When you create your own country will you provide limits on government power? Why or why not? What limits would you build into your government...

If I were creating my own country, I would put limits on the power of the government. There have been too many instances where people living under the rule of a government without limits on its power have suffered. When the thirteen colonies existed, the colonists felt their needs weren’t being heard, in part because they didn’t have representatives in Parliament. We have seen situations where unchecked power has led to disastrous consequences. During World War II, the Jewish people of Germany were nearly destroyed by Hitler and his government’s unchecked power. We were fighting countries in World War II, namely Germany, Japan, and Italy, where the leaders could do whatever they wanted.

Throughout history, people have been persecuted by governments that have had unlimited power. Many people came to the North American continent to escape religious and political persecution. The people of the Soviet Union had very few freedoms because the government controlled just about everything. The same is true in North Korea and China today. Unlimited government power tends to lead to unfavorable outcomes for those individuals that are not in power.

I would use a system similar to the one we have in place in the United States. By using a system of separation of powers and checks and balances, this would keep the government from becoming too powerful. With the separation of powers, no branch of government would become too strong. Each branch would depend on the other branches to get things accomplished. With a system of checks and balances, the branches are able to control each other to prevent any branch from grabbing too much power. The ability to remove officials from office is an excellent example of a way to limit the power of the government.

I would also have a system in place where the people elect their leaders. By making the government officials accountable to the people, the people can be the ones who ultimately determine who is running the country. Our system has worked very well for over 200 years. We have many freedoms, and the power of the government is limited. I would model my country and its government structure on the system we have in the United States.

What is the relationship between the circulatory system and the digestive system?

There are six important functions that take place in the digestive system as food turns from nutrients into waste. The six include:

• Ingestion


• Secretion


• Mixing and movement


• Digestion


• Absorption


• Excretion

It is during absorption that the digestive system interacts with the circulatory system.

The small intestine is where much of digestion and absorption occurs. The small intestine contains the plicae circulars and villi. The plicae circular slows down the movement of food through the intestines for absorption. The villi are connected to blood vessels responsible for the absorption of food nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

The circulatory system refers to the channel followed by the blood as it moves throughout the body. The circulatory system is also connected to the digestive system through its function. It provides energy and nutrients necessary for the organs of the digestive system and other body organs to do their work. In addition to its role of absorbing and distributing the nutrients taken in during digestion, the circulatory system provides the energy for the digestive system itself to work. 

Twenty students ride a school bus that has a mass of 2500 kg and moves with a speed of 4.25 m/s. The driver has a mass of 75 kg. What is the...

Momentum is a product of an objects mass times the velocity it is experiencing.  Momentum may be increased or decreased by manipulation of either the mass or the velocity.  The formula for determining momentum is:  P = mv, where P would be the momentum of the object, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity of the object.  The total mass you have listed is as follows:

2500 kg (bus) + 75 kg (driver) + 2500 kg (students) = 5075 kg

Substituting into the formula: 

P = 4.25 m/s  x  5075 kg

P= 21,568.75 kg m/s

As I mentioned, since there are two factors that determine momentum, we can still have the same momentum if we change the numbers around.  If we subtract eight of the twenty students, the mass would change by 1000 kg.

8 x 125 kg = 1000 kg

Subtract 1000 kg from the initial mass, 5075 kg, and you get 4075 kg.

To maintain the same number on momentum, we would have to increase the number for velocity.  We could find that value by doing the following:

21,568.75 kg m/s  =  (v) (4075 kg)

Divide both sides by 4075 kg, and we discover what the new velocity would have to be:

21,568 kg m/s /4075 kg  =  (v) (4075 kg) /4075 kg

5.29 m/s  =  (v)

The new velocity would have to be 5.29 m/s.

It should also be pointed out, you have listed speed, which is helpful in determining momentum, but speed in and of itself is not velocity.  In velocity, there is a directional component, such as "5.29 m/s, South."

What is a summary of Chapter Five of "The Canterville Ghost?"

At the beginning of Chapter Five, Virginia returns from riding with the Duke of Cheshire on Brockley Meadow when she tears her dress. As she enters the house through the back door (so as not to be seen by her mother), she sees the Canterville ghost looking very depressed in the Tapestry Chamber.

Virginia feels sorry for the ghost so she starts a conversation with him in which she reminds him that her brothers will soon return to school and everything will get better, as long as he behaves himself. The ghost replies by saying that he cannot behave himself because frightening people is his reason for existing.

As the pair converse, Virginia learns that the ghost murdered his own wife and, in retaliation, was starved to death by her brothers. Virginia is horrified by this revelation but her attitude changes when he tells her that he is tired because he has not slept for three hundred years. He wishes to rest eternally in the Garden of Death but cannot go there without her help, as the ghost explains:

"You must weep with me for my sins, because I have no tears, and pray with me for my soul, because I have no faith, and then, if you have always been sweet, and good, and gentle, the angel of death will have mercy on me."

Virginia is the only person in the Otis family who can help the ghost because she is a "golden girl" who can bring about his atonement. This is according to the prophecy which is written on the library window.

The chapter finishes as the ghost and Virginia pass through an opening in the wall and head towards the Garden of Death.

Why might Mr. Hooper have put on the black veil in the story "The Minister's Black Veil"?

Your question correctly poses the conditional "might" as a venue to explain the potential reasons why Hooper makes the odd decision to wear a black veil in front of his face for the rest of his life. 

In reality, this is the one question in the story that never gets answered. The reactions that the veil elicits in the people of the village, however, can somewhat help us to conclude that Hooper purposely wanted to cause specific emotions among the people that reflect what lurks within their hearts. The ultimate reason why he would want this will still remain a mystery that the reader will have to deduce. 

A possible clue to help form a conclusion can be drawn from the minister's answers to his fiancée, Elizabeth, when she demands to know what is going on. Since they are engaged to be married, Elizabeth feels that she has a right to know what could be possibly driving her future husband to make a choice of this nature. However, Hooper's answers are problematic because they are not final. At one point he says to her that, if his veil were a symbol of mourning, 

"I perhaps, like most other mortals, have sorrows dark enough to be typified by a black veil." "If I hide my face for sorrow, there is cause enough . . . and if I cover it for secret sin, what mortal might not do the same?"

If he is not willing to tell the woman that he intends to marry about his rationale, why would he tell anyone else?

Therefore, we can only speculate that the minister wore the veil to cause in the parishioners every possible feeling of uneasiness. Only by understanding exactly what causes their emotions could they be able to learn the inner fears and anxieties that lead them to feel them. This would be a lesson like no other that the minister would be teaching his flock. This also "might" have been the reason behind his decision. The best evidence for this theory is found at the end of the story, when Hooper confronts those visiting his deathbed and the emotions that he conjured in them through the simple fact of wearing a veil. 

"Why do you tremble at me alone? [...] Tremble also at each other! Have men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil?"

Here he hits directly on how their inner fears are mirrored by the veil; hence, some equally dark and weird situations must be going on in their hearts. 

"What, but the mystery which it obscurely typifies, has made this piece of crape so awful? [...] When man does not vainly shrink from the eye of his Creator, loathsomely treasuring up the secret of his sin; then deem me a monster, for the symbol beneath which I have lived, and die! I look around me, and, lo! on every visage a Black Veil!"

With this, he directly states that he sees a veil in everyone, part of the masking and deception so typical to humans. Why fear the man who dares to expose the lies of the soul? This is a lesson he might have wanted to teach. 

What are the objects that represent Sylvia? Please provide explanations.

At the beginning of the story, Sylvia is compared to a flower: she had "tried to grow for eight years" in the city but could not.  "She thought often with wistful compassion of a wretched dry geranium that belonged to a town neighbor."  It is as though she empathizes with this sad geranium because she was so like it: stunted, dried up, unable to thrive in the "crowded manufacturing town."  Sylvia is again compared to a flower as she and the stranger walk home with her cow.  When the stranger pressed her for her name, "she hung her head as if the stem of it were broken [...]."  It is notable that the presence and questions of the stranger seem to have the ability to injure or damage things that are natural.

Later, when Sylvia climbs the great pine tree, she is compared to a bird: "her bare feet and fingers [...] pinched and held like bird's claws to the monstrous ladder reaching up, up, almost to the sky itself."  She clung to the giant tree like a tiny, but tough bird.

