Why does the neighbor focus on the importance of fences in “Mending Wall” by Robert Frost?

In Robert Frost's "Mending Wall," the neighbor thinks it is a good idea to have a fence marking off each man's property so they will definitively know where the borders of their properties lie. This way, no one will trespass and each man will respect the other's property, causing no conflicts. For these reasons, the neighbor declares, "Good fences make good neighbors."

At the same time that the speaker is exasperated by the neighbor's insistence that they rebuild the fence, he, too, repeatedly pursues his idea: "Something there is that doesn't love a wall." He questions the need to mend the wall as he observes that his "apple trees will never get across" the fence and "eat the cones under his pines." Then, he pointedly asks his neighbor a question about the stone wall they reconstruct each year: Why does this fence "make good neighbors?" His neighbor, who the speaker now perceives as "like an old-stone savage armed," simply repeats his father's saying, "Good fences make good neighbors." Rebuilding the stone fence is tradition, and the man will not break from this customary act.
 
Interestingly, too, while the two men work together, there is a psychological wall between them.

In The Ramayana, what resolution does Ravana make after putting on his armor and summoning his chariot?

Upon donning his armor and summoning his chariot, Ravana resolves to either be victorious by slaying Lord Rama or die doing so.  As part of his resolution, he states that either his wife, Mandodari, or Devi Sita, Lord Rama's wife, will become a widow.

When Ravana makes his resolution, he had received painful news from the war front.  All of his commanders had died at the hands of Lord Rama. According to the R.K. Narayan translation, Ravana heard "the cries and the wailings of the widows of warriors."  Ravana understood that he must go to the battle front and face Lord Rama himself, saying "the time has come for me to act by myself again."  

Ravana bathes, offers prayers to Lord Shiva, dons his protective armor, and summons his chariot.  He firmly makes his resolution, to be heard by human and heaven alike:

This is my resolve:  Either that woman, Sita, or my wife Mandodari, will soon have cause to cry and roll in the dust in grief. Surely, before this day is done, one of them will be a widow.

Ravana's resolution is extremely important.  It shows the sheer force of Ravana's conviction.  Negotiation is impossible.  Victory over Lord Rama is the only metric he uses for his success. It marks the final chapter for Ravana, an end that Lord Rama will deliver.

In Old Major's speech in Animal Farm by George Orwell, there are three major claims, one of which is that man consumes without producing. I am...

In his speech Major never gives a counterargument to his idea that man consumes without producing. His purpose was to rally the animals to rebellion by stating the hardships they faced at the hands of Farmer Jones. He warns them that if a rebellion is successful to never adopt the traits of man, such as living in houses, sleeping in beds, wearing clothes or drinking alcohol.

The counterargument comes later when the pigs are holding meetings expounding their system of animalism. Some animals reject the idea of rebellion and animalism. They fear what might happen and argue that they would starve if the farmer were gone:

At the beginning they met with much stupidity and apathy. Some of the animals talked of the duty of loyalty to Mr. Jones, whom they referred to as ‘Master,’ or made elementary remarks such as ‘Mr. Jones feeds us. If he were gone, we should starve to death.’ Others asked such questions as ‘Why should we care what happens after we are dead?’ or ‘If this Rebellion is to happen anyway, what difference does it make whether we work for it or not?’, and the pigs had great difficulty in making them see that this was contrary to the spirit of Animalism. 

Much later in the novel, right before the pigs morph into men, Squealer argues that even though the pigs and dogs consume without producing they have very important jobs. Squealer explains:

"...the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called ‘files,’ ‘reports,’ ‘minutes,’ and ‘memoranda.’"

The pigs eventually break every commandment of animalism, and by the end they are walking on two legs, sleeping in beds and drinking alcohol. 

What are examples of idioms and proverbs in "King Solomon's Mines"?

Proverbs are short sayings that encapsulate some generalized truth or advice that is easily understood. One is provided near the beginning of the story, as Quatermain is apologizing for his lack of professional writing ability, but believes the story itself will make up for any lack of finesse in its telling. He then relates the Kukuana proverb, "a sharp spear needs no polish." This is meant to imply a thing well-suited for its task, such as a good story, will do the job well regardless of any additional decorations.

Idioms are terms that tend to have meaning beyond their literal definitions, and often require some degree of education in their use; for example, "raining cats and dogs." One is mentioned in Quatermain's description of Captain Good, and his impressions of naval officers, which is generally positive, but being assured there must be some "black sheep" among them. This is an idiom for those that don't fit into the group, generally with a negative connotation that implies a lack of morals or conduct. Another is "salted" cattle, referring to the animals Quatermain purchases, meaning animals that have survived certain diseases and are therefore immune to them.

What is the most interesting feature in the story "The Last Leaf"?

The most interesting feature of O. Henry's "The Last Leaf" is the ironic reversal of the story and the manner in which it is achieved.

When Sue first asks Mr. Behrman if he will pose, as well as informing him of Johnsy's "fancy" that she will also die when the last ivy leaf falls outside her window, the little curmudgeon "shout[s] his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings." He exclaims that it is foolish to think that one should die just because the leaves all fall from "a confounded vine." Furthermore, he refuses to pose for Sue.

Apparently, Mr. Behrman is an irascible little man. However, he does change his mind after Sue calls him an "old fibbertigibbet," an old-fashioned word which means one who is overly talkative and flighty. Perhaps Behrman resents being called this because he agrees to come upstairs and pose after all. Or, perhaps he lets his veneer of gruffness down; for he then exclaims that their lodging in Greenwich Village is no place for someone as good as Johnsy to lie sick. He exclaims with dramatic irony that he will paint his masterpiece and they will all move away.

When Sue and Behrman reach Johnsy's room, they peer out the window with trepidation. Then they look at each other momentarily without speaking. Behrman quietly poses; later, he returns to his apartment. The next morning Johnsy asks Sue to pull up the shade. "Wearily Sue obey[s]." Surprisingly, the ivy leaf remains there against the window; nevertheless, Johnsy insists that it will fall and she will then die. Yet the next day it is still there. With resolve after this occurrence, Johnsy tells her loving friend,

"I've been a bad girl, Sudie....Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die. You may bring me a little broth now...."

With Johnsy's will to live revitalized, the doctor gives her "even chances" to recover. But, he informs Sue, he must go downstairs to Mr. Behrman who has contracted pneumonia and is going to be taken to the hospital to be made more comfortable though he has no chance of recovery.
After Johnsy gets stronger, Sue tells her of Behrman's heroic deed:

"...it's Behrman's masterpiece—he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell." 

This moving statement of Sue's provides the surprise ending and adds great poignancy to this ironic reversal in O. Henry's "The Last Leaf."

What are Blake and Wordsworth saying about a child's point of view versus an adult's? How might the artistic, political, and social trends of the...

Blake and Wordsworth maintain that children have an innocence that adults have lost. Wordsworth famously wrote that the "child is the father of the man," meaning that because he is younger, the child is closer to the divine source. Children are born "trailing clouds of glory" from God--they are better reflections of God's goodness than adults. Blake, likewise, wrote his Songs of Innocence from a child's point of view, believing the child has a purity and clarity of vision that gradually is lost through interactions with a corrupt society.

In the 17th century, people widely believed that children were born with a capacity for evil that had to be eradicated. They needed to be trained so as to quash their natural tendencies to selfishness and violence. Their wills needed to be broken. By the 18th century, this concept of the child as evil was contested more and more. As Europeans increasingly had contacts with native people, there developed a growing interest in the "Noble Savage," the person who was considered to be naturally good and pure because he was untouched by a corrupt society. Thinkers increasingly began to believe that evil was not an innate part of the human psyche but a social construction. Philosophers such as John Locke floated the idea that the child was a "tabula rasa" or blank slate who could be molded for good or ill, while Rousseau popularized the idea of the child as innocent. This was also the beginning of the period, especially in the early 19th century, where children came to be seen as a distinct group with its own characteristics rather than as miniature adults.

