgCl_2_(aq)`

The solid magnesium metal turns into soluble magnesium ion in solution. This might give the impression that it disappears but that's not the case, the mass doesn't change. Similarly, the appearance of solid copper metal from copper ion that was in solution might make you think new atoms are appearing when copper was present in the ionic form the whole time.

Discuss Erikson's stages of development.

Erikson’s psycho-social development has eight stages. The stages feature conflicts between the individual’s psychological needs and societal demands. Successful completion of each stage equips an individual with the necessary traits to adequately deal with conflicts in the following stages. He further suggested that failures in previous stages may be corrected in future stages of development.

Erikson’s eight stages of development occur successively throughout an individual’s life as follows;

Trust vs. mistrust stage occurs during infancy between the age of 0 and 1.5 years. In this stage, the infant would make connections between the consistency, predictability and reliability of care received from the caregiver in order to develop trust in the environment around them. The type of care provided would eliminate the uncertainties inherent in the infant with regards to the world around them. The stage if successfully completed is expected to yield hope emanating from an increased sense of trust. Unsuccessful completion of the stage leads to a heightened sense of mistrust in the individual.

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage occur between the ages of 18 months and three years. The child at this stage begins to assert their independence. At this stage, the parent is required to allow the child to explore their abilities in a supportive environment. The parent should take a step back and allow the child to perform the selected activity until they succeed or ask for help. Successful completion of this stage yields will and a heightened sense of survival and independence. Unsuccessful completion of the stage leads to an individual who is overly dependent, with a heightened sense of shame or doubt in their abilities.

Initiative vs. guilt stage occurs between the ages of three and five. The child increasingly affirms their participation in selected activities and develops relations with others. The child begins to experiment with their limits and boundaries by challenging the caregiver/s. Successful completion of this stage results in a heightened sense of purpose. Unsuccessful completion of this stage leads to slow interaction with others.

Industry vs. inferiority stage occurs between the ages of 5 and 12 years. The child establishes the need to fit in the society through demonstrating certain skills. Successful completion of this stage results in a heightened sense of competence in relation to their abilities. Unsuccessful completion yields a sense of inferiority and the child does not feel good enough for their society.

Identity vs. role confusion stage occurs between the ages of 12 and 18years. The child transitions to adulthood and becomes aware of the roles they want to play in their adult future. They begin to shape their identities in relation to their society. Successful completion results in a sense of fidelity. Unsuccessful completion of this stage leads to an identity crisis.

Intimacy vs. isolation stage occurs between the ages of 18 and 40 years. The individual begins to intimately relate to others. Success in this stage leads to the development of the virtue of love. Failure, on the other hand, leads to isolation because the individual avoids intimacy and commitment.

Generativity vs. stagnation stage occurs between the ages of 40 and 65 years. The individual settles within their relationships and new families. The stage features an increased need to participate in social activities. This develops the virtue of care in the individual.

Ego integrity vs. despair stage occurs past the age of 65. During this stage, the individual evaluates their life achievements. The individual is satisfied with their life id they establish that they have achieved a significant chunk of their goals. Successful completion of this stage yields the virtue of wisdom. Failure on the other hand, leads to a state of desperation in the individual.

Jane Austen takes the view-point of her heroines. Examine the validity of this statement with reference to Emma.

Jane Austen does not take the viewpoint of her heroine in the novel Emma. The novel is a comic study of point of view. The heroine, Emma, gets everything wrong. Austen tricks the reader into identifying with Emma and believing what she believes in the case of Frank Churchill--or, in an opposite case, the comedy plays on the audience seeing how disastrously wrong Emma is in steering Harriet away from Robert Martin, the honest farmer, and toward the pretentious Mr. Elton. The novel plays on the slippage between what Emma believes--her own comic misreading of events--and what Austen, the author, knows to be true. It's been called the first mystery novel, in that Austen leaves ample clues for the reader (and Emma) as to what's really going on, but we and she miss them--the joke is on us. As Virginia Woolf says, Austen wrote with laughter in her voice. 

It's important too to remember that a frame for the novel is A Midsummer's Night Dream, Shakespeare's comic study of mishaps and misunderstandings in love. We know this play is a frame, because Emma quotes (or misquotes) a line from the play: "the course of true love never did run smooth" and because an important plot point takes place on Midsummer's day during the strawberry picking party at Donwell (of course, Emma misses the real action). With that frame in mind, it's easier to see the small village of Highbury as the enchanted woods of Shakespeare's play, a place of comic mix-ups, but because of Emma's misreadings of events, not because of faeries and sprites.

Pride and Prejudice is the Austen novel closest to Emma in its study of a lead character, Elizabeth Bennet, who is blinded by prejudice into misreading Mr. Darcy... and Charlotte ... and Wickham. 

Both novels invite readers to question what they believe and why, in novels and in life. Looking particularly at Emma, we see how she is blinded by her own limitations-- for example, she has never been farther than a few miles from her hometown of Highbury--in addition, she has been flattered, fawned on, treated as if she is special, and encouraged to over-value her own judgment, and she has a vested interest in reading events in ways that align with her own ego gratification and desires. As her desires blind us, Austen suggests that all our viewpoints are skewed and unreliable, and cautions that have to be careful what we believe.

What did Della sell to get the $20.00 she needed to buy her husband's present?

Della had beautiful brown hair. Most women in her day let their hair grow very long and had to pin it up in a sort of bouffant style. Della was proud not only of the rich quality of her hair but of its length. O. Henry describes the length as follows:

So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her, rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. 

She must have spent many hours caring for her hair. Washing it would be a big project, and then letting it dry would take a long time because there were no hair dryers in those days. But most women spent their time at home except when they went shopping. There was a common saying that "A woman's place is in the home." Women also wore dresses that covered them from their necks down to their ankles and had sleeves that covered their arms down to their wrists. The hair and the clothing restricted their movements and seemed to symbolize their domestic confinement and servitude.

Della makes a great sacrifice when she sells her hair. O. Henry describes the transaction in a way intended to show how she must have been feeling. The woman who buys her hair is inconsiderate and rude. Madame Sofronie can turn on her fake Old World charm with people who buy her wigs and toupees, but she makes up for it when she is dealing with hair sellers rather than hair buyers. 

O. Henry spends many words describing Della's beautiful long hair in order to emphasize the stark contrast after she has been scalped. She has traded one problem for another. She wanted to buy Jim a present, but now she is afraid she will lose his love when he sees her.

Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically. 

It turns out that Jim has also made a sacrifice. He has sold his treasured gold watch. But this is Della's story. Jim is only a minor character who comes in at the end. People will always remember "The Gift of the Magi" as a story about a young woman who sold her hair to buy her husband a present for Christmas.

Who is the main character in Wintergirls? What is she like physically? What is her personality like?