It is no wonder that Sylvia is compared to these two symbols of nature.  She loves nature and understands it and fits into it; she truly appreciates it and longs to preserve it, even when she's offered money and gifts and charm to give it away.  She is nature, while the stranger represents everything that encroaches on it.

What was the Estates-General in France?

The Estates-General was a body with representatives of each of the three "estates," or socio-legal orders, in France under the Bourbon monarchs. It was convened most famously by Louis XVI in 1789 in a last-ditch attempt at achieving some type of reform to address the growing fiscal crisis that confronted the kingdom. It had not been previously convened in more than two hundred years, a fact which shows how urgent this crisis really was. The delegates to the Estates-General were chosen by local elections, and instructed by what were known as cahiers, similar to petitions, which expressed grievances of ordinary people. A fatal problem to the 1789 Estates-General was the seating of delegates by order, which ensured that the reforms that Louis XVI sought would be impossible to achieve--the First and Second Estates (the Catholic clergy and the nobility) would generally vote together against the Third Estate (everyone else in French society). Eventually the Third Estate left the Estates-General, forming what became known as the National Assembly. This act is often seen by historians as the beginning of the French Revolution.

How do things fall apart in the Igbo clan and its culture?

In Chinua Achebe's debut novel Things Fall Apart, everything begins to become chaotic and enter a major state of flux for Okonkwo and the rest of the Igbo culture when colonial influence makes its considerable presence felt in the region. Western colonizers enter the region and inject their own norms and values into the culture, and thus forever alter the dynamics of Umuofia. The colonizers bring with them Western culture and religion, and this displaces the region's emphasis on traditional values. Okonkwo is unable to conform to these values, and he watches is dismay as the region changes around him. His inability to confront the dramatic paradigm shifts that afflict Umuofia leads to his eventual downfall, to things falling apart.

A key quote in the novel that illustrates how the community breaks down and changes comes after Okonkwo's return from exile: "He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart, and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women" (183). Okonkwo is disappointed that the men of the region no longer value a bellicose nature, and this attitude, in part, leads to his undoing.

In "The Most Dangerous Game" how is Rainsford separated from the yacht?

At the beginning of "The Most Dangerous Game" the reader finds Rainsford, the protagonist, on the deck of a yacht with his good friend, Whitney. Rainsford is headed to Rio with his friend to hunt in the Amazon. The story opens on the men discussing the island that they are currently passing. Whitney tells Rainsford that the island is known to sailors as an unlucky place nicknamed "Ship Trap Island." 

The men briefly discuss hunting (foreshadowing), the weather (it's foggy and difficult to see), and how the boat's crew is superstitious regarding the island (the crew has been unusually silent all day). When Whitney heads to bed, Rainsford decides he's going to stay up a while longer to smoke another pipe.

While relaxing on deck, Rainsford hears a gunshot in the distance. An experienced hunter, his curiousity is piqued by the fact that the island is supposed to be uninhabited. Moving quickly and without thinking, Rainsford jumps up onto the railing in an attempt to get a better view. Unfortunately, he loses his pipe in the process and in lunging to try to recover it, falls overboard. As it's the middle of the night, Rainsford can't attract anyone's attention from the boat itself, so he begins to swim to shore. 

Explain why shallow ocean water appears to be blue in color.

Water is actually transparent and clear. However, water appears blue because of the scattering and absorption of light waves.

The color perceived by humans is the color that an object reflects. The ocean looks blue because red, orange, and yellow wavelengths of the visible light spectrum are largely absorbed by the ocean waters. These colors are associated with long wavelengths of the visible light spectrum. Wavelengths within the blue spectrum of visible light are reflected the most by the water. Blue has a much shorter wavelength.

In shallow waters, the light reflects off of the bottom of the ocean floor. Thus, the blue colors of the ocean waters along the coastline are intensified. The reflection in coastal waters is also intensified by suspended particles that come from the runoff of rivers and the churning of the waters due to tides, waves, and storms.  

In the book My Brother Sam is Dead, what is the setting in Chapter 5?

This chapter is similar to the previous chapters in that it is set in the time period of the Revolutionary War in the town of Redding, Connecticut.

Before Chapter Five begins, the realities of the Revolutionary War haven't really been experienced by the Meekers or the other residents of Redding. However, as the chapter opens, the hardships of war are starting to creep into the town of Redding. Tim speaks about the prices of goods rising, which makes the business of running the family tavern difficult. In addition, there is concern among the citizens about having livestock stolen by the Continentals, as well as the British soldiers. The armies simply don't have enough food and often this results in their stealing cattle from the citizenry. Our narrator notes that when a family's milk cows are stolen, the victimized family is left without a source of milk, cheese, or butter. 

Which excerpt from “Two Kinds” shows that the mother knows how her daughter can become a prodigy?

To Jing-mei's mother, being a prodigy is not only the result of inborn talent but also of effort and desire. In her mother's view, the promise of America, as opposed to China, was that in America one could be whatever one wanted to be. Thus her mother announces to Jing-mei when she is only nine, "Of course you can be prodigy, too." When Jing-mei opposes her mother about playing the piano, the mother insists she doesn't expect Jing-mei to be a genius, only to "be your best." She tells Jing-mei that the reason she is "not the best" is "because you [sic] not trying." After Jing-mei has become an adult, her mother offers to give her the piano, the center of so much conflict in their relationship, as a birthday present. Jing-mei says she probably can't play anymore. Tan writes:

"You pick up fast," said my mother, as if she knew this was certain. "You have natural talent. You could been [sic] genius if you want to. ... You [sic] just not trying."

This section shows the three elements Jing-mei's mother believes make a prodigy: natural talent, desire (wanting to), and effort (trying). 

How is Nat Hocken a hero in the story "The Birds" by Daphne du Maurier?

In "The Birds," Nat Hocken is heroic because he is a fearless leader. Nat proves this when the birds attack his home for the first time. Despite being attacked by the birds on his window-sill, for example, Nat goes directly to his children's bedroom to protect them. After sending the children out of the room and into a passage, Nat faces the birds head-on and alone:

He seized a blanket from the nearest bed and, using it as a weapon, flung it to right and left about him in the air…How long he fought with them in the darkness he could not tell.

In addition, Nat is also heroic because he constantly reassures his family that they will be safe. In the aftermath of this attack, for instance, Nat soothes his wife by making her a cup of tea and distracts his children by maintaining their daily routine, like making breakfast and getting them washed. He also accompanies Jill to the school bus to ensure that she is safe. Furthermore, he removes all of the dead birds from outside of his house so that it does not upset or scare his family.

Nat continues to lead his family throughout the rest of the story. He does so despite his wartime disability, thereby demonstrating his commitment to the protection of those around him. It is this character trait which makes him truly heroic. 

Write an expression for the apparent nth term of the sequence. (assume that n begins with 1)

When we look at the sequence as a whole, we see that there is always a 1 added to a fraction, and this is important. So we try to see if there is any connection between the fractions. 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, etc. We see that the difference between the numerator and the denominator is always 1. But what is the relationship between each denominator? If you take the denominators: 2, 4, 8, 16, etc, you see that they are all powers of 2. In addition, the numerator would be that power of 2 minus 1. 2 is 2^1, 4 is 2^2, 8 is 2^3, etc. Therefore, the sequence for the nth term would be 1+[(2^n-1)/2^n].

What kinds of bombs were used during the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack?

There were several kinds of explosive ordnance used at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese. The variety was designed to destroy several different targets that the Japanese aviators expected to encounter during their attack.

The Japanese bombers were equipped to target the American fleet that was moored at the naval base there, as well as a variety of land targets, such as grounded aircraft and military installations.

The Type 99 #80 mark 5 800kg bomb and the Type 99 #25 Model 1 Ordinary Bomb 250kg were designed to puncture the decks of the American ships and detonate inside the hulls.

Many of the Japanese bombers were also equipped with the Type 91 Modification 2 800kg torpedo, which could be released into the water to propel itself into the hull of its intended target. 

The Type 98 #25 250kg Land Bomb and the Type 97 #6 60kg Land Bomb were designed to detonate on impact and were used to disable planes and ground installations on land around the harbor.

The Japanese were well armed to destroy the American military resources at Pearl Harbor. The fact that the American aircraft carrier fleet was away at sea trials mitigated what was otherwise a devastating blow.

What are Scrooge's servants doing when he visits them with the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come?