The Romantic poets, which their interest in primitivism, natural language, and common people, and their rejection of overly rigid civilization and its forms, tended to see in the child a wild, innocent, natural creature, as yet unspoiled by the culture, someone who could move adult hearts and teach them how to live with greater simplicity, innate morality, and joy.

In today's society, we live somewhere in the middle between the two poles of the child as evil and the child as innocent. We definitely see children as different from adults and do our best to protect them from harm and evil influences, but we tend not to invest them with a superior morality to adults.

What is it called when layers of rock "peel off"? Describe how this process happens?

Thermal stress weathering causes the outer layers of rocks to appear to peel off (exfoliation). Thermal stress weathering is a type of physical weathering. Thermal stress occurs when rocks are subjected to swings in temperature. For example, desert rocks experience significant solar heating during the day and cold night temperatures. Forest fires can also significantly heat rocks. 

Heat will cause the minerals in the rock to expand. The outer layer receives more heat than the interior, thus the minerals in outer layers will expand more. Additionally, different minerals expand at different rates in response to heat. This uneven expansion causes stresses to build up in the rock. Eventually, these stresses will cause cracks to form in the material, and the outer layers of rock will peel off. The process will then occur again on the newly exposed rock surface. 

Evaluate the indefinite integral.

You need to use the following substitution  , such that:

Replacing back   for yields:

Hence, evaluating the indefinite integral, yields

What does Pickering offer to do in Pygmalion?

Act Two of George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion opens on Colonel Pickering and Professor Henry Higgins reviewing the vowel sounds they both can pronounce in Higgin's home laboratory on Wimpole Street. They are surprised when Liza, the flower girl who they had encountered in Covent Garden the previous day, arrives at Higgin's home and insists to his housekeeper that she needs to speak with him. When given the opportunity to do so, Liza informs Higgins that she would like to pay him for speech lessons so that she can learn to "talk more genteel" and eventually obtain a position as a lady in a flower shop.

Both Liza and Colonel Pickering are enchanted by Higgin's earlier claim that in the space of three months, he could provide enough polishing to Liza's English to pass her off as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party. Impressed by Higgin's phonetic skills and research, but desiring to see him actively at work, Colonel Pickering creates a wager with him: Pickering offers to cover all of the expenses of the "experiment" and to pay for Liza's speech lessons if Higgins can successfully do as he bragged he could do and pass Liza off as a duchess at the ambassador's garden party. This, Colonel Pickering claims, would make Higgins "the greatest teacher alive." 

Higgins agrees to these terms, stating, "Yes: in six months--in three if she has a good ear and a quick tongue--I'll take her anywhere and pass her off as anything."

Which of Mitty's traits causes his wife, the police officer, and the parking-lot attendant to scold him? Why do they treat him this way?

There is a subtle linkage among Mitty's interactions with his wife, the police officer, and the parking-lot attendant. It has to do with gloves. When Mitty is letting his wife off in front of the building where she goes to have her hair done, she gives him some parting advice and instructions.

“Remember to get those overshoes while I’m having my hair done,” she said. “I don’t need overshoes,” said Mitty. She put her mirror back into her bag. “We’ve been all through that,” she said, getting out of the car. “You’re not a young man any longer.” He raced the engine a little. “Why don’t you wear your gloves? Have you lost your gloves?” Walter Mitty reached in a pocket and brought out the gloves. 

Mitty obediently puts his gloves on, but he takes them off as soon as he gets away from his nagging wife. He is taking his gloves off at an intersection while the light is red, but he is slow to react when the light turns green.

“Pick it up, brother!” snapped a cop as the light changed, and Mitty hastily pulled on his gloves and lurched ahead.

Mrs. Mitty had recently told him:

“It’s one of your days. I wish you’d let Dr. Renshaw look you over.”

This triggers one of Walter Mitty's fantasies. He is a world-famous surgeon who is taking over a critical operation on an important patient. There are two references to gloves in this episode.

“Yes?” said Walter Mitty, removing his gloves slowly. “Who has the case?” 

They slipped a white gown on him; he adjusted a mask and drew on thin gloves… 

While Mitty is indulging in a complicated fantasy about performing a major operation under stressful conditions, he is not paying attention to parking his car properly. He is brought back to reality sharply.

“Back it up, Mac! Look out for that Buick!” Walter Mitty jammed on the brakes. “Wrong lane, Mac,” said the parking-lot attendant, looking at Mitty closely. “Gee. Yeh,” muttered Mitty. He began cautiously to back out of the lane marked “Exit Only.” “Leave her sit there,” said the attendant. “I’ll put her away.” 

Mitty is a poor driver at best. But when he is involved in one of his fantasies he becomes even worse. The Mittys sound like people who have recently moved from a Manhattan apartment to a house in the suburbs, as so many middle-class people were doing after World War II. Manhattanites are noted for being rather incompetent drivers because they rely so much on taxis and public transportation. Mrs. Mitty probably can't drive at all and doesn't even want to learn. Mitty's wife has to wake him out of one of his fantasies because he is stepping harder on the accelerator as he imagines himself Commander Mitty piloting a huge hydroplane in hurricane weather. He must have started to fantasize about being a great surgeon when the cop snaps, "Pick it up, brother!" And he is deep into that imaginary operating-room crisis when the parking-lot attendant brings him back to reality by yelling, "Back it up, Mac! Look out for that Buick!"

Mitty only seems to be living and functioning in the real world. Most of his time is spent in his secret life, his “alternate world.” In that life he is not the absent-minded, barely competent aging man his wife, the cop, and the parking-lot attendant take him for; he is a bold, resourceful, even gallant man who takes charge of things. He is a man of action and not a faceless factotum who works at a desk in Manhattan all day and comes home on the commuter train in the evening. It is apparently because of the deadly routine of his real life, as well as the constant nagging of a wife he no longer loves, that Mitty has felt compelled to escape into a "secret life" in which he is heroic. Some readers may think that Walter Mitty is either crazy or going crazy. But it may be that his secret life is just exactly the safety valve that keeps him sane.

No 7: Two bodies of mass and are dropped from rest from the heights and . What will be the ratio of the times they take to...

The answer is b: .

If a body is dropped from rest from height h, the time it takes to reach the ground is determined by the equation

, where g is the gravitational acceleration, g = 9.8 m/s^2. Note that the mass of the body is not included in this equation. Even if the bodies have different mass, when they are dropped from the same height, they will reach the ground at the same time (assuming the air resistance is negligible.)

Applying this equation to the two bodies results in

, from where and

, from where .

Notice that the times are proportional to the square roots of the heights.

The ratio of the times will be

, so the answer is choice b.

In lines 179–196 of "The Pit and the Pendulum," what are the sensory details listed? How do they contribute to the atmosphere? Which senses do...

Because the story appears in many different printed versions, lines 179–196 could vary depending on your copy of the text. However, I'm going to assume the passage being referred to is the scene where the narrator wakes up to find himself strapped to a low table and is finally able to see the interior of his cell. In this section, Poe uses visual, tactile, and gustatory imagery to create an atmosphere of suspense and terror. After having been drugged in his pitch black cell, the narrator now is awake and able to look at the place he tried to discern without light. The first thing he notices is the artwork on the walls. Painted on the walls are menacing fiends in colors that are "faded and blurred." He also notices the stone floor and the pit that he had nearly fallen into. Looking up, about 30 to 40 feet overhead he sees a painted mural of Time personified, and instead of a scythe, it holds a pendulum. These descriptions help the reader experience the room with the narrator.

The most distressing imagery, however, is tactile. The narrator describes his physical position in a way that makes the reader feel what he feels. The man is strapped on a low wooden frame, lying flat on his back, securely bound by a "surcingle," a wide strap used on a horse, that has been wound multiple times around parts of his body. We learn he can only barely lift his head to look around, and only his left arm is somewhat free, allowing it to reach some food in an "earthen dish." This tactile imagery allows us to experience the sensations and textures the man experiences. Another type of imagery related to tactile imagery is kinesthetic, that is, imagery of motion. The man's inability to move and his perception of the moving pendulum fall into this category.