The novel Wintergirls by Laurie Halse Anderson is narrated by the main character, Lia Overbrook. She is an 18-year-old girl, a senior in high school, and has been anorexic since middle school, when she made a bet with her best friend Cassie over who could become the skinniest girl in the school. As the years went on, Cassie and Lia both strengthened and hurt one another by this wager. The wager and the secret of their eating disorders kept them close and allowed them to confide in one another. At the same time, they were supporting each other's self-destruction. 

Lia's physical appearance is slight, and very, very skinny. For most of the novel, she weighs less than 100 pounds. As a result of her lack of body fat, she is constantly cold, bundling up in lots of layers and bulky clothing. These clothes serve the dual purpose of hiding how much weight she's lost from her family (who are constantly worried about her and urging her to seek help) and keep her body warm.

To most readers who have wanted to be slimmer, Lia's wardrobe seems odd. Why lose all that weight if not to show off your body? The answer to that question gets at some more of Lia's psyche. For one thing, Lia does not see herself as thin. Even when she can count her ribs, she remains disgusted by her body, imagining globs of fat clinging to her body, picturing herself as far larger than she is. Secondly, her physical appearance is only a small part of why she is anorexic. Most of the disease is a psychological problem.

According to WebMD, 

"Certain needs, fears, family dynamics, and ways of communicating, thinking, and feeling put a person at greater risk of developing an eating disorder such as anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating. Some of these include:

• Low self-esteem.


• Difficulty communicating negative emotions, such as anger, sadness, or fear.


• Difficulty dealing with conflict.


• A need to please others.


• Perfectionism or always striving to be the best at whatever he or she does.


• A need to be in control.


• A need for attention.


• Troubled relationship with parents (although it may seem that the relationship is close).


• Problems separating from or being independent of the family.


• High expectations from family.


• Fear or ambivalence about growing up or developing sexually—including changes to the body during puberty.


• Struggles or fears with demands to be more independent and self-sufficient.


• Problems with identity—not certain of who he or she is or where he or she is going in life.

However irrational, an eating disorder brings a sense of identity, achievement, and power to certain people who have these personality traits."

Several of these traits fit with Lia. Because her eating disorder develops after her parents' divorce, it could be seen as what she does to cope with the emotional confusion and pain of her family breaking up. While her family life and her parents' choices are out of her power, her eating is something she can control completely. In addition, she is able to keep her parents' love and attention on her due to the disorder, something that many children of divorced parents fear losing.   

Readers can also clearly see the perfectionist in Lia when she talks about her body and anorexia. While coming up with her next goal weight, she says, "This body has a different metabolism. This body hates dragging around the chains they wrap around it. Proof? At 099.00 I think clearer, look better, feel stronger. When I reach the next goal, it will be all that, and more" (p. 52). "099.00" doesn't represent a certain way of looking for Lia—it's a goal that promises much, much more. She is absolutely success-driven and goal-oriented—excellent traits that are focused on one of the worst activities imaginable.  

Lia also reveals through her narration how much of her sense of worth is tied up in staying thin. It isn't just about looking good—it's about being good, for her. The mantra that runs through her head demonstrates this: "stupid/ugly/stupid/bitch/stupid/fat/stupid/baby/stupid/loser/stupid/lost." Lia doesn't just hate her body—she hates everything about herself. Striving to be thin is one way to combat that self-hatred. 

In "Contents of the Dead Man's Pocket" the events are told in chronological order, but on page 13, Tom and the reader are shocked to discover that...

Have you ever had a heart-racing moment of excitement when you're so hyper-aware that time seems to slow down? This is the phenomenon that Jack Finney is trying to reflect in "Contents of the Dead Man's Pocket." One of the reasons this story is often anthologized is because of its sequential nature (if you're a fast reader, it's almost like you're experiencing the events with Tom Benecke, the protagonist, in real time).

There are several stylistic features that Finney uses in his writing to make time crawl. One is an extreme level of specific detail. For example, when Tom's papers initially fly out the window, Finney writes,

"Turning, [Tom] saw a sheet of white paper drifting to the floor in a series of arcs, and another sheet, yellow, moving toward the window, caught in the dying current flowing through the narrow opening. As he watched, the paper struck to the bottom edge of the window and hung there for an instant, plastered against the glass and wood. Then as the moving air stilled completely, the curtains swinging back from the wall to hang free again, he saw the yellow sheet drop to the window ledge and slide over out of sight."

In this scene and throughout the entire story, Finney provides many sensory details to the reader, so that we can mentally put ourselves in Tom's shoes. Through the extensive description, we hear the noises of the city, see glimpses of the neighbors through their apartment windows, and read about Tom's inner monologue as he struggles to make it back inside his apartment without falling to his death. Just like in real-life, Tom's near-death experience causes him to be hyper-aware of his surroundings and situations.

One of the other methods that Finney uses to make time "slow down" within the prose is his careful detailing of cause and effect. Each decision and action that Tom makes causes a new set of complications. He opens the window (which sticks), and when his wife leaves (leaving him alone), the draft from the door blows his paper out the window (inciting event). Then, he decides to climb out onto the ledge to retrieve his paper. In doing so he looks down, which causes vertigo, and as he scrambles back to the window, he accidentally pulls the window (which sticks) shut when he slips, trapping him outside. This pattern of cause and effect continues until the climax of him breaking the window to get back inside. So much happens in such a short amount of time that the prose is almost longer than reality, but it seems that Finney's goal was to capture this sequence in real time so that readers could almost experience it live, as if they were Tom.

Analyze and explain Macbeth's development over the course of the play. Based on the change in his character, what is Shakespeare's message to the...

Macbeth's transition from a loyal and valiant subject into a traitorous, murderous tyrant conveys the idea that even someone who seems virtuous and good can be corrupted by ambition and pride. 

He begins the play as "brave Macbeth" who courageously fights and bests a rebel army bigger than his own (1.2.18).  When he hears from the Weird Sisters that he will become Thane of Cawdor and king, and then is named Cawdor, he hopes that the bigger title might just fall into his lap like the smaller one did.  He says, "If chance will have me king, why chance may / crown me / without my stir" (1.3.157-159). 

However, once Duncan names his son, Malcolm, as his heir, Macbeth realizes that he will either have to give up his aspiration for the crown or do something underhanded to get it.  Here, he says, "Stars hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires. / The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be / Which they eye fears, when it is done, to see" (1.4.57-60).  He asks the stars to hide their light so that no one will see the terrible things he's thinking.  He will not let his eye watch his hand, but he is still going to do the thing that would make his eye afraid to look.  In other words, he's resolved to kill Duncan, even though he knows it is wrong.

Once he and Lady Macbeth have finalized their regicidal plan, Macbeth lists a great many reasons he has not to go through with the murder.  However, he has one reason to go on.  He says, "I have no spur / To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition [...]" (1.7.25-27).  His ambition overshadows everything else.  Almost. 