When Scrooge and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come see Scrooge's servants they are in a very seedy shop, selling off any of Scrooge's belongings they have been able to take from his house. Scrooge has been brought to see what will happen after he is dead. Scrooge first hears some acquaintances having a conversation about a man who has died. They give the matter very little attention or thought, and Scrooge wonders who they mean. When he recognizes his belongings as those being sold he realizes it is his own death that people care little about. Scrooge has no doubt paid his servants as little as possible, and now that he is dead, they are selling off whatever they could take from his home. It is not much, as he has led a very frugal life:

 A seal or two, a pencil-case, a pair of sleeve-buttons, and a brooch of no great value were all...Sheets and towels, a little wearing apparel, two old-fashioned silver teaspoons, a pair of sugar-tongs, and a few boots.

It is this view of his life reduced to a cheap pile of goods, and hearing the horrible, deserved words said about him that help show Scrooge what a miserable life he has been leading.

What facts are revealed about the Radleys in Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird?

In Chapter 1 of To Kill a Mockingbird, the reader learns about Boo Radley and his family. The rundown Radley Place is on the same street where Jem and Scout live. No one has seen Boo Radley outside in many years. The reader learns, through Scout's recollections, that Boo got in trouble with the law as a child and his father imprisoned him inside of the house as a punishment. After that, Boo was not heard from for many years, but fifteen years later, he stabbed his father with a pair of scissors. The people of the town of Maycomb firmly believe that Boo is insane, but his father did not want to press charges against Boo because he did not want him to be sent to an asylum. After Mr. Radley died, Boo's brother Nathan came to live in the house with him. Despite this, Boo remains inside of the house. 

Who first found Maniac in the buffalo pen in Maniac Magee?

Maniac is discovered in the buffalo pen by Grayson, the zoo caretaker.

After leaving the Beale house, Maniac finds himself living in the buffalo pen at the zoo.  One day the zoo's caretaker finds him.

The old man was bumping through the zoo in the park pickup when he spotted the body clumped out- side the buffalo pen.  He wheeled over, got out. "A kid!" … The mother came lumbering over, nodding, as if to confirm: "A kid." (Ch. 22)

He thinks Maniac looks terrible.  His clothes seem to be only rags, and his body is “bony and dirty and scratched.”  He manages to pull him out of the pen into the truck and takes him to the baseball-equipment room, even though he feels he should be taking him to a doctor.

Grayson makes Maniac some “chicken noodle Cup-a-Soup” and Maniac gulps it down without a spoon, then asks for butterscotch Krimpets.  Grayson tells he ought to know his name. 

When Grayson asks where Maniac lives, he gives him the Beale family’s address.  This confuses Grayson, who checks to see if he really is white since he said he lived in the East End.

“…Don't you want to know what I was doing at the zoo! At the buffalo pen!"

The old man sighed. "Okay, what?"

"I was living there."

"With the buffaloes?"

"Yep, with the buffaloes."

"You like buffaloes?"

"It was dark when I got there. I thought it was the deer pen." (Ch. 22)

Grayson buys Maniac a whole box of Krimpets and takes him home.  Grayson lives at the Two Mills YMCA.  He has Maniac shower and change.  Since he only has his own clothes, he takes Maniac shopping.  Maniac asks for a job, but he asks Maniac about school.  Maniac says that he won’t go. He’ll just keep running.

Since it is quitting time, Grayson takes Maniac to a diner.  He is still hungry.  While he eats, Grayson interrogates him about the Beale family.  Maniac tells him that the Beales are the same as everyone else, except for the color of their skin.

Maniac and Grayson have a good time.  Grayson was an ex-ball player.  Maniac teaches him to read and they are family for each other for awhile.  Unfortunately, he dies right before Christmas, leaving Maniac alone again.

What is the narrative point of view in "The Possibility of Evil"?

The story is told by an anonymous, omniscient narrator and almost entirely from the point of view of the protagonist Miss Strangeworth. This is established at the very beginning.

Miss Adela Strangeworth stepped daintily along Main Street on her way to the grocery. The sun was shining, the air was fresh and clear after the night’s heavy rain, and everything in Miss Strangeworth’s little town looked washed and bright. Miss Strangeworth took deep breaths, and thought that there was nothing in the world like a fragrant summer day.

The quoted paragraph tells what Miss Strangeworth does, sees, thinks and feels. Although the reader is in her point of view throughout most of the story, he still doesn't necessarily understand her. She is obviously more than a little bit crazy. This is brought out clearly when she writes her three anonymous letters. She observes that many of the people in her little town seem "troubled" lately, but she cannot understand that there could be any connection between these troubles and her letters. She doesn't understand her own motives. She thinks she is doing her civic duty as the town's leading citizen by warning others of "the possibility of evil."

The only departure from Miss Strangeworth's point of view occurs when she accidently drops one of her poison-pen letters in front of the post office. Normally it is important for an author to remain in a character's point of view because that is how the reader "gets into the story." If it should be necessary to switch to a second character's point of view, then the author has to reestablish reader identification with that character and should remain in his or her point of view. When Miss Strangeworth drops the letter in the pink envelope intended for Don Crane, young Dave Harris picks it up, and the reader is temporarily in his point of view. Miss Strangeworth has departed from the scene. This switching to Dave Harris's point of view is necessary for plot purposes. It is permissible because it focuses entirely on Miss Strangeworth and her letter. It is noteworthy that although Dave Harris delivers the letter to the addressee, the reader is never placed in Don Crane's point of view, although we can well imagine how Don feels when told by Dave and Linda that Miss Strangeworth dropped it in front of the post office and he reads the contents:

Didn’t you ever see an idiot child before? Some people just shouldn’t have children, should they?

What Don Crane feels, thinks, and does is shown from Miss Strangeworth's point of view.

Her hand did not shake as she opened the envelope and unfolded the sheet of green paper inside. She began to cry silently for the wickedness of the world when she read the words: Look out at what used to be your roses.

Miss Strangeworth does not know who destroyed the rose bushes and sent her the anonymous letter--but we know!

Evaluate the indefinite integral.

You need to use the following substitution , such that:

Replacing back   for u yields:

Hence, evaluating the indefinite integral, yields

Given the complete combustion of cyclohexane (C6H12 + 9O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O), if 48 ml of cyclohexane are reacted with 86.7 liters of oxygen at STP,...

This is a stoichiometry question. Most stoichiometry calculations use one or more of the following mole conversion factors:

• 1 mole (mol) = molar mass of the substance in grams (molar mass must be calculated for each substance)

• 1 mole (mol) = 22.4 liters (L) for ideal gases at STP

• 1 mole (mol) = 6.02 x ~10^23 particles (molecules or atoms)

Step 1: Convert both given substances to moles. The reason we need to do this is that we will need to use mole coefficients later on to determine the limiting reactant and to perform the stoichiometry calculation.

• 
  Convert 86.7 L ~O_2 to moles: We can convert the 86.7 L of ~O_2 to moles by using the second mole conversion factor shown above:

              (86.7 L)(1 mol/22.4 L) = 3.87 mol ~O_2

• 
  Convert 48 mL ~C_6H_12 to moles: Since none of the mole conversion factors shown above contains mL, we must first convert "mL" to grams. We can convert from mL to grams by using the density given in the problem as a conversion factor. Then we can use the mole conversion factor containing grams (molar mass) shown above to convert to moles.

              (48 mL)(0.75 g/1 mL) = 36 g ~C_6H_12

              In order to use the conversion factor for moles and molar mass, we must calculate the molar mass of ~C_6H_12:

             Molar mass = (6 x 12.011) + (12 x 1.008) = 84.162 g ~C_6H_12

             Now we can use the mole conversion factor that contains the molar mass to convert to moles:

              (36 g)(1 mol/84.162 g) = 0.43 mol ~C_6H_12

Step 2: Determine the limiting reactant: Because you were given two reactants, you need to determine if one of them is a limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the reactant that runs out first. The limiting reactant will be used as the starting substance for the stoichiometry calculation in Step 3.

To determine the limiting reactant, divide the moles of each reactant by the reactant's coefficient. The coefficients are found in the balanced equation.