The final type of imagery used in this section is gustatory, or taste, imagery. The man notices the pitcher is missing, and is immediately "consumed with intolerable thirst." He also notices that the meat in the dish is "pungently seasoned." These descriptions go a long way toward intensifying the torture that the man experiences—and that the reader experiences with him through imagery.

Through the imagery of the menacing paintings on the wall and ceiling, the tight binding of the man's body, and the pungent food causing unbearable thirst, Poe is able to create feelings of fear and suspense in his readers.

Media has a bias toward A. liberal politicians.B. conservative politicians.C. incumbents, regardless of political party.D. the losers, regardless...

The answer to this will be different based on who you ask.  Conservatives believe strongly that the media is biased against conservatives.  Liberals often believe (though not as much as conservatives do) that the media is biased against them.  However, the most likely answer for this is that the media is biased in favor of incumbents.

Scholars tend to deny that there is any real ideological bias in the media.  They say, instead, that the media is biased in favor of people who can help them get good stories.  Incumbents are good for this.  If media outlets have good relationships with incumbents, they might be able to get information from the incumbents that can help them have good stories. If they stay on the good side of incumbents, they are much more likely to get the sort of inside information that can help them with their stories.  In addition, the media tends to be somewhat biased in favor of those candidates who are ahead in the polls.  Since incumbents are typically ahead, this tends to make the media favor incumbents as well.

So, if you ask regular people, you will probably get a different answer, but academics who study the media would say that a pro-incumbent bias is the most significant of the biases mentioned in this question.

I need help starting my essay in general. I know what I want to write about but I don't know how to start it. It has to be four pages. Only two...

Getting started seems like something that we all struggle with. There are a few approaches you can use to do this, and which you choose really depends upon which is most comfortable. 

While some people need to begin with an introduction, sometimes it is easier to begin in the "middle" of an essay and write a body paragraph or two first.  You say you know what you want to write about already, so you could write a body paragraph or more on your topic.  I see your assignment has something to do with law and politics. So, let's suppose for a moment you are writing a paper on the Democratic candidates for the presidency.  You may not even know what your main idea is about them, but if you write a body paragraph on each, that could be a good way to begin.  As you write, your thoughts on this subject will become clearer to you, and then you will be able to decide what your thesis statement should be. I had a professor who always said "Writing is a means of coming to know."  That has guided me in all of my writing, and it can guide you, too. The idea is that often when we sit down to write, our thoughts and ideas are not clear to us at all, but as we write, they really do fall into place.  Once you have settled on what your main idea is on your subject, you can then go back and write an introduction ending with a thesis statement and a conclusion. I have done this for many papers, and it can work really well. 

Some people really do best beginning with a thesis statement.  A thesis statement states your main idea and the points you will use to support that idea.  So, for example, if you were writing a paper on the decisions of the Supreme Court for the last few years, you may have a thesis statement like this:

The Supreme Court has made a decided tilt to the right in its decisions on campaign contributions, union rights, and eminent domain. 

That thesis statement, which should be the last sentence in your introduction, provides you with an outline to write three body paragraphs, one on campaign contributions, one on union rights, and one on eminent domain. 

How you get going is not important. It is that you do so that matters!  There is no one right way to get an essay started, so see which works best for you. I have used both ways in my own writing, and both work very well. 

What are 5 reasons why Winnie didn't drink the water?

Wow.  Five reasons might be a bit tough.  

One reason I think that she didn't drink the water is that Winnie never truly believed it would work.  Even by the end of the novel, Winnie's internal monologue hints at her slight disbelief that the spring water actually grants eternal life.  Her reticence to drink the water makes sense, because she never actually sees any proof from the Tucks that they are immortals.   

A second reason is that she doesn't have the bottle of spring water any more.  She poured it over the toad.  

A third reason could be because the wood and spring were bulldozed over at some point in Winnie's later life.  

A fourth reason is likely because of Tucks' talk with her.  He told her how much he misses being a part of the natural living and dying cycle of the world.  He misses being able to change with the world around him.  

A fifth reason could be that Winnie gets caught up in living her regular, natural life after the Tucks leave.  The epilogue says that Winnie got married and had children.  Winnie simply could have decided that she loved her current life and people in it more than the chance to live forever with Jesse.  

If there were no chronic toxicities directly related to the use of opioids, would opioid dependence be a problem in the long term?

When we talk about chronic toxicity, we mean all the adverse effects that incur from taking a drug or substance over a long period of time. In the case of opioid dependence, these effects include physiological and behavioral changes. Some physiological symptoms of chronic opioid toxicity are: decreased heart rate, dangerously low blood pressure, reduced muscular range and motility, and organ failure. Some behavioral symptoms are: fatigue, stupor, apathy, and lack of judgment. Despite the risks inherent in repeated use, it is common for doctors to prescribe opioids for pain management. Often, patients coming out of surgery may receive a short-term opioid treatment. Those who suffer from debilitating or chronic pain conditions may be placed on opioid prescriptions as part of a program of continuing care and treatment. 

Were there no chronic toxicity issues, opioid dependence would be far less problematic. The reason why doctors prescribe opioids is that these substances are extremely effective for the treatment of pain. Opioids are often effective when pain levels are so high as to be excruciating and debilitating. If patients could continue on opioid treatments without the risk of chronic toxicity, there would be no significant problem with long-term dependence from a sociological perspective. However, it's important to keep in mind that, currently, it is impossible to extract the benefits of opioids from their long-term risks. It would take a major leap forward in the fields of medicine and biochemistry in order to de-couple benefits from risks. 

Which kinds of surfaces are the most reflective?

The term “reflect” means "to bounce off of." Both light and sound waves can reflect off of surfaces.

Hard, shiny surfaces are the best kind of surfaces for the reflection of light. Light tends to bounce off of such surfaces at the same angle at which the light hits the object. Examples of such smooth and shiny materials are mirrors, glass, still water, and metals. Rough but shiny surfaces tend to reflect light in all directions. In other words, rough, shiny surfaces scatter the light. Rough and opaque surfaces are poor reflectors of light.

An echo is a reflected sound. Hard and smooth surfaces are the best kind of surfaces to reflect sound. This is why your voice echoes so well in a gymnasium that has smooth wood floors and cement walls. On the other hand, sound does not reflect (echo) well on rough and soft surfaces. This is why you voice does not echo well in a carpeted room.

How does Howard Zinn discuss the class struggles that become apparent during the Progressive Era in Chapter 13 of A People's History of the United...

Zinn takes time in the chapter to discuss the grievances that several groups have at the beginning of the 20th Century. These groups include unskilled workers, new immigrants, women, and African-Americans. Zinn goes into great detail about how these groups are responding to their place at the bottom of society. The first decade of the Twentieth Century saw an increase in strikes, most of them becoming violent at some point in time. Many at the bottom of society have turned to socialism, as it has become mainstreamed. The problems of society are now being reported by a group of journalists known as the muckrakers. The decade is one of overt class struggle.

Through this class struggle, the lower classes have turned to more radical organizations to fight the establishment. The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), a more aggressive and inclusive labor union, has orchestrated strikes for unskilled laborers across the nation. Most of their activities become violent, through no fault of their own. African-Americans have organized themselves with the formation of the Urban League and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Women are becoming more involved in the union movement and the fight for suffrage. The period between 1890 and the beginning of World War I was a very turbulent time on the domestic front in the United States.

While history books tell of a great reform movement that targeted the excesses of corporate America, Zinn sees the Progressive Movement differently. Zinn views Progressivism as the upper-class response in this struggle. In other words, the government, guided by the hand of corporate leadership, made reforms in an effort to stem the tide of socialism and radicalism in the United States. This was done to protect the capitalist system that made them wealthy. The hope was that a middle-class would be established to buffer the pressures being exerted on the upper-class, by the lower-class. In this way, business leadership actually became more powerful during the Progressive Era of reform.

What kind of rulers will Miranda and Ferdinand be? Are Miranda and Ferdinand too weak to rule after we have seen them manipulated by Prospero and...