When Lady Macbeth enters, he tells her, "We will proceed no further in this business" (1.7.34).  Macbeth is sensible of all that he owes Duncan and has decided not to continue in their plan.  However, when Lady Macbeth repeatedly insults his masculinity, calling him a "coward" and insisting that he is not a man unless he goes through with it, he relents.  Ultimately, and for this reason, I believe it is his pride that -- when added to his ambition -- makes possible the tragedy of this tale.

The play isn't called The Tragedy of Duncan; it's The Tragedy of Macbeth.  This means that the titular character is a tragic one.  If he is simply evil from the outset, then there is no real tragedy.  Instead, the tragedy is that this once-great man was corrupted by pride and ambition to become a veritable monster by the play's end.

Use the following recipe to double, half, and make a single cookie. 2/3 cup (1 1/3 sticks) unsalted butter room temperature 3/4 cup granulated...

To double this recipe, you would need the following ingredients:

• 1 1/3 cup (2 2/3 sticks) unsalted butter room temperature


• 1 1/2 cup granulated sugar


• 1/2 cup firmly-packed dark brown sugar


• 2 large eggs, room temperature


• 2 teaspoon vanilla extract


• 3 1/2 cups sifted all-purpose flour


• 1 teaspoon baking soda


• 1 teaspoon kosher salt 


• 2 6-ounce packages semisweet chocolate chips

To halve this recipe, you would need the following ingredients:

• 1/3 cup (2/3 stick) unsalted butter room temperature


• 3/8 cup granulated sugar


• 1/8 cup firmly-packed dark brown sugar


• 1 small egg, room temperature (or beat a large egg, and remove half or one ounce)


• 1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract


• 1 3/4 cups sifted all-purpose flour (Place 1 3/4 cups of flour in a bowl and estimate half to be included in the recipe, unless you have an 875/1000 cup in your measuring cup collection)(or weigh 3.72 ounces)


• 1/4 teaspoon baking soda


• 1/4 teaspoon kosher salt 


• 1/2 6-ounce package semisweet chocolate chips

To make one cookie, (which would be nearly impossible), you would need the following ingredients:
(Assuming a 50-cookie yield from the original recipe)

• 13/100 cup unsalted butter room temperature


• 3/20 cup granulated sugar


• 1/200 cup firmly-packed dark brown sugar


• Vigorously beat one large egg, remove .04 ounces and add to the bowl


• 1/50 (or .003 ounces) teaspoon vanilla extract


• 35/1000 cups sifted all-purpose flour


• 1/100 teaspoon baking soda


• 1/100 teaspoon kosher salt 


• 1/50 cup semisweet chocolate chips

In A Raisin in the Sun, how has the Younger family changed since moving into the new house?

In the play A Raisin in the Sun, we never actually get to see the Younger family in their new house. However, based on some of the ending dialogue and actions of Act III, we can make some predictions about how their life has changed and will continue to change once in the new home.

Towards the end of Act III, Lindner returns to the Younger’s apartment in order to settle with the Younger family so that they do not move into the house in the all-white neighborhood. Convinced that Walter was going to accept the deal, the Younger family listened with disappoint as Walter said (575):

“And we have decided to move into our house because my father - my father - he earned it for us brick by brick. We don’t want to make no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, we will try to be good neighbors. And that’s all we got to say about that. We don’t want your money.”

This single piece of dialogue leads us to believe that the differences that the Younger family had throughout the play have now subsided as Walter has put his dream and his disappointment aside in order to fulfill the dream of others in the family. In solidarity, Beneatha and Mama reaffirm what Walter said by saying, “That’s what the man said” and “I’m afraid you don’t understand. My son said we was going to move and there ain’t nothing left for me to say,” respectively (575). Once bitter towards Walter for his selfish decisions, both Beneatha and Mama are now proud to stand next to Walter in his manly decision.

The only ominous tone at the end of the play comes from Lindner, who with shock, declares, “I sure hope you people know what you’re getting into” (576).

After a beat, Ruth motivates everyone to get up and get moving, continuing the theme of family solidarity. Beneatha talks with Mama about how Asagai asked her to marry him and move to Africa, to which Mama responds, “You ain’t old enough to marry nobody” (576). This is quite different from the interest Mama had in her love life in the beginning of the play.

Once most of the Youngers are out of the apartment, Mama said to Ruth, referring to Walter, “He finally came into his manhood today, didn’t he?” (577). Mama can now feel confident that she has raised a son that will be able to take care of his family.

Mama shows signs of being sad to leave the apartment, and she is actually the last one to go. She leaves once, but abruptly returns to grab her plant and take it along with her into the new house. The symbol of the plant reminds us that the family will need constant care and nurturing, but within the right environment, they will prosper.

**Please note that the page numbers are coming from a textbook in which the play appears. Actual page numbers may differ; however, all quotes are from the end of Act III.**

What quotes show how Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman didn't support his son Biff with the career and life he wanted on a ranch?

One of the quotes that show Willy's disappointment at Biff's choice of moving West to work at a ranch come in Act 1, after Happy and Biff discover, through Linda, that Willy has been acting irrationally, and that he is suicidal.  Willy joins the argument with an ironic statement about Biff going to the West that is meant to show rejection instead of acceptance.

As a dysfunctional family, rather than facing the problem head on, Linda and her sons talk about the topic by placing blame on one another. Happy makes an account of every single time Biff had failed at a job due to asinine reasons, such as whistling in an elevator, or taking off work just to go swimming. 

Biff's response is defensive, arguing back and forth with Happy. Biff also says that Willy is a fake and that he does not belong in the business world; that people think that he is crazy, anyways. In comes Willy, who also argues with Biff:

WILLY: I never in my life whistled in an elevator! And who in the business world thinks I’m crazy?

BIFF: I didn’t mean it like that, Pop. Now don’t make a whole thing out of it, will ya?

WILLY: Go back to the West! Be a carpenter, a cowboy, enjoy yourself!

Another quote comes later, when Happy and Biff are planning to see Bill Oliver in hopes that he would lend Biff money to start a business. Willy is excited to hear the news and prepares Biff to speak to Oliver about his previous work experience. He also gives him advice on how to act during the interview. Here, Willy says,

WILLY (unable to resist): ...if anything falls off the desk while you’re talking to [Oliver] — like a package or something — don’t you pick it up. They have office boys for that.

LINDA: I’ll make a big breakfast...

WILLY: Will you let me finish? (To Biff.) Tell him you were in the business in the West. Not farm work.

BIFF: All right, Dad.

These are two examples that show that Willy was not at all supportive of Biff's farm work. Even though love of nature is one common trait that all Loman's share, Willy prefers to suppress it, and make his children do the same, in order to chase after dreams of making money. 

What happens after the anthem in The Hunger Games?