• 
  Reactant ~O_2: 3.87 mol/9 = 0.43

• 
  Reactant ~C_6H_12: 0.43 mol/1 = 0.43

Compare the two answers. The reactant with the smallest answer is the limiting reactant. Since both answers are the same, the reactants will run out at the same time and neither reactant limits the reaction. Because of this, we can use either of the reactants to begin the stoichiometry calculation. You should get the same answer regardless of which reactant you use to begin the stoichiometry calculation.

Step 3: Perform the stoichiometry calculation: The general pattern of the stoichiometry calculation is:

(moles of reactant) x (coefficient ratio: product/reactant) x (mole conversion factor: 1 mol = 22.4 L)

Since neither reactant is limiting, let's perform the stoichiometry problem using both of the reactants as the starting substance. We should get the same amount of ~CO_2 produced either way.

• Stoichiometry calculation starting with moles of ~O_2:

        (3.87 mol ~O_2)(6 mol ~CO_2/9 mol ~O_2)(22.4 L/1 mol) =

         57.8 L ~CO_2

• Stoichiometry calculation starting with moles of ~C_6H_12: 

        (0.43 mol ~C_6H_12)(6 mol ~CO_2/1 mol ~C_6H_12)(22.4 L/ 1 mol) =

         57.8 L CO_2 

Describe Gatsby's car.

The most complete description of Gatsby's car is in chapter four.  Gatsby drives to Nick's house to pick him up for lunch in Manhattan.  The car has a "three-noted horn" that Gatsby sounds as he arrives.  Gatsby's car is a creamy yellow standard-shift Rolls Royce convertible with a green leather interior, and Nick describes it as extraordinarily long, with all sorts of compartments for "hat-boxes and supper-boxes and tool-boxes" and nickel trim.  On weekends, Gatsby uses the car to bring people to and from the city for his house parties.

Gatsby's Rolls Royce is very showy in contrast to Tom Buchanan's conservative blue coupe. Tom disdains Gatsby's car by calling it a "circus wagon" in chapter eight, though he does insist on driving it to Manhattan despite Gatsby's protest.  

Why is Boo fascinating to the children in To Kill a Mockingbird?

At first, Boo Radley is fascinating to Scout, Jem, and Dill because he is mysterious. They know very few hard facts about him. They have heard from neighbors, such as Miss Stephanie Crawford, that Boo is a frightening person. Miss Stephanie is the one who tells Jem that Boo stabbed his own father in the leg with a pair of scissors. Miss Stephanie has a lot of opinions about Boo and the Radley family. Miss Stephanie even told a tale about waking up in the middle of the night to find Boo staring at her through the window. Jem even claims to have near encounters with Boo:

"I've seen his tracks in our back yard many a mornin', and one night I heard him scratching on the back screen, but he was gone time Atticus got there" (Chapter 1).

Over time, the children become less afraid of Boo Radley, even beginning to view him as a sort of friend. When Scout is outside on the night of the fire, Boo covers her with a blanket. When Jem has to leave his pants behind after they get stuck on the barb wire fence on the edge of the Radley property, he returns and finds them crudely mended. He is also fascinating to Jem and Scout because they never see him. Scout sees Boo in person near the end of the novel.

What special preparation does Gatsby make for having tea with Daisy at Nick's cottage?

Gatsby is extremely nervous about his forthcoming meeting with Daisy. He has the grass cut in front of Nick's home and then fills the cottage with flowers from his greenhouse. All of Gatsby's agitation is largely intended to explain why he has taken such roundabout means of obtaining a meeting with Daisy. He has built a mansion and holds extravagant parties every week with the hope that Daisy might show up at one of them. This, of course, gives F. Scott Fitzgerald an opportunity to describes the kind of behavior that is so much associated with the Roaring Twenties,, a spree which itself was doomed to end in disillusionment and disaster.

Gatsby is supposed to be a tough guy, and ordinarily he is cool and poised. But Daisy makes him feel and act like a high-school boy on his first date. She is a dream, an illusion, a fantasy. He has a totally unrealistic picture of her. She never really does or says anything out of the ordinary. She is just a pretty girl, but she represents the upper class to which Gatsby aspires to rise and to which he knows he does not really belong. 

It is possible to climb one rung up the social ladder in American life. It is even possible to climb two. But it is impossible for any young man from the bottom class to climb all the way to the top in one lifetime. We see how Clyde Griffiths' life ends tragically in Theodore Dreiser's great masterpiece An American Tragedy (1925). William Dean Howells writes about the same internal and external obstacles to upward social mobility in The Rise of Silas Lapham  (1885). William Makepeace Thackeray dealt with the theme in The Luck of Barry Lyndon (1844), as did Stendhal in Le Rouge et Le Noir (The Red and the Black) in that 1830 novel.

All of Gatsby's preparations for his long-awaited meeting with Daisy show his inferiority complex and his false position in Daisy's world. He never had a chance to fulfill his dreams about winning her away from her husband and daughter or from the Olympian world in which she was one of the demigoddesses.  

How is social control described in 1984?

In 1984, the Party socially controls its citizens through many means. Despite there being no laws, the Party annihilates anyone whose thoughts or actions are rebellious or indicate that they have the potential to commit a crime in the near future. The presence of telescreens in every room reminds people that "Big Brother" is always watching them, forcing them to live in fear and distrust everyone out of fear of being reported to the Thought Police. The Party further controls people as well as reality itself by destroying historical evidence that contradicts anything the Party says, does, or stands for. The Ministry of Truth is a lie-making factory, rewriting all written records and works in order to bring the written record into compliance with the version of history supported by the Party that backs the Party's ever-changing policies. Written works depicting the past in a way that may not support Party ideology are thrown out or translated to Newspeak, a twisted version of English made by the Party to lack words that may invoke any individualistic thoughts or revolutionary actions.

Through these measures, the Party in 1984 successfully controls its populace, and oppresses them without their knowledge, implementing social control as a force that can be used to control reality itself.

How do the man behind the desk and Eckels describe the opponent of the newly-elected president? Why is this part of the narrative significant in "A...

The man behind the desk and Eckels describe the opponent of their new president as a man who is against everything. They are both relieved that the president is another man. This part of the narrative is significant because it acts as foreshadowing of what is to come in the short story.

After Eckels enters the office of Time Safari, Inc., he chats briefly with the man behind the desk about the ramifications of time travel: 

"Makes you think, If the election had gone badly yesterday, I might be here now running away from the results. Thank God Keith won. He'll make a fine  President of the United States."

The clerk concurs,

If Deutscher had gotten in, we'd have the  worst kind of dictatorship. There's an anti everything man for you, a militarist, anti­-Christ, anti­-human, anti­-intellectual.

Ironically, however, after Eckels, who has paid thousands of dollars to travel back in time sixty million years in order to shoot a Tyrannosaurus Rex, becomes too frightened to shoot this mammoth and forbidding animal; instead, he flees and slips off the anti-gravity path. He commits this action despite having been told by the guide Travis to not touch anything in this world of the past because

[A] little error here would multiply  in sixty million years, all out of proportion.

Indeed, radical change is what occurs because when Eckels reboards the ship, he has mud on the bottom of his shoes. One of the guides worried about fines and other negative repercussions, makes Eckels find the bullets in the dead monster so that there is no proof of their having been there. But, neither the other men nor Eckels realize that a small, dead butterfly lies in the mud of the sole of his boot. In fact, it is not until Eckels returns and finds a sign which he cannot read that he discovers the butterfly on the bottom of the boot. Incredulous that this insect has caused alterations in present time, Eckels asks the new clerk who won the presidency. The man replies,

"You joking? You know very well. Deutscher, of course! Who  else? Not that fool weakling Keith. We got an iron man now, a man with guts."

What the original man behind the desk has mentioned as a horrible possibility now has come true.

What is the evidence for the reasons why the first settlers considered America as a God-given haven ?

The evidence for this will mostly come from the Puritan colonies, founded in New England. Settlers in Virginia were not entirely secular in their outlook, but most were not seeking a haven, they were either seeking profit or were brought to labor on the behalf of profit-seekers. Modern historians would describe their motives and experiences as more typical than those of the religious dissenters that founded the New England colonies. Of the New England settlers, two writers, both of whom were leaders of their respective colonies, stand out. The first, William Bradford, is very clear that he views the Plymouth Colony, for all the difficulties encountered in planting it, is a haven provided by God for the benefit of the Pilgrims. His work, Of Plymouth Plantation, is primarily intended to demonstrate how God has provided for the Pilgrims in the new lands they settled. John Winthrop, a leader in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, established shortly thereafter, famously referred to the colony they were founding as a "city upon a hill," not just a refuge but an example of a "Bible commonwealth" that he hoped future generations would emulate. Some historians have cited this conviction as the foundations of an ideology, still seen in political rhetoric today, known as "American exceptionalism". 