It is difficult to determine with certainty whether Ferdinand and Miranda will be weak leaders, but they will likely be kind and just rulers. Prospero partially controls Miranda, a teenage girl and his own daughter, by using magic. He also uses sorcery to manipulate Ferdinand. It is unlikely that Ferdinand and Miranda will have to worry about their fathers controlling them when they come into power. They will have gained in wisdom, their parents may very well be gone, and Prospero will have already given up his wizardry.

Miranda and Ferdinand seem to be tender-hearted youths. She cries when she sees the tempest, begging her father to stop: “I have suffered / With those that I saw suffer.” She not only offers compassion to almost anyone, she speaks up about how she feels, even when her father rebukes her. Ferdinand also shows courage by attempting to fight Prospero, who is able to stop him with magic. Also, Ferdinand is so taken with Miranda, he agrees to Prospero’s tests of menial labor because “she is / Ten times more gentle than her father's crabbed, / And he's composed of harshness.”

From what we know, Ferdinand and Miranda are good people, curious, kindly, and brave. They are manipulated only in extreme circumstances and in their youth, and it is very possible that their resolution and strength will grow with age.

What are some literary devices in Act V of Julius Caesar?

Shakespeare uses allusion, simile, metaphor, personification and foreshadowing in Act V of Julius Caesar. An allusion is a reference to a person, place, event, literary work or work of art. In Scene 1, during the parley (conference between enemies) Cassius alludes to the "Hybla bees," comparing their sweet honey to the words of Antony. The bees, from the town of Hybla in Sicily, were well known for their honey.

Also during the parley, Antony uses similes to describe those who killed Caesar. A simile is a comparison of two unlike things using like or as. He compares them to grinning apes, obedient "hounds" and a mongrel dog (cur):

Villains, you did not so when your vile daggers
Hacked one another in the sides of Caesar.
You showed your teeth like apes and fawned like
hounds
And bowed like bondmen, kissing Caesar’s feet,
Whilst damnèd Casca, like a cur, behind
Struck Caesar on the neck. O you flatterers!

Like a simile, a metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things, but does not use like or as. In Scene 3, after Cassius commits suicide, Titinius compares Cassius to a setting sun. His comparison likens Cassius's demise to that of the Roman Republic for which the conspirators fought:

But Cassius is no more. O setting sun,
As in thy red rays thou dost sink to night,
So in his red blood Cassius’ day is set.
The sun of Rome is set. Our day is gone;
Clouds, dews, and dangers come. Our deeds are
done.

Personification occurs when a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics. Messala uses personification when he refers to Cassius's mistaken idea that his army had already lost the battle. This "Error" is personified as a "Melancholy child" conceived by Cassius, who is said to be its mother:

O hateful error, melancholy’s child,
Why dost thou show to the apt thoughts of men
The things that are not? O error, soon conceived,
Thou never com’st unto a happy birth
But kill’st the mother that engendered thee!

Finally, Shakespeare foreshadows Brutus's death in Scene 4 with the words of Lucilius, who has been taken prisoner by Antony. Foreshadowing occurs when clues are given to suggest what may take place next. Lucilius accurately predicts that Brutus will not be taken alive by the forces of Antony and Octavius:

Safe, Antony, Brutus is safe enough.
I dare assure thee that no enemy
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus.

Brutus does commit suicide in the final scene of the Act just before his enemies arrive.

What is the geographical, physical, and historical setting of "The Cask of Amontillado?"

"The Cask of Amontillado" by Edgar Allan Poe is set in one of the older and wealthier cities of Italy. Although the name of the city is not specified, Venice is a likely possibility. It is narrated in the first person by Montresor, who appears relatively wealthy, given the size of his palazzo and his having servants and being able to afford fine wines, although he may have been from a formerly wealthy family that has fallen on hard times.

The narrator at the end says that the events took place fifty years ago; the narrator himself appears to be on his death bed confessing his sins before being given last rites. Although no actual dates are given, the mention of "British and Austrian millionaires" suggests late eighteenth or early nineteenth century for a general period. The time of year is Carnival, the celebration that precedes Ash Wednesday and the first day of Lent; the specific date of Carnival varies depending on the date of Easter, which changes from year to year.

There are two locations of the main events of the story, outside at Carnival and indoors in the catacombs of Montresor's palazzo. 

Why was Charles Dickens so important during the victorian age?

Dickens was a major player in Victorian social reform, as lots of his stories told tales of impoverished people and criticized the exploitation of the lower classes by members of the upper class. In literature and in popular cultural narrative, poorer people often go unnoticed. Their lives have historically been undocumented and left out of writing because they were not considered interesting or worthy of attention. Dickens had a rough childhood; his father spent time in a debtors prison and young Charles worked among impoverished people in a shoeblacking warehouse.

Charles Dickens believed the novel could be used as a catalyst for change by spreading awareness about social and moral ills. He was unafraid to shine a light on child abuse, unsanitary living conditions, the dangers of factory work, poor conditions for education, and the tangled Victorian legal system. Dickens not only held up the metaphorical mirror to Victorian society, he pointed out the very real flaws he saw.

What is a brief account of the historical evolution of Indian classical dance?

Indian classical dance is a tradition that extends back more than 5000 years, making it one of the oldest sustained art forms in existence. Images of Indian classical dance can be found on the sculptures of ancient Indian temples, as well as monuments. Unlike modern dance forms, which rely on continued innovation and abstract expression, Indian classical dance is often a strict, preserved dance form that has little variation across time. The dance is often learned visually, with dancers taking cues from the sculptures and drawings of classical dancers. These drawings often come from ancient Indian temples. 

One of the oldest Indian scriptures is called the "Natya Shastra," and it is nearly 2000 years old. The Natya Shastra is potentially the oldest surviving text on Indian classical dance, and it has a detailed list of rules that cover nearly all aspects of the art form. When a person is discussing Indian classical dance, they are typically discussing the movements and techniques described in the Natya Shastra. There have been variations on the Natya Shastra, with many contemporary dancers expanding on the stories, depictions and techniques described in the text. However, many of the contemporary Indian dance forms remain similar to the original movements.

What is the most significant moment in Stave Two of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens?

In Stave Two Scrooge is visited by the first of the three spirits Marley's Ghost told him would come. The Spirit of Christmas Past takes Scrooge to visit several scenes of his own past and one of his former fiance's past. Many of these events are significant, and we can see Scrooge already beginning to change and soften. The first indication he is softening is when Scrooge looks upon himself as a lonely boy at boarding school. All the other boys have gone home for the holiday, but he is left reading all by himself in the barren, cheerless room. This causes Scrooge to wish he had treated the Christmas caroler who came to his shop the previous evening with more kindness.

Next we see another Christmas where Scrooge is again left alone as a child, but his sister, Fan, comes to invite him home. Although not stated explicitly, we suspect this makes Scrooge think more fondly of his nephew, Fan's only son, since he grows uneasy when the Spirit points out Fan has died, leaving a child.

The next scene is the Christmas party of Fezziwig, Scrooge's former employer. The raucous and joyous event hosted by the munificent Fezziwig stands in sharp contrast to Scrooge's cold and cheerless counting house and his treatment of Bob Cratchit. This event leads him to wish he could speak to Cratchit, presumably to correct some of the unkind things he has said and done toward him.

Next are the scenes of Scrooge's break-up with Belle and her married life after she broke off their engagement. These are the hardest scenes for Scrooge to watch, and he ends up telling the Spirit to torment him no more and, taking the Spirit's hat, tries to snuff him out.

One could argue that the scenes where Scrooge begins to change and have regrets are the most significant, and the one where he realizes he has not been a good employer to Cratchit would seem to be the most important of those because a change in that part of his life would make the most difference since he works almost every day. One could also argue that the scene where he tries to snuff out the Spirit is the most important, for it shows us that Scrooge is not yet tender enough and that the coming Spirits have much more work to do before he truly is able to "keep Christmas in his heart." 

Why did Shakespeare start Macbeth with the short scene of the witches?