After the anthem plays, the images of the dead appear in the sky.

During the Hunger Games, the anthem is played each night.  After the anthem is played, the cannon goes off and a picture of the tributes who died that day appears in the sky for all of the others to see.  That way they can keep track of their competition.

Night has just come when I hear the anthem that proceeds the death recap. Through the branches I can see the seal of the Capitol, which appears to be floating in the sky. … I take a deep breath as the faces of the eleven dead tributes begin and tick them off one by one on my fingers. (Ch. 11)

The purpose of the anthem and the pictures is to remind everyone of the stakes of the game and how many players are left.  It is a macabre display, and is intended to frighten the remaining tributes while it entertains those watching at home.

Katniss uses the anthem several times to cover noise she is making, and to determine who is alive and who isn’t.  For example, when the dogs drag off Cato she realizes that he is not dead yet because she doesn’t hear the cannon and see his picture.

Night falls and the anthem plays and there’s no picture of Cato in the sky, only the faint moans coming through the metal beneath us. The icy air blowing across the plain reminds me that the Games are not over and may not be for who knows how long, and there is still no guarantee of victory. (Ch. 25)

Even though Katniss and Peeta are the only ones to survive the games, at the last minute an announcement is made that says that two winners are no longer allowed.  This means that one is supposed to kill the other.  However, Katniss is not willing to kill Peeta.  She chooses to use the poisoned berries she found to blackmail the Capital into making them both winners by threatening to commit dual suicide.

The anthem and cannons are just another mind game played on the tributes.  Although it is useful information to know who died on a given day and how many competitors are left, the gruesome display serves to entertain the masses and terrorize the participants.

What is the Greeks' view about destiny in light of Oedipus Rex by Sophocles?

The ancient Greeks believed that destiny was determined at birth by the Fates--three sister gods who controlled each person's life and death. Gods ruled over the fate of each Greek, and there was nothing he/she could do to change it. Sophocles portrayed this belief in Oedipus Rex. When the audience reads that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother, they are shocked and do not believe that this is possible. Likewise, Oedipus does not believe it because he thinks the parents who raised him ARE indeed his parents. It is not until much later in the story that Oedipus becomes enlightened as to whom his biological parents are. Of course, eventually every one of the Oracle's prophecies come true because Oedipus' fate and the fate of those around him were pre-determined long ago. 

Why do you think we find black holes at the center of galaxies and not on the arms?

Black holes are celestial objects that are characterized by extremely high density (mass per unit volume) and exceptionally high gravitational pull. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that not even light can escape it and hence the name 'black hole'. A black hole is the final life stage of a massive star. To put things in perspective, our own Sun may end up as a black hole of less than 6 km diameter. All the mass of Sun would still be there, giving it immense density and the gravitational pull would remain the same. 

The exceptionally high gravity of a black hole allows it to pull other objects towards it and hence would lie in a region of a lot of matter and gases. The centers of galaxies are ideal for that purpose, since they will contain much more matter than their peripheries. If a massive or super black hole is at the arms of a galaxy, it would start pulling everything towards it, which may cause a number of stars and other celestial bodies to rotate around it (and ultimately fall into it) and the arm would no longer remain the same. This may cause the shape of the galaxy to be distorted and a new center may form around this super black hole. Thus, black holes are ideally situated at or around the center of the galaxies.

Hope this helps.

Where did the troops stay in the book Chains?

The Quartering Act of 1765 required the colonists to provide housing and shelter to the British soldiers.  While this act did not require colonists to house soldiers in their private homes, public accommodations were to be provided at the expense of the colonies.  While the Patriots would have liked colonists to believe that British soldiers were ripping people from their beds and sleeping in their bedrooms, this simply did not happen.  Often times, the British could count on private citizens in the colonies to provide housing for them.  These people were known as loyalists.  In the book Chains, the Lockton's are very accommodating to the British soldiers fighting in the war, especially while in Charleston.  The book also makes mention of Lady Seymour housing Hessian (German) soldiers in her home.  From the book, the reader understands that there were powerful factions within the colonies that wished for a British victory in the war and were willing to provide for soldiers in their own homes to ensure this victory. 

In Animal Farm, what promise does Animalism hold for the animals? Does it sound like a good thing? What does it represent?

Animalism offers the animals a utopian existence. A life free from slavery, exploitation and abuse. Essentially, it offers them a life liberated from the tyranny of man. The concept is based on the principles of freedom, equality and brotherhood. Each animal will have the same rights and privileges as any other animal. All animals will be equal and no one animal will be superior to another.

The basic principles of Animalism were contained in Old Major's speech when he addressed the animals and shared the dream he had with them. In essence, he told the gathering that Man was their greatest enemy and that if they should be rid of him, the produce of their labour would belong to them and they would become wealthy and free. He urged the animals to prepare for rebellion and be finally rid of Man's oppression. 

When Old Major taught the animals the lyrics of a song, "Beasts of England," which had come back to him in his dream, it becomes clear how grand a life without humans would be. The song promises 'a golden future time.' that 'the fruitful fields of England shall be trod by beats alone.' All forms of repression and abuse shall disappear and there will be more than enough produce for all to share. The song also urges all the animals to work towards their ideal.

After the Rebellion, the animals worked hard to ensure that the principles contained in Old Major's speech were established and understood. It was essential that every animal knew exactly what was required and, therefore, the pigs, who were the most intelligent and had assumed leadership, formulated seven commandments to which every animal had to adhere. The commandments were created based on the principles of Animalism and were there to ensure that the animals did not adopt Man's vices and to provide safeguards so that they would never experience such oppression ever again.

It is ironic, though, that the pigs did not share the ideals contained in Animalism. They consistently altered the rules and ensured themselves certain privileges, to the exclusion of all others. A good example of this is when they claimed the milk and windfall apples for themselves. They did not perform any physical labor and chose to supervise, instruct, and command.

The pigs eventually lived a life of exclusive privilege whilst the other animals worked even harder than they had done in Jones' time. In fact, they were worse off than before. Only the pigs were much better off. The end result was that Napoleon created a dictatorship once he had gotten rid of Snowball and anyone who challenged his authority was severely punished or even executed.

In the end, the animals could not see the difference between the pigs or the humans. Life on the farm had gone full circle. The only difference was that instead of humans being the tyrants, the pigs had now taken over that role. The other animals though, were too stupid to realise that or to remeber how things had been during Jones' time. They had also been fooled and misled so many times in the past by deception, manipulation and the savagery of the pigs that they were utterly confused and unable or too apathetic to rebel.    

I want to do a research paper on classroom management. Can you help me narrow down my topic and form some sort of question?