What is a good thesis statement for the qualities you look for in a true friend?

As is often the case in essays that do not argue one side or another of a controversy, but rather state a point of view, the first task of the essayist is to state a illustratable point of view in the thesis statement, toward building a body of evidence and examples to illustrate and support his/her point of view. So ask yourself, “What are the most important traits in a true friendship?" You might want to preface your actual thesis statement with some observations about the process for cementing a friendship – how one does not "look for" a true friend exactly -- one does not consciously , intellectually decide to seek a friendship, but rather a true friendship grows from acquaintance to shared experiences, to loyalty at crises, etc. As you enumerate the actual qualities of a true friend, your thesis statement will become clear to the reader.  Example:  "Paramount to cementing a friend of a lifetime is the automatic unspoken forgiveness for each other's imperfections."

What qualities make Atticus an appealing figure in To Kill a Mockingbird chapters 16-18?

Chapters 16 through 18 are focused on the trial of Tom Robinson. Chapter 16 picks up just after the encounter with the mob led by Mr. Cunningham. The children, especially Jem, are expressing their fear and distaste for Cunningham, and "Mr. Cunningham's basically a good man, he just has his blind spots along with the rest of us" (159). This is an example of Atticus's remarkable ability to empathize with others, and he is struck, as is the reader, by Scout's ability to make even Mr. Cunningham empathize with him.

Chapter 17 and 18 find Atticus in the courtroom. In Chapter 17, Sheriff Tate and Mr. Ewell testify. Here we are impressed by the skill Atticus demonstrates in his cross-examination of the witness. We can sense that he is beginning to cast doubt on Ewell's account of what went on between Tom and Mayella as he gets the sheriff to be specific about which side of Mayella's face was bruised after the encounter. Later he gets Mr. Ewell to demonstrate and testify that he is left-handed.

When he cross-examines Mayella, she echoes her father's testimony, but Atticus with great drama reveals that Tom's left hand is essentially paralyzed. It seems that Mayella is almost certainly lying about the incident (since the bruise was on her right eye), and that, as Atticus suggests in a question, that Mr. Ewell and not Tom was responsible for the bruises on her neck and face.

In these chapters, then, we see that Atticus is not just a decent man. He is a skilled courtroom attorney as well. Thus these chapters add to the image of Atticus as an appealing figure.

In Julius Caesar, why is Portia upset with her husband?

Portia is upset with Brutus because he has not been telling her what he is involved in.

Portia was a strong woman, and not the most mentally stable.  She was aware that Brutus was up to something, and was unhappy with him because he would not tell her what it was.  He was trying to protect her, but she thought he was shutting her out.

Portia complains that Brutus does not tell her what is going on with him even when she asks him.

You suddenly arose, and walk'd about,
Musing and sighing, with your arms across,
And when I ask'd you what the matter was,
You stared upon me with ungentle looks;
I urged you further; then you scratch'd your head,
And too impatiently stamp'd with your foot (Act 2, Scene 1)

Portia asks Brutus if he is sick, since he is up late at night walking about. She can see that he is restless.  She accuses him of not confiding in her because he sees her as a “harlot” and not a wife.

It does not take a genius to be suspicious.  Brutus has a lot of strange visitors, including many of the most influential senators in Rome. They visit him in the middle of the night!  That obviously means that Brutus is involved in something.  She might even assume that he is the leader, since they meet at his house.

Portia does not stay out of it.  She has him followed.

Yes, bring me word, boy, if thy lord look well,
For he went sickly forth: and take good note
What Caesar doth, what suitors press to him. (Act 2, Scene 4)

Portia runs into the Soothsayer Artemidorus, who is trying to warn Caesar about the conspiracy.  He does not give her specifics, but it is enough for her.  She is aware that Brutus is involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Caesar, and she is terribly worried about him.

Portia does her best to convince Brutus that she can be trusted and is loyal.  She goes so far, in fact, as to stab herself in the thigh. Brutus promises he will tell her later.  As far as he is concerned, she is a woman and assassination conspiracies are men’s work.  He is probably also a little worried about her stability.  He has a reason to be.  When he is off at war he gets word that she killed herself by swallowing coals rather than betray him.

Why didn't Tom simply open the window instead of breaking it?

Tom and his wife lived in an old apartment building in Manhattan. The windows in most of these buildings were what were called double-pane windows. They had counterweights inside the wall which were intended to make them easy to open and close. There was a cord and a pulley and a lead weight. The cords in those days before nylon were made of cotton. Over the years the cords would deteriorate and eventually break. Furthermore, the window sashes would get painted and repainted and repainted so many times that the windows might get completely stuck or else would be harder and harder to slide up and down in their tracks. 

He couldn't open the window. It had been pulled not completely closed, but its lower edge was below the level of the outside sill; there was no room to get his fingers underneath it. Between the upper sash and the lower was a gap not wide enough--reaching up, he tried--to get his fingers into; he couldn't push it open. The upper window panel, he knew from long experience, was impossible to move, frozen tight with dried paint.

The only way Tom would open his window was from the inside. He had to hit it with the heels of both palms in order to un-jam it. His wife couldn't open the windows at all. This is what happens in old buildings. The landlord doesn't want to spend money on repairs and the tenants are afraid to complain because the landlord might raise the rent. Eventually, the land under the building becomes more valuable than the building itself, and the owner is only biding time until he has the existing building torn down and replaced with a modern structure, which could contain apartments, condos, transient hotel rooms, or office suites. In the meantime many landlords "milk" the buildings by charging the maximum rent and doing the bare minimum of repairs. Deterioration is seen everywhere, including in the carpeting in the hallways.

When Tom was on the outside looking in, he couldn't hit the upper part of the window with his palms because there was no place to hit it on the outside, only on the inside. That explains why he had to break the glass. 

Why did Aunt Alexandra want to let Calpurnia go?

Aunt Alexandra thought that Calpurnia was having a somewhat negative influence on Scout.  Calpurnia was the primary female figure in Scout's life until Aunt Alexandra came to stay.  In general, Aunt Alexandra did not approve of Scout.  She did not like Scout's boyish clothes and lack of femininity.  Aunt Alexandra thought that Calpurnia's feminine influence on Scout was not enough.  She was concerned about Scout growing up to be a proper young lady someday.

In addition to this, Aunt Alexandra was upset that Scout and Jem had gone to church with Calpurnia.  She also did not like that Scout wanted to visit Calpurnia at her house.  Aunt Alexandra claimed that with her living at the Finch house, Calpurnia was no longer needed.  She suggested letting her go.  Atticus was adamant and he refused to let Calpurnia go:

"Alexandra, Calpurnia's not leaving this house until she wants to.  You may think otherwise, but I couldn’t have got along without her all these years.  She's a faithful member of this family and you'll simply have to accept things the way they are.  Besides, sister, I don’t want you working your head off for us—you've no reason to do that.  We still need Cal as much as we ever did" (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 14).

Why does Mrs. Jones take Roger to her house in the story "Thank you ma'm" by Langston Hughes?

Mrs. Luella Bates Washington Jones takes Roger back to her simple, modest apartment for a couple of reasons.  First, she wants the opportunity to talk to him and teach him a lesson about stealing.  She wants him to know that she, too, once did some things in her life that she isn’t proud of.  However, she turned her life around, has a job working in a hair salon, and has her own apartment as well.  The one room apartment also shows Roger that she is really no different than he is. They both come from the same backgrounds and obstacles.  She is not rich enough to steal from and needs every penny she earns to survive.

Taking Roger to her apartment shows him the effects of stealing from someone who is poor as well.  She does give Roger $10.00 for the blue suede shoes he wants so desperately, showing him an act of kindness and also that he can earn money by getting a job for something he wants. 

Does the word of God teach a rapture of believers, and where is the scripture to back this up? According to the word of God, Judas was an apostle...

There are quite a few verses in the Bible used by some to point to a rapture of believers. While some point to the return of Jesus Christ or the separation of believers from non believers, the most direct one is 1 Thessalonians 4:17, which says:

"Then we which are alive [and] remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord."