Shakespeare begins Macbeth with a very intriguing scene involving the three Witches. This scene immediately draws in the viewer, as the Witches speak in confusing words accompanied by lightning and thunder. Shakespeare's job as a playwright was to immediately set an interesting scene and plot that would compel the audience to stay for the rest of the drama, and so he brought in the three Witches with their electrifying words and presence.

In addition, Shakespeare's patron, King James I, was very interested in witchcraft, so Shakespeare's first scene was designed to appeal to his patron. The use of witchcraft and the supernatural were likely of great interest to many members of the public as well, as Macbeth was written during a time when many people believed in witches and their power. 

Finally, the scene sets up the importance of the supernatural in the play and conveys the idea that what is to come is not natural. After all, the drama involves regicide, or the killing of the king, and Shakespeare had to convey to his audience that killing the king was neither natural nor right. 

What gives Charles and Lucie the greatest pleasure ?

Charles and Lucie gain the greatest pleasure in their family and close friends. This small community huddles against the coming shadows in their home off of Soho, in which Doctor Manette, Mr. Lorry, Miss Pross, Sydney Carton, and even Jerry Cruncher play crucial roles in each other’s lives. The coming of their first-born child, little Lucie, gives them great joy, seeing the sweetness that has been denied them in their own childhoods. Even the death of a son cannot not fully dim their happiness, believing that he has gone to a better place of peace, perhaps referring to the idea that this world is nothing more than a “vale of tears” that must be overcome. Their close-knit group seems to have shut themselves off from the outside world that has treated them so cruelly. Nevertheless, the outside world breaks through, claiming their attention and their joy, in which not all of them will return. This thus becomes a major theme of the novel: family.

How does "The Egg" correlate to World War I?

“The Egg” by Sherwood Anderson was published in 1920 following World War I. The story recounts the narrator’s childhood memories regarding his parents and their ambitions. He describes them as individuals searching for the American Dream. This was a common theme during this time period. During the war, industry boomed and the economy lifted. Men who were not fighting had ample opportunities for employment, along with women and African Americans. After the war ended, the soldiers came home and the workforce was again flooded with seasoned employees. Unemployment rose, the economy began to struggle and later plummeted during the Great Depression. These struggles are reflected in the father’s journey to “move up in the world,” as described by the narrator. The narrator’s vision of the American Dream is broken, paralleling other American’s experiences during the time after WWI.

What are two examples of dramatic irony in Julius Caesar?

Two examples of dramatic irony occur (1) in Act II, Scene 2 with Calpurnia's dream, which spurs her to plead with Caesar not to go to the Senate, and (2) in Act III, Scene 1.

Much of the action of Shakespeare's historical plays, such as Julius Caesar, take the form of dramatic irony, since the audience is familiar with much of the historical content in advance, while the characters remain unaware. However, there are specific examples that stand out as this type of irony, in which there is a contradiction between what a character believes and what the reader or audience knows to be true.

1. In Act II, Scene 2, Calpurnia rushes in to Caesar, begging him not to go the Senate. While the audience knows that Brutus has made up his mind to join the conspirators and the assassination is in the making, Caesar feels confident that nothing will happen to him, despite what his wife has seen in her dream, and not knowing what the audience knows. 

The gods do this in shame of cowardice.

Caesar should be a beast without a heart

If he should stay at home today for fear.

No, Caesar shall not. (2.2.41-44)

Caesar is convinced that his courage is merely being tested, so he ignores any warnings and goes to the Senate, but the audience knows that it is dangerous for him to go because they have been privy to Brutus's soliloquy in his garden, as well as the contents of the letter written by Artemidorus.

2. In Act III, Scene 1, as Caesar approaches the Capitol, he sees the soothsayer. Caesar remarks, "The ides of March are come." The Soothsayer replies, "Ay, Caesar, but not gone." Still Caesar ignores his earlier warning in his arrogance. When Artemidorus approaches and tries to hand him the paper that warns Caesar about the conspirators (readers/the audience have knowledge of the content of this paper from Act II, Scene 3). Caesar refuses: "What, is the fellow mad?" (3.1.9) he asks, and Publius pushes Artemidorus away before he can give Caesar his paper.

Because the audience knows that the contents of this paper urge Caesar to beware of Brutus and Cassius, Casca, Cinna, Treboniius, Metellus Cimber Decius Brutus, and Caius Ligarius--the conspirators--they are aware of the dangers Caesar faces while he is unaware of them.

In sonnets 18, 29, or 30, find an example of Shakespeare's deviation from structure and explain its effect.

Sonnet 29 is one of Shakespeare's most famous sonnets. It is a characteristic to be found in many of his sonnets that he deviates from the iambic pentameter lines at one turning point. In Sonnet 29, the emphasis in the following two lines is on the first syllable rather than on the second, as is standard with iambic feet.

Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
Like to the lark at break of day arising

The obvious purpose of deviation from straight iambic pentameter is to introduce an entirely new mood, which is in sharp contrast to all the morbid thoughts that have led up to it. The poet haply remembers the person he loves and his mood changes to one of supreme happiness. He wouldn't exchange his state with kings.

There is only one figure of speech in the entire sonnet. It is appropriate that the meter should be slightly changed here to prepare for it. It is one of the most beautiful similes Shakespeare ever created.

Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,|
Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven's gate;

One of the features that makes these lines so beautiful is the alliteration of "S" sounds which simulate the notes of a skylark singing as it flies all the way up to heaven. These "S" sounds are seen and heard in "arising," "sullen," "sings," "hymns," and "heaven's." There are actually six "S" sounds, because the "S" in "sings" can be heard twice. 

What are the summaries of all the chapters in The Bronze Bow?

Here are the main events of each chapter of The Bronze Bow.

1: Daniel meets the young twins, Joel and Malthace, on the mountain and they discuss the Messiah.

2. Rosh’s band ambushes a passing caravan and steals the slave Samson. Daniel removes the slave’s shackles and Samson bows to him.

3. Simon comes to the mountain camp to tell Daniel Amalek is dead. Daniel returns to the village to visit his grandmother and sister.

4. Daniel goes to synagogue with Simon and sees and hears Jesus. After having a close call with a Roman soldier, he returns to the mountain.

5. Daniel visits Joel at his home in Capernaum; he stays to dinner and gets in an argument with Joel’s father, Hezron, who asks him to leave.

6. Daniel gets into an altercation with a Roman soldier and is wounded by a spear. He escapes to Joel’s house where Thacia lets him in. He passes out from the trauma of his wound.

7. Joel and Thacia hide Daniel in a secret chamber and nurse his wound. They become friends and take a vow to fight together “for God’s Victory.” They take the bronze bow as their symbol.

8. Rosh charges Daniel with repairing a knife, so Daniel must find Simon. He and Joel go to look for him in Bethsaida where Jesus is preaching. They witness healings by Jesus and hear him speak. Simon tells Daniel he is joining Jesus but sends him to someone to help with the knife.

9. Rosh gives Daniel a solo assignment to rob an old man. He does so, but regrets it when the man reminds him of his grandfather. Rosh and Daniel argue, and Daniel begins to doubt Josh as a leader as the words of Jesus echo in his mind.

10. Daniel’s grandmother is dying; Daniel is at her house when she passes away.

11. Simon offers to let Daniel work and live in his blacksmith shop so he can support his sister.

12. Daniel and a young man named Nathan start a group of young men in the city who will be a satellite band for Rosh with the goal of defeating the Romans.

13. Joel and Thacia visit Daniel at his home. Thacia befriends Leah.

14. Leah divulges to Daniel that she is interested in a Roman soldier, and Daniel is furious. He goes back to the mountain and Samson is glad to see him.

15. Daniel spends time listening to Jesus preach. He makes a tiny bronze cloak pin in the shape of a bow to remind him of his purpose.

16. Daniel recruits Joel to spy for Rosh. Daniel gives Thacia the bronze bow pin as a thank-you for how she has befriended Leah. Thacia suggests taking Leah to Jesus for healing. Daniel seems to be developing romantic feelings towards Thacia.