I do not know what subject you're interested in, so I will suggest something that is important in education, pertinent to the new teaching techniques, and applicable to all teaching subjects and styles.  That subject is diversification.  We all have different learning styles and different interests. You could ask: When you have a classroom of thirty students, how do you diversify to create an atmosphere of learning that is beneficial to all students and that can be managed successfully by the teacher? 

As an example, in the field of language arts, the teacher might be teaching the genre of historical fiction and its elements.  It may be on a specific historical period or just historical fiction in general. The students are allowed to choose the book they wish to read from a list provided by the teacher.  The teacher then divides the students into four or five groups based on the top four or five novels chosen.  The teacher determines who can work together, and what needs to be learned and then develops identical or similar assignments.  How can you handle this so that the paperwork does not overwhelm the teacher?  It is not an easy task and much more complicated than I have made it sound in this answer. This is classroom management at its best.

Explain the motivation of Jerry’s mother in “Through the Tunnel” and how her motivation advances the plot of the short story.

Jerry's mother does not want to be the smothering type; she is worried that because she is the sole parent she has been "keeping him too close" to her. So, she tries to be loving, but provide him certain freedoms.

When Jerry and his mother walk toward the customary beach one day on their vacation, she notices that Jerry looks over his shoulder, and as he plays on the "safe beach," he thinks of the other one. So, the following day when it is time for their swim, she asks Jerry if he would like to go to another spot. At first, Jerry says "no" because he does not want to hurt her feelings, but then he blurts out that he would like to explore the rocks. So, she gives her permission for Jerry to go to the other beach alone. With this action Jerry's mother provides her son the opportunity to be more independent.

Another way in which Jerry's mother affords him chances for independence is by purchasing swim goggles, and not questioning him about his reason for wanting them. Further, when she talks to Jerry, she says things "casually" without dictatorial tones. On the day that Jerry completes his rite of passage through the tunnel, he returns home and rushes into the bathroom so that his mother will not see the bloodstains or tear stains on his face. After Jerry comes out, his mother just asks him, "Have a nice morning?" and she lays her hand on his shoulder momentarily. Then, she examines him more closely and is concerned, "How did you bang your head?" When Jerry answers "Oh, just banged it," his mother catches herself, thinking,

"Oh, don't fuss! Nothing can happen. He can swim like a fish."

By catching herself, Jerry's mother allows her son to retain his sense of maturity. As a result, he volunteers information on what he has been doing, "Mummy, I can stay under water for two minutes--three minutes, at least." She affirms his accomplishment, "Can you, darling?" But, she also cautions him lightly, "Well, I shouldn't overdo it. I don't think you ought to swim any more today." 

By allowing Jerry the opportunity to make his own decisions, Jerry's mother provides her son room to mature. This freedom advances the plot because she encourages Jerry to make every effort to go through the tunnel and complete his rite of passage. Perhaps, without the trust of his mother, Jerry might not have had the perseverance to have swum through the tunnel.

Discuss the portrayal of class or social distinctions in Chapter Two of The Great Gatsby.

Chapter two of The Great Gatsby introduces us to George and Myrtle Wilson and the Valley of the Ashes. George owns a car repair shop, a place Nick describes as "unprosperous and bare." It sits in the Valley of the Ashes, an unappealing locale halfway between the end of Long Island and New York City, a place Nick refers to as a "wasteland." Nick describes George as a "spiritless man."

George, Myrtle and the Valley of the Ashes represent the lower classes, the underside of the American dream. They are a stark contrast to the wealthy Buchanans, with their grand house, servants, billowing curtains, cars, beautiful views, and polo ponies. The wealthy and entitled Tom overflows with an aggressive self-assurance, while George is meek and servile. 

George's wife, Myrtle, is Tom's mistress. She has a brash personality, but we soon see she is lower class. Her apartment, paid for by Tom, is overstuffed with nouveau riche French furniture "entirely too large for it." Myrtle reads a cheap magazine called Town Tattle, and when she changes into overly grand clothes, she puts on "mincing" airs. Finally, she tolerates it when Tom "broke her nose with her open hand." Tom has bought himself a relationship with a lower-class woman, foreshadowing his tendency to treat people as commodities.

If the momentum of an object is increased by four times, then what will be its final kinetic energy?

Momentum, or impulse (the change in momentum) of an object is its "quantity of motion." It is defined as the product of the mass `m` of an object and its velocity `V.` As such, momentum is actually a vector quantity.

When two bodies move towards one another and have a collision, the object which has a greater momentum hits harder. Also, for a closed system of bodies, momentum is conserved.

Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity which is defined as `(mV^2)/2.` It is also a measure of a quantity of a body's motion. Energy (not only kinetic but all types of energy) is also conserved in a closed system.

Now if `mV` is increased `4` times (and mass `m` remains the same), this means `V` is increased `4` times: `V_1=4V.` Therefore, kinetic energy becomes `(mV_1^2)/2=(m(4V)^2)/2=16*(mV^2)/2.`

So, we can state that kinetic energy is increased `4^2` = 16 times. This is the answer.

What town was Tree-ear in when two robbers smashed the vases he was carrying?

Tree-ear is attacked by the robbers when he reaches the city Puyo. Thinking the boy's basket may contain food, the robbers take it from him. Angry and disappointed, they smash the expensive pottery. Tree-ear is unwilling to let that disaster be the end to his mentor's dreams of being awarded a royal commission. He selects a large piece of pottery that shows Min's skill and craftsmanship and sets out to finish his journey to see Kim, the king's emissary.

Until the encounter with thieves in Puyo, Tree-ear rested and took time to eat. Once the pottery was shattered, he took off in haste as getting to Kim became more important than before. With a show of self-confidence, Tree-ear manages to meet with Kim, explain what happened, and show him the shard of pottery. Kim was impressed and gave Min the commission.

The incident at Puyo strikes me as an important element of the journey metaphor for Tree-ear's life. Craneman had told him that each journey takes "one day, one village at a time." Up until he arrived at Puyo, others were in charge of his fate and he sometimes resented Min's barking orders at him.

Confronted with possible defeat, Tree-ear grew more bold and determined as a result of the encounter with robbers at Puyo. From that point forward, his dedication to Min led toward the fulfillment of his dream -- to learn from the master potter how to make pottery.

What is the exile Kipling is talking about in his poem "The Exiles' Line"?

The exile that Rudyard Kipling is talking about in his poem “The Exiles’ Line,” is the “exile” of British people to India to serve there as colonial administrators, soldiers, or the like.  In this and other poems (notably, in “The White Man’s Burden”) Kipling talks about how difficult and how thankless the work of building an empire is.  Therefore, in this poem, he likens it to being exiled from one’s country.

Kipling liked to say that the British were going out to serve the people whose lands they conquered.  In “The White Man’s Burden,” he says that the white people must

Go bind your sons to exile

To serve your captives’ needs.