The idea of losing one's salvation by not following God's will is not a typical Christian view. Most Christian denominations teach that people have free will. They can chose how they ultimately act and the path that they take. Salvation itself is not lost, but rather by choosing to not follow God's laws or what they view as God's will, they have chosen not to be "saved." The view is similar to saying that you cannot help someone who does not want it. Even after Judas chose to betray Jesus, he still had a chance for salvation; however he chose to kill himself instead of attempting to redeem himself. 

In Frindle, how did Nick feel when people recognized him?

After the newspaper article about the word "frindle" runs, which includes Nick's picture, he becomes rather famous; people all over town recognize him wherever he goes. All this attention makes Nick feel shy, awkward, and under a lot of pressure to be the clever, funny person others expect.

We discover this in Chapter Twelve: "Airwaves," when Nick realizes that being a "hero" comes with that burden of awkwardness. Even strangers always seem to be watching him, waiting for him to do something clever, as if he's a trained animal. The narrator of the story explains that, even for an exceptional child like Nick, it's too much to ask to expect him to be quirky and brilliant everywhere he goes, like when he's just waiting in line at the store to buy some candy.

Nick's mom and dad also experience a bit of that awkwardness. Even though they're proud of their son, they feel uncomfortable with the idea that strangers are often talking about him.

What route was Luke going to take to the sports family's house?

Having read Haddix' "Among the Hidden" and other titles in her series of books, I immediately recognized your question as referring to one of the climax moments of the novel. In the novel, for reasons not immediately revealed, no one is allowed to have a third child. Luke is an illegal third child whose family hides his existence. Luke has a difficult time accepting he can no longer go outside when homes are built near his own. He begins to plan his escape to where he believes maybe another third child lives. Once everyone has left his house and the "Sports Family" home, he begins to run across the yard to her home. His route has been planned for days since he has little else to do and had to plan so carefully. As he starts out, heading for the Sports Family's back door, he crouches down low and runs/crawls the length of his house, he low crawls next to the hedges and out to the barn. After hurrying past the barn he is exposed briefly as he races to the Sports Family's back door. Once he reaches his destination, he finds the door he planned to bolt into, locked. He stands frozen.

In Act II, Catherine asks Raina, "Will anything ever make you straightforward?" Is there an earlier instance in Act II when Catherine finds Raina...

There are two prior moments in Act II when Catherine appears to be disapproving of Raina for doing something that isn't "straightforward" (frank, unstudied, simple, or honest). The first occurs when Raina makes her splashy entrance. Sergius asks Catherine and Petkoff about Raina ("How is Raina; and where is Raina?") and Raina immediately responds, emerging on cue:

RAINA [suddenly coming round the corner of the house and standing at the top of the steps in the path] Raina is here. [She makes a charming picture as they turn to look at her. She wears an underdress of pale green silk, draped with an overdress of thin ecru canvas embroidered with gold. On her head she wears a pretty Phrygian cap of gold tinsel. Sergius, with an exclamation of pleasure, goes impulsively to meet her. She stretches out her hand: he drops chivalrously on one knee and kisses it].

The naïve observer might think this is lucky timing, or the result of some superior social sense on Raina's part. Her own father seems to be of that opinion. But Catherine knows better. Her daughter doesn't just enter a room because there are people to meet. She hides out of sight and listens so she can enter when it will have the most dramatic impact:

PETKOFF [aside to Catherine, beaming with parental pride] Pretty, isn't it? She always appears at the right moment.

CATHERINE [impatiently] Yes: she listens for it. It is an abominable habit.

Next, Raina is less than straightforward again when she questions her father about the mysterious Swiss man.

Raina is pretending this is just idle curiosity, when in fact she is keeping a secret, and trying to determine if her father's Swiss man is also her own "chocolate cream soldier." In this case, Catherine either

(1) thinks the questioning has gone too far and wants to hint to Raina to stop, or

(2) she thinks the question is a good one to ask, but feels the need to act reproachful in order to allay suspicions and help conceal the reason for Raina's curiosity.

RAINA. What was he like?

CATHERINE. Oh, Raina, what a silly question!

Either way, this scene furnishes more evidence that Catherine is being hypocritical to despair over her daughter's lack of straightforwardness. Catherine has been part of the "chocolate cream soldier" deception from the beginning, and she, like Raina, is play-acting now. And as we see later with the business of the coat, she deceives with the skill of someone well-practiced in these sort of farcical social maneuverings. Catherine knows how to bluff and persuade with a grand, authoritative air. Raina takes after her mother.

In "Paul's Case", how do you think Paul's father reacted to Paul's death? What about Charley Edwards?

Let's part from this excerpt from part I of the story, which basically summarizes the main problem and also offers good insight.

The members of the stock company were vastly amused [... but] agreed with the faculty, and with his father, that Paul's was a bad case.

Now that we know that Paul’s issue is officially in the open, and known by Charley, his father, and everyone else connected to him, let’s explore how his father and Charley may have felt, or could have felt, after Paul’s death.

Charley

Charley Edwards is a young member of the stock company; the same stock company which, according to the quote discussed above, is now aware of Paul’s “bad case.” Nobody suspected anything strange about Paul, “least of all, Charley Edwards,” until after Paul is removed from Carnegie Hall. Therefore, Paul’s death should have been a huge shock to Charley, particularly after learning about his own role in the strange set of circumstances that conspicuously led to it. Paul had seen the theater as his only source of happiness. Paul also made up stories about the members of the stock company, and he felt most comfortable in the presence of Charley. Being so close all the time, Charley and Paul developed strong connections; a death would have been a huge, sad blow to Charley.

Aside from shock, Charley may have also felt a lot of guilt. After all, he and Paul “had gone over every detail” of Paul’s visit to New York. Yet, it is never clarified whether Charley was seriously helping in the planning of this, or just sharing a fantasy with his friend. Regardless, Charley unknowingly supported Paul in a dream that led to Paul’s commission of a crime, and then to his death. This would be sad news to anyone involved in the planning, or even in the suggestion, of the dream itself.

Charley

 recognized in Paul something akin to what Churchmen term 'vocation.'

This is evidence that, upon hearing of Paul’s death, Charley would have also been quite grieved. Charley and Paul had a connection. They shared a dream, and they essentially loved the same things. To hear that someone so close is gone, is certainly a sad event in every context.  

The father

Paul’s father would have felt guilty, angry, and completely devastated by the loss of his only son. He would have thought that he, in some way, drove Paul to being the way that he was. After all, he was his father, and entirely responsible for Paul’s well-being.  He may have also felt that he was not a good father, since he was a widower trying to raise growing children the best way he could.  As much as he tried, Paul would still not change. No parent, however, feels that their children are on their own in life completely. It is part of the paternal instinct born out of having children.

Yet, being Paul’s father is clearly a very hard thing to do. Having a problematic child is not a sought-after event in the life of any parent, ever. Paul is oppositional in school, socially awkward, makes up stories, is indifferent to the dreams and interests of kids of his own age, is very much hated by his teachers, and physically annoys people by dressing up awkwardly, and behaving in a way that makes other people feel uneasy.

Still, Paul’s Dad is an involved parent. He speaks to the teachers, takes action when Paul misbehaves, questions where Paul has been, and even shows Paul some role models to follow. He does all of this without a wife that could share the responsibilities of parenting with him. Paul’s dad is alone raising a family the best way that he can. Therefore, the father would have always thought that there was something else he could have done to fix Paul, somehow. He would have thought that Paul was derailed and needed guidance. He would have wanted a second chance with Paul. It is what any other parent would want and pray for, as this would be a tragedy of major proportions to any family.

Under Thomas Jefferson, an undeclared war was carried on against which country?

This question is meant to address the First Barbary War that was fought between 1801-1805.  The protection of American vessels in the Mediterranean Sea was urgent when President Jefferson was inaugurated in 1801.  Pirates were capturing American commercial vessels and plundering the goods and kidnapping the crew.  The pirates came from the Barbary Coast, or four regencies of the Ottoman Empire:  Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Tripoli.  These governments were charging the United States a tribute to protect American vessels from corsair (piracy.)  Congress approved the payment of tributes before Jefferson was elected, but payment was not delivered in a timely fashion. Jefferson, early in his presidency, had sent a fleet of naval ships towards Tripoli with letters assuring the payments were forthcoming.  Tripoli, unfortunately, did not wait for the messages and declared war on the United States.  