17. Daniel and his band of young men destroy a Roman watchtower.

18. Joel is captured by Romans for spying for Rosh and will be taken to the galleys. Daniel goes to Rosh for help rescuing Joel, but Rosh refuses. Daniel says his band will carry out the rescue themselves.

19. During the attack, Samson joins in. Joel is rescued, but Samson and Nathan are killed.

20. Joel comes to Daniel’s home secretly and tells him he is being sent to Jerusalem by his father to go to school and their father is arranging a marriage for Thacia. He invites Daniel to a festival in Capernaum in four days.

21. Daniel goes to warn Jesus of danger, and they speak of his becoming a follower. Jesus tells Daniel he doesn’t want him to fight for him, but to do something much harder: to love for him.

22. Daniel goes to see Thacia dance at the festival, and he lets her know how he feels about her but that he knows they can never have a relationship. He returns home to find out from Leah that she has befriended a Roman soldier. He is furious and says unkind things; she retreats to her corner.

23. All Leah’s progress has been lost; Leah appears demon possessed. Daniel decides to seek out Jesus to heal her. Daniel meets Simon, and he explains that Jesus is the Messiah but will never lead them against Rome. Daniel decides to forget about Jesus.

24. Leah becomes very ill. Daniel gets word to Thacia, and she brings Jesus. Daniel realizes that only love can bend a bow of bronze and knowing Jesus is more important than anything else. Jesus heals Leah, and he heals Daniel of his hatred of the Romans.

How did Tom feel towards Mayella, and why was this considered offensive?

While Tom is on the witness stand, Mr. Gilmer questions him as to why he chose to help Mayella without receiving monetary compensation. Tom says that he volunteered to help Mayella because he felt sorry for her. Mayella had the difficult task of taking care of all her siblings and completing the household chores by herself. Mr. Gilmer is shocked at Tom's confession of sympathy for Mayella and pauses for a long time to let Tom's comment sink in. Scout mentions that "the damage was done" and Tom realizes that he made a mistake. The all white, racist jury finds Tom's feelings towards Mayella offensive because it is against the social conventions of the time for a black man to feel pity for a white person. In 1930's Alabama, black men occupied the lowest rung of society. It was unheard of and against the unwritten Southern code for a black man to pity a white individual.

What is the summary of Four Fish: The Future of the Last Wild Food by Paul Greenberg?

Four Fish begins with a graphic description of AquaBounty's plan to modify salmon genetically in order to make them bigger and more suitable for human consumption. To produce the salmon, a chinook was crossed with an ocean "pout." The company claims the fish would be sterile, but environmentalists (and many others, including salmon farmers) cried foul.

Later, Greenberg talks extensively about the problems in salmon farming. The first problem is that it often takes three pounds of other wild fish, used for feed, to get one salmon ready for production. The next main problem is salmon are farmed in "sea cages" often submerged near a different type of salmon. Not only can the salmon introduce parasites and diseases, but they can escape, negatively affecting the ecosystem. 

Greenberg wants to figure out ways to deal with these issues and uses his book to do so. He looks into the recycling of fish feces, the reduction of pollution, the use of better cages, and better control of growing conditions. Probably the newest idea suggested is the integration of salmon with other sea creatures in order to create an appropriate environment. 

In conclusion, Greenberg also proposed different feed and even using a completely different fish for human consumption altogether: the little-known arctic char. As Greenberg says:

Arctic char strike me as a good environmental compromise and to my palate, they’re pretty tasty.

Casca was loyal to whom in Julius Caesar?

Casca, a tribune, was loyal to the Roman people and felt that his duty was to kill Caesar to save them from themselves.  He felt that the Romans' love of Caesar was fanatical.  As for Caesar, Casca had little time for his histrionics.  Asked to describe the scene where Caesar refused the crown three times after Antony offered it, Casca described Caesar's actions as "mere foolery" (Act 1, Scene 2, line 236).  He mentioned that he thought of laughing as he watched, but refrained, "for fear of opening [his] lips and receiving the bad air" (Act 1, Scene 2, line 248).

In relaying the story in this way to Cassius and Brutus, Casca shows himself to be an early conspirator against Caesar.  Soon after, Casca will work with Cassius to develop the assassination plot and will, in fact, be the first to stab Caesar when the plot comes to fruition.

Why are many European countries having more difficulty with cultural pluralism than Canada and the United States? How can arrival of Muslim...

The first thing to establish is that European countries really are having a more difficult time with cultural pluralism. I think this is right, but it's not immediately obvious either way. When Donald Trump is leading the Republican primary in the US saying he wants to deport all Muslims, clearly even the US has a long way to go in terms of cultural pluralism. So it's worth looking carefully into which countries have done better and worse in absorbing immigrants from other cultures, and why that might be.

But I do think Europe is having a harder time of it lately, and I think the main reason for that is that Europe doesn't have nearly as long a history of mixing different cultures and ethnic groups as Canada and especially the US do. Most European nations were more or less defined by their ethnic groups until quite recently, and in very narrow ways---if you think French versus German is a silly distinction, try Czech versus Slovakian. The European Union has been either a cause or a consequence (or both) of greater cultural and economic integration across Europe; but the process is far from finished, and there are still many political and cultural conflicts even between countries within Europe.

This was in turn compounded by the sheer magnitude of immigration from predominantly-Muslim countries to Europe as a result of conflicts in the Middle East. There are now over 25 million Muslim immigrants in Europe, the majority of them in Russia. Some small countries such as Cyprus and Bulgaria are now over 10% Muslim when they were nowhere near that a few decades ago.

For comparison, the US only has about 2 million Muslim immigrants, and the vast majority of immigrants to the US are Christian, primarily from Latin America.

Since Europe and the US have comparable populations (the EU has about 510 million people, the US has about 320 million), the relative difference here is quite staggering.

Most economists concur that the long-run impact of immigration on a country's economy is positive. More workers entering the country means more GDP, and immigrants tend to be young and therefore have long work lives ahead of them. This is something Europe desperately needs, as their birth rates are now so low that their population is getting older and putting more and more strain on retirement systems.

The short-run impact is more mixed, however.

First, there are the cultural tensions such as we are observing; both the immigrants and the receiving nation will have to make adaptations to their practices in order to live together, but hope to do so without sacrificing their moral values. A good example of conflict here is hijab; many Muslim women consider wearing hijab to be a moral duty, while many Europeans consider this to be unjust oppression of the rights of women. Who is right is not entirely clear; perhaps neither are. But in any case the disagreement creates a great deal of friction.

Eventually, cultures that mix tend to resolve their differences and work together, and historically nations that are more culturally pluralistic are also more prosperous. For example, intermixing between Europe and the US or the US and Japan has contributed a great deal to innovations in art, science, and technology. But this process can take a very long time---generations, really---and a lot of damage can be done in the meantime. Racist and ethnocentrist attitudes and institutions can in fact persist for centuries.

Second, there are winners and losers in the economic game. Most immigrants are of a relatively low skill level, and tend to substitute for other low-skill workers, which can in the short run drive up unemployment and exacerbate poverty. The typical pattern is that immigrants are always good for high-skill workers (this is true even of high-skill immigrants), but are a mixed bag for low-skill workers, lowering their wages temporarily before raising them in the long run.

The immigrants, by the way, are almost always better off; that's why they were willing to go through the tremendous effort and risk involved in traveling thousands of miles in the first place. When assessing the costs and benefits of immigration, it's important not to leave them out of the equation.

Of course, there is little anyone can actually do to stop the immigration anyway---even radical, draconian policies would only slow it down, and would end up violating human rights on a huge scale. Instead we need to be finding ways to ease the transition, and help Europe absorb its newcomers with a minimum of conflict.

When does Juliet die in Romeo and Juliet?