In “The Exiles’ Line,” he is using this same idea.  To him, the British have to work hard to help the people of their empire.  They have to give up their own desires and, as he emphasizes here, their own homes.  They have to live out most of their lives in foreign countries, helping people who do not appreciate them and who actually are more likely to hate them.  As he says in “The Exiles’ Line,” the British are

Bound in the wheel of Empire, one by one,

The chain-gangs of the East from sire to son,

This shows how he thinks of the empire.  He likens it to being punished on a chain gang, working hard for little or no reward.

In this poem, Kipling is talking about how the British in India feel homeless and exiled.  They have had to leave their own land to help others.  They have lost the feeling of belonging anywhere.  That is why Kipling says that these people

Come nearer home beneath the Quartered Flag

Than ever home shall come to such as we.

He is saying that they feel more at home aboard the P&O ships (the “Quartered Flag” was the flag of that shipping line) than they ever get to feel anywhere else.  They are no longer truly of England and they are certainly not Indians. Instead, they are a group of exiles who have been taken out of their own country and sent to another to serve the Empire and its subjects.

How is Atticus Finch tolerant?

Atticus Finch is a morally upright and tolerant individual throughout the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. There are several scenes that portray Atticus' tolerance throughout the novel. Atticus is courteous to Mrs. Dubose despite her nasty comments and insults. Atticus goes out of his way to be polite and help her. He tells his children to be tolerant towards her because she is old and ill. After learning about her terminal illness and morphine addiction, Atticus sends Jem over to read to her, which helps take her focus off the pain. Another scene that portrays Atticus as a tolerant individual is when Scout begins to curse. Instead of yelling at Scout or disciplining her, Atticus shows her no attention. Atticus tells Uncle Jack that she is just going through a phase and will stop cursing when she realizes she is not getting attention. Atticus also displays tolerance by keeping his calm when Bob Ewell spits in his face. Instead of reacting out of anger, he lets Bob curse him out. Atticus tells Jem that he doesn't blame Bob for his actions and is glad that he spit on him, instead of beating Mayella.

In The Midwife's Apprentice by Karen Cushman, what is Beetle like before she becomes the midwife's apprentice?

Before Beetle became the midwife's apprentice, she was homeless.  She was an orphan with no known family.  The girl did not even know her real name.  She had been called Brat, so she went by that name until the midwife started calling her Beetle.  She was about twelve or thirteen years old, but she did not know her exact age.  She had drifted from place to place, doing odd jobs for food or "a night on the stable floor."  She was very skinny from not eating enough.  Beetle was often taunted by village boys, who were always "teasing, taunting, pinching, [and] kicking" the girl.  

On the night before Jane, the midwife, found the girl, she slept in a dung heap in the village.  The night was cold, so she "burrowed deep into the warm, rotting muck."  At first, Jane told her to leave the village.  Beetle offered to work in exchange for food, and Jane gave her several small tasks to do before she became the woman's apprentice.

What would you expect to happen if one electronics device stopped working in a series circuit?

If one electronic device goes out within a series circuit, then all the other electronic devices that are a part of that series circuit would also go out.

A series circuit is a closed circuit that allows for only one path through which a current can flow. An old fashioned string of Christmas lights is an excellent example of a series circuit. When one light goes out, the circuit is "opened" and the flow of electricity stops at the location of the burned-out light bulb. Another type of circuit is a parallel circuit.

Parallel circuits are closed circuits that have two or more paths through which a current can flow. If one item of the circuit goes out, then that part of the parallel circuit will no longer work. However, the current can still travel through the other paths of the parallel circuit. This allows other electronic devices to continue working even when one goes out. Therefore, most household wiring is composed of parallel circuits.

Identify two names given to the narrator by her husband.

The husband in “The Yellow Wallpaper” called his wife, the narrator “a blessed little goose” and a “little girl.”  These “terms of endearment” showed how the narrator was treated like a child by her husband.  Sent to an asylum to recuperate, the narrator was suffering from what many think was postpartum depression since she just had a child.  Any mental illness would have been taboo to talk about at that time, and the husband is just placating her strange condition.  As the narrator slipped more and more into depression and started imagining strange images in the wallpaper, the husband just wanted to calm her and began to call her childish names.  This behavior by the husband was indicative of how women were often thought to be at the time the story was written, the Victorian era.  Women were not taken seriously and often thought of as weak and sickly.  Women would have “the vapors” or fainting spells (probably due to the tight corsets they wore) and were often thought of as the frailer sex.  The husband affirmed a sexist behavior by calling his wife names as if she were a child that could be soothed and made better.

`int (x e^(2x))/(1 + 2x)^2 dx` Evaluate the integral

This is integration by parts

rewrite it as:

`int [x e^(2x)] {dx /[(2x + 1)^2]} `

let:
`[x e^(2x)] = u → {e^(2x) + x [2e^(2x)]} dx = du →`
`{e^(2x) + 2x e^(2x)} dx = du → `

factoring out `e^(2x)`

`[e^(2x)](1 + 2x) dx = du `

`dx /[(2x + 1)^2] = dv → `

dividing and multiplying by 2
`(1/2) {2dx /[(2x + 1)^2]} = dv → `
`(1/2) {d(2x + 1) /[(2x + 1)^2]} = dv → `
`(1/2) [(2x + 1)^(-2)] d(2x + 1) = dv → `
`(1/2) [(2x + 1)^(-2+1)]/(-2+1) = v → `
`(1/2) [(2x + 1)^(-1)]/(-1) = v → `

`-1 /[2(2x + 1)] = v `

thus, integrating by parts, you get:

`int u dv = u v - int v du → `

`int [x e^(2x)] {dx /[(2x + 1)^2]} = `

`[x e^(2x)]{-1 /[2(2x + 1)]} - ∫ {-1 /[2(2x + 1)]} [e^(2x)](1 + 2x) dx = `

`(-1/2){[x e^(2x)] /(2x + 1)} + ∫ {[e^(2x)](1 + 2x) /[2(2x + 1)]} dx = `

canceling `(2x + 1)` ,

`(-1/2){[x e^(2x)] /(2x + 1)} + (1/2) ∫ e^(2x) dx = `

`(-1/2){[x e^(2x)] /(2x + 1)} + (1/2) [(1/2)e^(2x)] + C = `

factoring out `[(1/2)e^(2x)]` ,

`[(1/2)e^(2x)] {- [x/(2x + 1)] + (1/2)} + C = `

`[(1/2)e^(2x)] {(- 2x + 2x + 1) /[2(2x + 1)]} + C = `

`[(1/2)e^(2x)] {1 /[2(2x + 1)]} + C `

Thus

`int [x e^(2x)] / [(2x + 1)^2] dx = (1/4) {[e^(2x)] /(2x + 1)} + C`

How does Tybalt's violent nature lead to his death in Romeo and Juliet?