Ponyboy questions his world by saying, "What kind of world...Why should I be proud of it?" Why is he questioning the world and his decision to...

In Chapter 9, the Greasers are getting ready for their upcoming rumble with the Socs. Ponyboy, Soda, and Steve begin to put excessive amounts of grease in their hair to show that they are Greasers. Ponyboy mentions that Greasers may not have a lot, but they do have a reputation. Then he thinks to himself, "What kind of world is it where all I have to be proud of is a reputation for being a hood, and greasy hair" (Hinton 13). He continues to think about how he is "marked lousy" and considered a hood even though he doesn't steal, mug people, or drink alcohol. Ponyboy asks himself why he should be proud of his bad reputation and why should even he pretend to be proud of it. He then comments that Darry never wore his hair long and greasy. Darry kept his hair short and clean all the time. Ponyboy begins to question his choice to pretend to embrace the Greaser persona because he is not comfortable acting like someone he is not. He feels hopeless because society labels him as a hood simply based on his social status and peer group. On one hand, Pony embraces his Greaser persona because he will be "marked lousy" regardless, but on the other hand, he doesn't want to be considered a hood and is sick of pretending to enjoy it. Overall, Ponyboy wants to live in a world where he is accepted for who he truly is, and not judged by society to the point of embracing a persona that he is not proud of.

Who is Calpurnia? What is her place in the Finch household?

Calpurnia is the Finch’s’ black maid who has cooked and cleaned for the family since Jem was born.  Atticus is a widower, and Calpurnia steps in and takes the role of a surrogate mother for Scout and Jem.  She comes in each day, takes care of the house, and she watches Scout and Jem while Atticus is at work.  Calpurnia runs a “tight ship” at the Finch house.  Calpurnia is more of a disciplinarian that Atticus, and Scout describes her as “all angles and bones . . .her hand was wide as a bed slat and twice as hard.”   Scout also says that their battles were “epic and one-sided . . . Calpurnia always won.”  Calpurnia does love the children very much and disciplines them to show her love.  She is the opposite of Atticus who rarely disciplines the children.  Instead, he “discusses” problems with Scout and Jem.  Calpurnia has a good relationship with Atticus; he trusts her to take care of the children. Calpurnia is more than just “the help.”  She is a member of the family who guides, teaches, and protects Scout and Jem throughout the novel. 

What type of victimization occurs in Enrique's Journey?

In Enrique's Journey, immigrants from Mexico and Central America brave extreme dangers to ride the trains to the United States. The story centers on Enrique, a Honduran boy who hopes to find his mother in America. He is seventeen years old when he finally manages to reach Chiapas; there, he finds that his suffering has only just begun. Young, illegal immigrants such as Enrique, many searching for their mothers, endure untold dangers and great suffering to reach their intended destination. They are victimized by bandits, violent gangsters, and el migra (the Mexican immigration authorities). Since many stops on the way North advertise similar dangers, I will concentrate on Enrique's experience in Chiapas.

1)Bandits

Bandits often patrol migrant areas to terrorize helpless immigrants. Since many citizens in Chiapas often view Central American immigrants in a negative light, bandits seize upon this prejudice to further their own aims. Groups of bandits wait in hiding to ambush unsuspecting migrants. If the migrants refuse to part with their money, they are hacked to death by machetes, shot execution-style, or, in the case of young women, gang-raped, tortured, and brutally murdered.

Meanwhile, citizens in Chiapas see migrants as opportunists who come to take job opportunities away from the local populace. They assert that Central American migrants bring disease, crime, and prostitution to their towns. It doesn't help the migrants' case that good Samaritans who have housed these migrants have been brutalized and murdered by them. So, on one hand, the migrants have to face suspicion from the citizens of Chiapas, and on the other hand, they have to face the threat of a violent death from fearsome bandit gangs.

2)Gangsters

Young men from dangerous gangs 'own' sections of freight trains traveling from Central America to the United States. What this means is that any migrant who wishes to ride the top of any freight train to America will find himself/herself at the mercy of violent gangsters. The most feared gangs are the Mara Salvatrucha and its rival, the Barrio 18 (18th Streeters). According to the author, many of these gang members, deported from America for violent crime, have settled in Chiapas. There, they unleash their own brand of violence upon hapless migrants like Enrique.

The MS-13 and MS-18 crime organizations.

These gangsters often scout out the migrant population at train stops. They watch and wait, approach migrants in a friendly manner, and try to win their trust. When the migrants climb up the freight train cars, the gangsters are waiting for them. They demand money for the right to stay on top of the freight trains. Migrants who don't comply find themselves thrown off trains or murdered in cold blood, their bodies left on top of the cars. As a result of this, workers at train stops often discover gruesome sights which turn their stomachs. Any migrant who attempts to contact the authorities soon finds out that it isn't worth it: the gangsters root out informants mercilessly.

3)El Migra

The Mexican immigration agents tasked with border control often resort to physical violence to apprehend migrants. Since many migrants do not want to get caught, they often flee, running from car to car on the tops of trains, with agents in hot pursuit. Frustrated agents often resort to throwing stones and sticks at the migrants. The Mexican immigration agents also work hand in hand with the madrinas, citizens who aid the agents in their work.

Tasked with scouting out illegal migrants, these fearsome madrinas are often armed with machetes and arrogant in their assumption of imputed police powers. According to the author, many human rights activists assert that the madrinas resort to horrendous physical violence to intimidate migrants; with the assent of corrupt immigration authorities, the migrants are further rendered powerless in the face of unrelenting violence.

In The Outsiders, what does Dally tell Ponyboy and Johnny to do after Johnny killed Bob?

Rather than trying to run away someplace really far away, Dally tells them to go hop a freight train and jump off in a town nearby. He describes a church on the top of “Jay Mountain” that is abandoned where they can hole up for a while until things quiet down.

He also gets them some money and then tells them to go out as soon as they get there and get enough food to last them for a week. He wants them to be sure not to be going out and hanging around the town but to lay low and stay out of sight. He tells them to just wait up there and that he will figure out a way to get in touch with them when the time is right.

How did the United States expand its territory and why did Americans move into these territories?

There were several examples of how the United States expanded its territories. Americans were willing to move into these territories for various reasons.

The first example of expansion came in 1803. We wanted to buy New Orleans and West Florida from France for $10 million. This would have helped western farmers with their trade since we, and not some other country, would control the port of New Orleans. The French countered our offer with a much better deal. They offered us the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million. We made this purchase, doubling the size of our country.

Another area of expansion was the independent Republic of Texas. Texas wanted to join the United States immediately after becoming free from Mexican rule. However, a variety of issues, including the slavery issue, kept Texas from joining the country until 1845. In 1845, Texas joined the United States.

We were very interested in acquiring the Oregon Territory. It was shared between the United States and Great Britain. We reached a compromise with Great Britain. We got the southern part of the Oregon Territory while Great Britain got the northern part of it. This compromise added the Pacific Northwest region to our country.

We went to war with Mexico in 1846. This war, called the Mexican-American War, lasted from 1846-1848. As a result of the war, we got most of the southwest part of what is now the United States.

There were a few land purchases that added to our country. In 1853, as a result of the Gadsden Purchase, we added the southern part of both New Mexico and Arizona to our country. We paid Mexico $10 million for this land. In 1867, we bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.

The United States got some land through our policy of imperialism in the 1890s and 1900s. We eventually got control in Hawaii after a revolution against the Queen. We annexed Hawaii in 1898. We added land as a result of the Spanish-American War. We got Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines for $20 million. We still control Guam and Puerto Rico.

Americans moved to the new lands we got, especially the areas that makes up the lower 48 states, for a variety of reasons. Some people wanted to get land, and there was plenty available. Others went for a spirit of adventure. There was a lot of excitement in moving to a new place. Many people went for economic opportunities. People hoped to make a lot of money by discovering minerals in the West. Others went to farm the land or to raise cattle and sheep. Businesses saw opportunities for growth in the West once people moved there. Thus, businesses followed the people who moved to the West.

Throughout our history, we have been growing as a nation. Our people have been more than willing to go to the new territories after we got possession of them.

Who was Casca loyal to in Julius Caesar?

Casca is loyal to Brutus, Cassius and the other conspirators.