Juliet dies by her own hand after awaking from the sleeping potion Friar Laurence gave her. When Juliet wakes up in her family mausoleum (her family, believing her dead, had placed her body there), she discovers Romeo's dead body next to her. He believed she was actually dead and took poison, collapsing dead by her side. Despite the Friar's entreaties, Juliet grabs Romeo's dagger and thrusts it into her heart. She falls dead, her body draped over Romeo's. This act is the culmination of a series of unfortunate events that demonstrate that the two lovers really are, as the chorus says at the beginning of the play, "star-cross'd." Their deaths do convince the two families, the Montagues and Capulets, that their feud has gone too far. In the presence of the corpses of their children, Montague and Capulet vow to end their long dispute.

In Act II of The Crucible, why does Hale not know the meaning behind the poppet?

In Act II, readers find that Hale has visited the Proctor's house on his own terms, and in no connection with the court. Because he is also involved with the proceedings, he is working on his own time to get a better idea of the religious nature of some of the families in Salem. He has specifically focused on the Proctors because Elizabeth Proctor's name was somewhat mentioned in the court proceedings earlier in the day. While examining the Proctor household, Hale observes that the family misses church often and only two out of the Proctors' three sons are baptized. 

Hale is unaware of the poppet for two reasons. First of all, he shows up to the house after Mary Warren has returned home, so he is unaware of the gift (the poppet) Mary gave Elizabeth. Secondly, although Elizabeth's name was brought up in court earlier in the day, Hale was under the impression that the idea of Elizabeth being a witch was quickly swept away as Mary Warren testified that she lived with Elizabeth and could clearly state she was not a witch, nor a woman who would partake in any sort of witchcraft. Furthermore, Hale had no knowledge, at that point, of the stunt Abigail had pulled at dinner when she claimed that a needle was found in her side and she knew the spirit of Abigail had put it there. Even more, Hale had no idea Cheever and Herrick were on their way to arrest Elizabeth. 

In the third stanza of a poison tree what happens when the speaker told his friend that he was angry? What happens when the speaker does not tell...

If I may, I'd like to clarify your question a bit.  The second line of the poem tells the reader that the speaker admitted his anger to his friend.  That wound up being a good thing, because his anger abated and his wrath went away. 

I was angry with my friend; 

I told my wrath, my wrath did end.

Following those two lines in the first stanza, the speaker announces that he was angry again.  But this time, he doesn't tell his foe.  That winds up being a mistake, because the harbored anger begins to grow. 

I was angry with my foe: 

I told it not, my wrath did grow. 

Stanza two narrates how the speaker nurtures and cares for his anger.  It gets bigger and bigger until it bears fruit in stanza three.  

And it grew both day and night. 

Till it bore an apple bright.

The narrator's enemy sees this fruit and attempts to steal it in stanza four.  That winds up being a mistake for him, because by the end of stanza four the foe is dead, and the narrator is really happy.  

In the morning glad I see; 

My foe outstretched beneath the tree.

Are calories and cellular respiration the same? What is the connection between them?

Calories and cellular respiration aren't really the same but they're related. A calorie is a unit of energy. The food that an organism consumes contains chemical potential energy that's measured in calories. A food Calorie, which is spelled with a capital C, is really a kilocalorie or 1000 calories.

Cellular respiration is a process that breaks down the glucose from digested food to release energy. It stores the energy or calories in ATP molecules for use in cellular processes. ATP is adenosine triphosphate. Here's the chemical equation for cellular respiration:

 + energy

One glucose molecule provides the energy to produce 38 ATP molecules through aerobic cellular respiration. The ATP is made by joining a phosphate to an ADP, adenosine diphosphate. One mole of ATP molecule provides 7.3 kilocalories, so a mole of glucose (180 grams) is converted to 38 x 7.3 = 277 kilocalories or food Calories stored in ATP. This represents about 40% of the calories in glucose, with the rest lost to heat.

How do I evaluate the significance of Lister’s work within the overall development of surgery?

To evaluate the significance of Joseph Lister’s work, you would have to consider that between fifty and eighty percent of surgical patients died prior to the development of proper sterilization techniques before and after surgical procedures. Through his work, Lister proved that unseen organisms, bacteria, were causing infections that killed people after undergoing surgery. He determined that cleanliness was of the utmost importance to the successful outcome of surgery. He applied the use of carbolic acid to clean the operating room, including the air, the surgical dressings, and the patient. In addition, he determined that if he worked with clean hands, instruments, and clothing, the spread of infection was reduced and surgical success increased. After he instituted these methods, infections after surgery in his hospital were reduced significantly. Although his methods were impressive, it took more than ten years for them to be put into practice throughout Europe. His findings were published in The Lancet in 1867.

Joseph Lister’s findings and procedures are important in contemporary operating rooms on a daily basis. Therefore, when evaluating Joseph Lister’s contributions, it is important to take into account the number of lives saved by the institution of sterile surgical procedures that continue to be perfected today.

How did Abigail manipulate Reverend Parris?

Abigail manipulates her uncle, Reverend Parris, throughout The Crucible with her lies. She not only lies about what she and the other girls were doing in the woods with Tituba, but she also lies to him about why she was fired by Elizabeth Proctor.  Abigail tells Parris that they were merely dancing in the woods until Betty and other girls begin to fall prey to the pressure being put upon them by their parents and the community.  When Tituba “confesses”, Abigail sees the opportunity to get out of trouble for going to the woods.  Suddenly, Abigail is able to point out witches and accuse others of “trafficking with the devil”.  Her lies change the community forever as the judges and Reverend Parris are willing to believe her.  Parris is afraid of losing his job as the town minister so it is in his best interest to go along with Abigail’s deception and fight against the witches and the devil supposedly present in Salem.

To save herself and her reputation, Abigail also lies to Parris as to why she was fired from the Proctor household. She tells him that Elizabeth was cold and mean and only wanted a slave.  Although Parris is suspicious, he goes along with her lies because he is too concerned with saving himself and his job. 

Abigail is a master manipulator because she knows how to lie and get what she wants.  Parris is a weak man who fears he will lose everything if it is found out that Abigail has been deceitful as well as a harlot for having an affair with John Proctor. 

In the end, Abigail sneaks out of Salem without taking any responsibility for the chaos and deaths she causes in Salem.

Show the Sturgis Rule Calculation and then fill in the chart for the Cell Boundaries N = 100 High Value = 111,200 Low Value = 74,800 (no values...

Sturges' rule is a way of calculating the number of bins (e.g. categories or classes) of a set of data. It is assumed that the data come from a normally distributed population.

Sturges' rule states that the number of bins should be the ceiling function of (1+log(2)n) (log base 2 of n, where the ceiling function returns the next higher integer.)

Here we have 1+log(2)100 is approximately 1+6.64385619=7.64385619 so the number of bins should be 8.

We can find the class width by (111200-74800)/8=4550, so we use 4551 as the class width. 

74799.5 - 79350.5
79350.5 - 83901.5
83901.5 - 88452.5
88452.5 - 93003.5
93003.5 - 97554.5
97554.5 - 102105.5
102105.5 - 106656.5
106656.5 - 111207.5

**If the data is in hundreds, the boundaries would be in 50's **

In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, what was Elizabeth's reaction to Mr. Darcy's proposal?

Mr. Darcy proposed to Elizabeth Bennet twice in Pride and Prejudice. The first time he proposes (chapter 34), Elizabeth is "astonished beyond expression." She was also angry that he said "will,...character..., and reason" told him to not propose to her. Moreover--having just heard that Darcy was the reason Bingley had decided to cease showing interest in Jane--Elizabeth could not imagine marrying the man who had been the cause of her sister's unhappiness. Thus, she rejects his proposal.

By Darcy's second proposal (chapter 58), Elizabeth has undergone a change of heart. Elizabeth puts away her prejudice against Darcy and views him as the honorable man he truly is beneath his seemingly-prideful exterior. This time, she expresses embarrassment at the excess of love Darcy seems to have for her (as well as her previous prejudice). This time, she accepts his proposal.

Complete the chemical equations for the reactions when tin and aluminum are heated. (Hint: Aluminum oxide is Al2O3 and tin oxide is SnO.)