In the play Romeo and Juliet, we meet Tybalt in Act 1, scene 1, just as Benvolio tries to make peace among the fighting servants of both noble houses. Tybalt arrives and taunts Benvolio for trying to break up the fight, while challenging him on the spot,

     Tybalt

What, art thou drawn among these heartless hinds?
Turn thee, Benvolio, look upon thy death.

     Benvolio

I do but keep the peace: put up thy sword,
Or manage it to part these men with me.

     Tybalt

What, drawn, and talk of peace! I hate the word,
As I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee:
Have at thee, coward!

Tybalt's fighting words, his hatred for the Montagues and his bullying character are evident in this exchange. Rather than help to stop the brawl, he forces poor, peace-loving Benvolio, a Montague, to fight him instead.

We see more evidence of Tybalt's angry, violent nature in Act 1, scene 5, at the Capulet Ball, when he hears the voice of a Montague among the guests and immediately asks for his sword

This, by his voice, should be a Montague.
Fetch me my rapier, boy. What dares the slave
Come hither, cover'd with an antic face,
To fleer and scorn at our solemnity?
Now, by the stock and honour of my kin,
To strike him dead, I hold it not a sin.

He believes the voice belongs to Romeo Montague and takes it upon himself to kill him but is stopped by his uncle, Lord Capulet, who won't have any fighting at his party that night.

The next time we meet Tybalt is in Act 3, scene 1. Still festering with rage over the party incident, he calls Romeo a villain and challenges him to a fight. Mercutio, Romeo's best friend, insults Tybalt and makes him so angry that they soon partake in a sword fight, in which Mercutio is slain. Seeing his friend die by the hand of Tybalt, Romeo, who up until now has always been a lover rather than a fighter, picks up a sword and fights with Tybalt. Romeo's fresh adrenaline and Tybalt's exhausted body influence the outcome of their fight and soon Tybalt lies dead.

The hostile, impulsive and violent nature of Tybalt contributed to his death. He was very hot-tempered, confrontational, would not be placated and regarded the sword as the answer to every quarrel.

In The Crucible, how do the townspeople move the plot of the tragedy in Salem?

The townspeople bear a lot of responsibility for jumpstarting the accusations and heightening the tension at the beginning of the play.  There are rumors circulating that Betty Parris flew over Ingersoll's barn, and the Putnams -- a very powerful local and vocal family -- are absolutely convinced that witches are to blame for the deaths of their babies and the sicknesses of Betty and Ruth, their daughter, and they have clearly spread their story to anyone who will listen.  The Putnams and others like them, townsfolk who are so willing to believe in witchcraft as the root of their problems rather than look to themselves for the cause, live in fear and become instigators of the hysteria that catches and spreads so quickly. 

Further, when the court is in session in Act Three, the villagers, according to the stage direction which indicates that they are shouting and screaming, add to the feeling that the trials are a circus; they egg on the accusers as well as the judges.  This is how hysteria works -- it affects groups who begin to adopt a sort of mob mentality where they act only on emotion.  If the villagers were not so eager to believe, then they might have demanded better evidence; however, as a result of their intense desire to find a scapegoat for their anxieties and troubles, they are easily led and powerful enough to move the story along.

What year was the story A Christmas Carol set in?

The story was published in 1843, and takes place in the early 1800’s (1800-1850).

Dickens is careful not to give a specific year that the story is set during the story.  This adds to its timelessness.  The closest he gets is the comment that the Ghost of Christmas Present makes when Scrooge asks about his family.

“Have never walked forth with the younger members of my family; meaning (for I am very young) my elder brothers born in these later years?” pursued the Phantom.

“I don’t think I have,” said Scrooge. “I am afraid I have not. Have you had many brothers, Spirit?”

“More than eighteen hundred,” said the Ghost. (Stave 3)

This means that the story takes place at least after 1800, of course.  It likely that the "present" is set approximately around the year it was written.  The ghost is telling Scrooge that he lives for only one day (which is why he says he is young), and when he says that he has more than eighteen hundred brothers and sisters he means that each of them represents Christmas Day.  Scrooge’s response is really more of a quip, but he is, as always, thinking about money.

Of course, while 1843 might be Scrooge’s present, the story itself shifts into his past and his future.  Thus, it takes place anywhere from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the mid to late-1850’s.  It does not take place in just one year, because Scrooge and his ghosts travel through time in a way.  However, they still end up back in Scrooge’s present.

Dickens intended for his story to be read for years and years.  He wanted to make it a timeless classic.  In that sense, he succeeded admirably.  People have still read and enjoyed this book for years, and continue to do so today.

Was the trade-off worth it in The Giver?

The tradeoff is not worth it because the community executes its people without consequence.

Every community has to decide between security and freedom.  The more freedom you give your citizens, the less security you will have.  Jonas’s community clearly opted for the least amount of freedom in order to make everyone happier.  The tradeoff was not worth it, because there is no sense of humanity in their community.

The community is a surveillance state.  This means that all citizens are watched twenty-four hours a day no matter where they are.  There are cameras everywhere and an overseer called the Speaker communicates with them regarding anything they need, but also makes them aware of any wrong move.

In addition to the cameras, there are always people watching.  Town elders watch the children for most of their lives, and if they are not watching then ordinary people are watching them all the time.

The community was extraordinarily safe, each citizen watchful and protective of all children. (Ch. 6)

Jonas just accepts the surveillance as part of life until he begins his training as Receiver of Memory.  He is completely shocked that the Receiver has the ability to turn the speaker and cameras off.  Jonas has never seen a speaker with an off button.  No one else in the community ever gets any privacy.

The advantage to this is that with Sameness no one ever feels uncomfortable.  People are watched over and protected, and everyone has a job and a house and enough food.  There are no unwanted pregnancies, because the population is controlled and all of the babies are created by the community.  There are no broken families because family units are carefully constructed.  Two adults are paired and then given two children, a boy and a girl.

The disadvantage to these perfect families and the strict rules is that when someone does not comply, the community is extremely ruthless in dealing with it.  Babies who do not meet strict guidelines are released, and citizens who break the rules are released.  When they decide that the old people have lived long enough, they are released as a matter of course.

There were only two occasions of release which were not punishment. Release of the elderly, which was a time of celebration for a life well and fully lived; and release of a newchild, which always brought a sense of what-could-we- have-done. (Ch. 1)

We would love to think that killing babies is rare in the community, but it clearly isn’t.  It happens twice during the book.  The twin is actually killed and Gabriel would have been if Jonas had not rescued him and escaped.  Clearly killing babies is a normal occurrence.  Jonas’s father is not pleased with it, but never seeks to question it.

The other tradeoff the community makes is with the Stirrings pills.  In an effort to keep complete control of the community’s citizens, the community has created some kind of hormone blocker.  It ensures that the citizens never have strong feelings. The problem is that they never really get to experience the full spectrum of human emotion.  They live in a state of eternal numbness.