Casca is one of the conspirators from the beginning.  He is clearly no friend of Caesar.  He is the one who stabs Caesar first, at Brutus’s order.

Casca is very sarcastic in his references to Caesar.  He tells Brutus and Cassius about the incident at the Feast of Lupercal when Caesar had his fit.  Antony offered Caesar a crown three times, and he refused.  Casca is irritated with the showmanship, and how easily the people fell for it.

Marry, before he fell down, when he perceived the
common herd was glad he refused the crown, he
plucked me ope his doublet and offered them his
throat to cut. (Act 1, Scene 2)

Casca hates Caesar so much he is willing to kill himself rather than be under his rule.  He gladly takes part in the conspiracy to kill Caesar, stabbing him in the throat.  In fact, Casca was a bit of a thug.  Even though he was the first to stab, historians believe his was the fatal blow.  The others stabbed Caesar while he was bleeding out.

CINNA

Casca, you are the first that rears your hand. (Act 3, Scene 1)

Antony is well aware that Casca was the first person to strike Caesar.  He tells Cassius as much during the parley.  In doing so, Casca was one of the ones who was mostly ruthlessly hunted down by Antony’s mob.  He was considered Caesar’s murderer, even though there were many that followed him.

Casca was a true believer.  He hated Caesar, and was clearly more of a follower than a leader.  He did what he was told, when he was told.  He was a superstitious man and worried when he saw signs that might be interpreted as bad omens, yet he stayed true to his course.  Known as a murderer, in his own way he was a patriot.  He believed that Caesar was the worst thing possible for Rome.

What is one problem in the book Lyddie in Chapter 19?

Lyddie learns that her friend Diana is leaving the factory because she is pregnant.

As Chapter 19 begins, Lyddie is upset because her brother Charles has come to get Rachel and take her home with him.  Lyddie feels alone and upset, because she wanted her family to be together and it seemed as if that was never going to happen.

Without her sister there, Lyddie threw herself into her work.  She felt like she had no one to work for anymore, but work was all she knew.  She noticed that Diana seemed to be sick looking.  Lyddie told her that she wanted to sign the petition.  Diana’s response was “we’ll see.”

Lyddie showed up at a meeting ready to sign.  It was not what she expected.

It was hard for Lyddie to follow the discussion. They were planning something for some sort of rally at the end of the month. She kept waiting for someone to mention the petition, so she could declare herself ready to sign, but no one did. (Ch. 19)

Lyddie couldn't sign the petition because the petition had already failed.  She learned that Diana was going to leave the factory. 

She was silent for a moment as though sifting the words she needed from the chaff of her thoughts. "I'm going to have a child, Lyddie." (Ch. 19)

Diana was pregnant, and the father was the doctor.  Pregnant girls couldn't work in the factory, and children were not allowed.  Diana had to leave.  She couldn't get married either, because the father was already married.

With both Rachel and Diana gone, Lyddie really does have no family left.  As soon as she got up the courage to sign Diana’s petition for shorter work hours, she found out that Diana was leaving.  The factory requires more and more of the workers, and the battle for worker’s rights is a difficult one.

What is the structure of interstistial hydrides?

In chemistry, a hydride is an anion of hydrogen. Hydride compounds contain hydrogens that are bonded to metalloids, metals, or other elements or groups that are more electropositive than the hydrogen.

Interstitial hydrides are sometimes referred to as metallic hydrides. This is because interstitial hydrides contain a hydrogen and either a lanthanide, actinide, or a transition metal from the d-block. The metal and hydrogen of an interstitial hydride are connected by a metallic bond. Interstitial hydrides have a general formula of MHx. Here, M refers to the metal to which the hydrogen anion is attached. The subscript “x” in the general formula of an interstitial hydride represents the number of hydrogen atoms that are present within the compound.

However, some claim that a general formula cannot be applied to an interstitial hydride. This is because interstitial hydrides make crystal lattices. The hydrogens are found between the “holes” of the metal atoms within an intestinal hydride crystal lattice.  The hydrogens can fill differing numbers of these “holes” within the crystal lattice. Therefore, intestinal hydrides are considered to be nonstoichiometric compounds.

What role did the press play in American life from the Civil War to World War I?

During the 19th century, the United States witnessed the evolution and modernization of journalism. The circulation of newspapers expanded beyond the boundaries of eastern U.S. cities and became available to citizens across a growing nation. 

With the outbreak of the American Civil War, there was an escalation in the public demand for information regarding the political state of the divided nation, the movement of troops, engagements, and casualties. The availability of the telegraph and the war correspondent played key roles in the timely provision of information to the public during the conflict.

A movement to reduce sensational reporting occurred at the close of the 18th century, and the public was apprised of growth in the American West and coverage of the Spanish-American War.

In the years preceding World War I, stories regarding political and corporate corruption (muckraking) dominated the American press, followed by a move to provide the public with a higher degree of professionalism in reporting.

Consider what the Misfit means by, "Jesus thown [sic] everything off balance," in "A Good Man is Hard to Find."

The Misfit is explaining his history to the grandmother when he says this line.  Just prior, she said "Jesus, Jesus" again and again, implying that Jesus could help him, "but the way she was saying it, it sounded as if she might be cursing."  The Misfit picks up this thread because he agrees that Jesus deserves to be cursed.  He says, "'Jesus thown everything off balance.  It was the same case with Him as with me [...].'"  Essentially, when Jesus took humankind's sins on himself -- sins he did not actually commit -- he threw off the balance between guilt and punishment.  Jesus was not guilty of anything and yet he endured a terrible, painful punishment.  In doing so, the Misfit thinks that he set the precedent for punishing people who haven't actually done anything wrong.  

The Misfit was innocent, too, and yet he was punished terribly.  He says,

"I never was a bad boy that I remember of [...] but somewheres along the line I done something wrong and got sent to the penitentiary [....].  I set there and set there, trying to remember what it was I done and I ain't recalled it to this day."

He was told that he was in prison because he killed his father, but his father actually died of pneumonia, and the Misfit had nothing to do with it.  He had committed no sin, no crime, and he had to endure a punishment, too, and so he blames Jesus for being the one who seems to have told society that this was an acceptable thing to do: to find a scapegoat for their problems and blame and punish him.  This is why he calls himself the "Misfit"; "because [he] can't make what all [he] done wrong fit with all [he] gone through in punishment."

In what ways did many workers' lives change as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution changed workers' lives in many ways. Let us look at a few of them.

For one thing, industrialization involved mechanization, which meant that jobs once done by skilled workers were increasingly being done using labor-saving machines. Many workers who had been craftsmen became essentially unskilled workers as a result. For this reason, some skilled workers (most famously weavers in England) opposed, sometimes violently, the introduction of machines (like the power loom) in their industries. 

Another way workers lives changed is that their work became more regimented. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, work, while difficult and backbreaking, tended to be task oriented. Workers were paid by the number of items (shoes, for example) that they produced every day. Business owners often assigned quotas for production which allowed workers to be essentially on their own time--if they could meet their quota in a relatively short time, they could have the rest of the time off. More often, like students, they could procrastinate. The point is that workers were more in control of their own time. Industrial workers, however, were paid for their time, not how many goods they produced, and so factory owners became far more interested in disciplining their workforce to gain more efficiency. Their time was no longer their own.

As a consequence, workers often (but not always) labored under more difficult conditions than previously. The Industrial Revolution enabled the production of cheaper goods for consumers, but it often resulted in the decline of real wages for workers. Workers who produced more goods didn't see any additional profits from them--those went to the owners. The concentration of labor under a single roof, which was so important to the developing factory system, also led to very poor, often dangerous working conditions. These were almost totally unregulated in many countries before the twentieth century. 

What happened the night the narrator seized Pluto?

Although Pluto had previously escaped the narrator's drunken fury, one night he was not so lucky. He had taken to avoiding the narrator because of his drunkenness, which the narrator was conscious of, but one night the narrator did not appreciate that fact, so he grabbed Pluto and picked him up. Of course, it is never wise to pick up a cat which does not want to be picked up, and the narrator learned that lesson when Pluto scratched him because of it. The narrator was furious about this, so he pulled his pen knife from his pocket and cut out one of the eyes of the cat. When he woke up the next morning, he did feel slightly horrified by what he had done and a bit guilty. After that, Pluto went running away in terror from the narrator whenever he came near.