The equation for the formation of aluminum oxide from aluminum and oxygen by beating aluminum in the presence of air is:

The reason that the formula of aluminum oxide is Al2O3 is because aluminum forms a +3 ion and oxygen forms a -2 ion. Elemental oxygen is diatomic, meaning that it exists in nature as O2. The subscripts of substances can't be changed so coefficients (multipliers) have to be added to balance the equations.

The equation for the formation of tin(II)oxide by heating tin in air is:

Again, coefficients must be added to have the same number of atoms on each side of the equation. Subscripts can't be changed because they are a quantitative description of the substance. 

Is it possible to establish a literary-historical line about the American dream in American literature? How can we do that?

There are indeed several ways to do this. The first step in this task is conceptual clarification. One can either research the history of the term "American Dream" or one can try to define the American Dream as a concept, and then chart a history of its conceptual development independent of the specific uses of the phrase. 

The origin of the phrase is credited to James Truslow Adams' 1931 book Epic of America. One way to use "big data" to look at the frequency of use of the phrase across time is by Google's Ngram viewer. The phrase appears to increase dramatically in frequency of usage starting in 1949, peaks in 1971, declines in the 1980s, has a second peak in 1994, and then tapers off in frequency of appearance. To trace the frequency of use in literary texts, one could do a narrower analysis of digitized texts by separating out ones you consider literary or doing a full text search in the MLA International Bibliography to find its use in literary criticism. 

A conceptual analysis would involve thinking about what American literary works tell a story of "rags to riches" success through hard work. This might include works of Ben Franklin, Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, and later works which address the issue satirically such as Albee's The American Dream and Miller's Death of a Salesman. 

What problems does Upton Sinclair associate with industrialization and what solutions does he appear to offer to these through The Jungle?

In The Jungle, one of the major problems Sinclair sees with Industrialization is its emphasis on money, something he hopes is minimized with an embrace of socialism.

A significant part of Jurgis's character is his willingness to work for money. When he says, "Leave it to me; leave it to me. I will earn more money—I will work harder," Sinclair makes a strong statement on what he feels is one of the major problems with industrialization.  The increase of industrialization in America has created a reality where money dictates all aspects of life. Sinclair traces all of the problems his characters face to this reality.  Poor living conditions in Chicago are because people cannot afford to live in a better area.  In these areas, workers must spend so much money in order to make ends meet:  "What had made the discovery all the more painful was that they were spending, at American prices, money which they had earned at home rates of wages – and so were really being cheated by the world! The last two days they had all but starved themselves – it made them quite sick to pay the prices that the railroad people asked them for food."  The unsanitary working conditions where food is prepared and where workers struggle are because the owners take short cuts in order to increase their profit.  When Jurgis mugs his first victim, his guilt is offset when he is reminded that the victim "was doing it to someone as hard as he could."  Ona must sacrifice her dignity and go to work as a prostitute in order to make money for her family. 

Sinclair sees industrialization as having created a reality where people are dehumanized in the face of money. People are treated as means to an end. Industrialization has limited individual freedom because economic accumulation is its only metric for success. It has created a system where workers toil for very little while owners make much more.  Sinclair believes that socialism would change this because of its call public ownership of wealth.  The communal approach to wealth is a compelling solution to the problems of private industrialization.  Sinclair feels that the Socialist call for improving everyone's condition can help to alleviate the sufferings that excessive industrialization has brought to so many in America.

What part will the band, Miss Thomas, and music play in Bud's new life?

I believe that the band, Miss Thomas, and music will play a significant part in Bud's new life. The band members seem to enjoy having Bud around and even give him a new nickname, Sleepy LaBone. They give Bud his own alto saxophone, and Steady Eddie tells him that he will give him lessons. The band will treat Bud like he is one of their members until he gets good enough at playing the saxophone to contribute musically to the band. Miss Thomas will play the role of Bud's mother in his new life. She is a caring woman who looks out for Bud throughout the novel. She convinced Herman to let him stay at the house and is understanding of Bud's difficult position. Music will play a huge part in Bud's new life. Bud's grandfather is musically talented, and Bud is extremely excited to begin practicing on his new alto saxophone. At the end of the novel, he is hoping that Steady Eddie comes early to begin giving him lessons. Constantly being around a band and continually practicing on his instrument will make Bud a successful musician in the future.

What does Toby do when Sarah and some of the other slaves can't stand the beatings any more?

In the old folktale, The People Could Fly, Toby tells Sarah and the other slaves to fly away when they can't stand the beatings any longer. According to the folktale, some of the African slaves keep their ability to fly a secret from their overseers.

When Sarah's baby cries from hunger, the overseer whips him even as he is strapped to Sarah's back. Later, Sarah is whipped so hard that she can no longer stand up. It is then that she begs her father, Toby, to say the magic words which will allow her to fly away. He agrees and proceeds to say the first of the magic words, 'Kum...yali, kum buba tambe...' Although Sarah's first foray into flight is initially awkward, her courage is soon strengthened when she feels the familiar African magic upon her.

As other slaves fall from exhaustion and pain, Toby speaks the familiar magic words which give them the strength and will to fly away. Eventually, the furious overseer prepares to kill Toby. However, his plans are thwarted when Toby speaks the magic words one last time and flies away with many of the slaves. Only the ones who cannot fly are left in the fields.

What is the theme of "The Necklace," by Guy de Maupassant?

The theme of "The Necklace," by Guy de Maupassant is most likely "honesty is the best policy." So many problems in the lives of the Loisels could have been avoided if Mme. Loisel had simply visited Mme. Forrestier the day after the party and explained what happened.

The Loisels were not wealthy, though Mme. Loisel believed she belonged in a higher social class. "She was simple since she could not be adorned; but she was unhappy as though kept out of her own class." She did have a wealthy friend in Mme. Forrestier, though, and Mme. Forrestier agreed to loan Mme. Loisel jewels to wear for the fancy party the Loisels would be attending. Unfortunately, Mme. Loisel lost the borrowed necklace after the party.

Instead of admitting the accident to her friend, Mme. Loisel and her husband decided to replace the necklace and return the new one as if it was the original. However, the Loisels did not have the money required to buy a replacement:

"In a shop in the Palais Royal, they found a diamond necklace that seemed to them absolutely like the one they were seeking. It was priced forty thousand francs. They could have it for thirty-six."

The next ten years of the Loisel's lives were negatively impacted by this one event: they borrowed and promised to repay loans from everyone they knew, they worked hard, and lived meagerly. Overtime, they adjusted. "Mme. Loisel learned the horrible life of the needy," and in the end, it can be said that she created her own misery.

As the story concludes, the old friends are reunited. Mme. Loisel finally admits the truth to Mme. Forrestier:

“I brought you back another just like it. And now for ten years we have been paying for it. You will understand that it was not easy for us, who had nothing. At last, it is done, and I am mighty glad.”

Unfortunately, the truth does not set Mme. Loisel free. Instead, it brings her more frustration and unhappiness than she could have imagined, because Mme. Forrestier admits that her original necklace was a fake! “Oh, my poor Mathilde. But mine were false. At most they were worth five hundred francs!”

Therefore, the theme of this story is "honesty is the best policy." Had the Loisels owned up to the truth to begin with, they would have saved themselves much pain and suffering.

What are examples of shared powers?

When the Constitution was written, the writers created a system of government known as federalism. That means some powers are shared between the state governments and the federal government.

There are some powers that belong only to the federal government. These powers are called the enumerated powers. They include making treaties, declaring war, and controlling interstate and foreign trade.

There also are some powers that belong only to the state governments. These are called the reserved powers. They include making decisions regarding education within a state and determining punishments for breaking state laws.

There are powers that are shared by both the state governments and the federal government. These are known as the concurrent powers. These include the power to tax, the power to borrow money, the power to build roads, and the power to create courts. We pay both state taxes and federal taxes. Both the state governments and the federal government can borrow money. The federal government has a huge debt. Some state governments are in debt also. We have federal interstate highways as well as state highways. Finally, we have federal courts that handle cases involving federal laws while state courts handle cases involving state laws.