For Jonas, the first time he experience feelings is in the memories.

Jonas nodded. "I liked the feeling of love," he confessed. … "I wish we still had that," he whispered.  "Of course," he added quickly, "I do understand that it wouldn't work very well. And that it's much better to be organized the way we are now. I can see that it was a dangerous way to live." (Ch. 16)

It is true that feelings and emotions can be dangerous.  They make people uncomfortable.  They also lead people to make decisions.  Decisions are carefully controlled in the community.  No one really has a choice about anything.  Every choice is made for them.

Jonas starts to realize that the fact that no one in his community has ever had an independent thought or a real feeling is what is dangerous.  The danger is not in letting people live their own lives, it is in letting the government control them.  This is how innocent people end up dead.  When Jonas starts to understand what is really happening in the community, he cannot allow it to continue.  He escapes in an act of rebellion that ensures that the memories will be returned to the people and the complete control their community has over them will come to an end.

How is Scout different from her classmates in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Scout differs from her classmates in several striking and important ways.

One of the most basic is that she is not being raised by her mother. She's being raised by Atticus, a single father. This leads to several other differences.

For example, Atticus treats Scout with considerable respect, and allows her a lot of freedom. As a result, she is much more adult than many of her peers are.

One of the things she does is first learn to read before she is taught in school, and then to read extensively in things that she cares about, rather than reading the way the school wants her to.

This is one of the many ways she is a rebel. She's a rebel in other ways that are partially innate, and partially a result of Atticus raising her. She is brave and ethical beyond her peers, and that sets her apart. She is compassionate, as you can see when she becomes friends with Boo.

What are two ways that Ancient Egyptians used lapis lazuli?

Here are a few ways the Ancient Egyptians used lapis-lazuli.

1) Lapis lazuli was used in funeral masks such as the famous King Tut's mask (Tutankhamen).

2) It was a particularly favored gem for amulets and ornaments. Some of these were scarabs. Lapis lazuli was common in jewelry because of its rich color and rarity.

3) It is said lapis lazuli was ground up to use as makeup. Lapis lazuli was used as an early form of eyeshadow for the likes of Queen Cleopatra herself.

4) Lapis lazuli was used as a tribute paid to Egypt by other nations/civilizations.

5) It was most likely the fifth stone in the breast plate of a High Priest.

6) It was crushed into a dye to color fabrics and other materials. Clothing worn by kings, queens, and priests was dyed this blue hue to make them more like the gods themselves.

Why did the North industrialize?

Industry became prevalent throughout the North for several reasons. Factors such as geography, climate, natural resources, population, and innovation played important roles in the development of industry in the North. The extensive system of waterways throughout the Northern region of the United States played an important role in industrialization. Factories relied on the water from rivers to maintain production and to transport materials and finished products throughout the region. The Hudson, Delaware, Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela Rivers were vital to industrialization in the North. The climate in the Northern region of the United States was much colder, which adversely affected agriculture production. In comparison, the Southern economy in the mid-late 1800's relied heavily on agriculture, while the North utilized natural resources to increase factory production. The abundance of forests and iron ore deposits found throughout the Northern region contributed considerably to industrialization.

Following the Civil War, the North experienced an increase in population growth. Immigrants were quick to find work in factories which increased the development of industrialization. The majority of the Southern population remained involved in manual labor on plantations. As new factories were built and business interests in Northern industry increased, innovation soon developed which further advanced industrialization. One example of innovation that led to increased steel production was the Bessemer process, which resulted in the growth of cities like Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. All of these factors played important roles in the development industrialization in the North.

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, who is Cecil Jacobs?

Cecil Jacobs is Scout's classmate. He lives on the same street as her, though he is further down and closer to the Maycomb post office. Both Scout and Cecil are in the same class with Miss Gates as their teacher.  

Scout almost fights Cecil when he tries to insult Atticus. She eventually decides not to fight him, but Cecil calls her a coward. Eventually, they become friends. During the Halloween event at the high school, Scout and Cecil visit the various booths together and spend their money on treats. They each come with thirty cents.

Cecil and his family are Baptists, and his father plays on the Baptist football team. During the Halloween pageant, Cecil dresses up as a cow. When Scout and Jem walk to the Halloween event at the high school, Cecil sneaks up and scares them:

Someone leaped at us.

"God almighty!" Jem yelled.  

A circle of light burst in our faces, and Cecil Jacobs jumped in glee behind it. "Haa-a, gotcha!" he shrieked. "Thought you'd be comin' along this way!"

"What are you doin' way out here by yourself, boy? Ain't you scared of Boo Radley?"

Cecil had ridden safely to the auditorium with his parents, hadn't seen us, then had ventured down this far because he knew good and well we'd be coming along. He thought Mr. Finch'd be with us, though.

What was Adolf Hitler's personality like?

Adolf Hitler is a historical figure hard to imagine outside of his role as genocidal dictator, but surely he had other dominant personality traits he expressed privately. It is a little difficult to say with certainty what Hitler's personality was like because all contemporary documents discussing his personality were either propaganda skewed by the agenda of the Nazi party or observations made by foreign entities who saw him as an enemy. 

The report compiled for the United States Office of Strategic Services by Henry Murray is widely considered one of the most objective reports on Hitler's personality. Because it was compiled by an American psychiatrist for the purpose of providing the government with a better understanding of Hitler and how to get the one-up on him in future, we ought to bear in mind that some of this information may be biased. The report states Hitler's personality was almost entirely governed by some deep-seated insecurities and a desire for revenge against those he perceived to be at fault. Hitler was intelligent and crafted a public appearance that appealed to the needs and wants of the German people, but he was almost certainly criminally insane. He had a strong need for dominance and admired physical strength and aggression. The report states that he was often incapacitated by emotional disturbances. The whole report is redolent of Freudian psychoanalysis and states that Hitler's insecurities and outward aggression must have been caused by witnessing his parents engaged in intercourse as a young child. Presumably, this also made him very frail as a child and left him impotent as an adult.

A more recent, posthumous psychiatric evaluation based on the fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders implies that Hitler was a deeply troubled man. He likely suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and Sadistic Personality Disorder. This article mentions that when the famous psychiatrist Carl Jung met Adolf Hitler, he found him to be socially distant and unsettling. In more private settings, it seems that Hitler was quite withdrawn and generally unpleasant. It was only in public that he "put on" the persona of a charismatic and inspiring leader.

German propaganda of the time uplifted Hitler to the status of a demigod. He was painted as unshakable and infallible, with Germany's best interests at heart. The German people loved him because he promised to "fix" all of their problems and was exuberant in his apparent passions for their well-being.

So what was Hitler really like? It is hard to say for certain. It is most probable that he was deeply insecure and wanted others to have a positive image of himself as a means of over-compensating for real or perceived flaws.