Explain how Anne Frank describes her relationship with her mother in the Monday, 28 September, 1942 extract of Diary of a Young Girl.

Anne feels that her mother and the other adults are overly critical of her.

Anne has trouble with all of the adults in the Annex, except perhaps her father.  She struggles with both of the Van Daans and her mother.

I'm dying to tell you about another one of our clashes, but before I do I'd like to say this: I think it's odd that grown-ups quarrel so easily and so often and about such petty matters. (MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1942)

Anne thinks that the grown-ups are constantly fighting with her and messing with her.  They want to be actively involved in every aspect of her life, but she wants them to butt out.  Although Anne and her mother often argue, Anne’s mother defends her in this incident.

I agree that it's much better if a person isn't overmodest. My husband, Margot and Peter are all exceptionally modest. Your husband, Anne and I, though not exactly the opposite, don't let ourselves be pushed around." (MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 1942)

Anne’s mother knows that she stands up for herself.  She has conflicts with Anne over this all of the time.  Anne’s mother tells her what to do, or comments on her behavior, and Anne argues with her.  If her mother is not arguing with her, then one of the Van Daans is.  However, in this incident Anne’s mother is defending her.

Although Anne was in an extraordinary situation, she really is just a normal teenager.  She has big dreams and a big heart, and she has adults in her life who care about her but drive her crazy.  When you put a bunch of people in close quarters, there is bound to be some pushback.  Anne used her diary to help her cope with the strain of the situation.  It was a friend who would never judge her.

Can someone please help me rewrite or fix those mistakes on my argumentative paper attached below? Also, please help me come up with a better claim...

You have a very well organized essay here, but the issues your teacher has raised do point out the main problem: your supports don’t necessarily prove either your thesis or your topic sentences. Therefore, the problem with your essay can easily be fixed by making your thesis and topic sentences more clear and removing items that act as opposition (and putting them where they belong: in an opposition paragraph). It is a structural problem that could be improved upon even at the outline stage of an essay, but we can certainly work on it now. With a few simple changes, we can easily make your persuasive/argumentative piece a model essay.

In looking at your essay, it does seem that your teacher likes the idea of opposition included in an argumentative essay. I am going to suggest that, as a result, your paragraph structure look like this: introduction, opposition (first body paragraph), economic downturns (second body paragraph), the poverty cycle (third body paragraph), and conclusion. As it stands now, your last two body paragraphs are both about how government assistance tries to help. I am going to suggest to combine those into one (a final body paragraph).

INTRODUCTION AND THESIS

Your introductory paragraph is strong just the way it is. My suggestion would be to change your thesis to be more specific.

Original thesis: Some people may believe that there is a way to break the cycle of poverty, but in this essay I will argue that poverty has been a struggle historically that this will always be the case.

An Improved Suggestion: Despite a barrage of governmental programs designed to help, poverty will always exist due to continual economic downturns (such as Depressions and Recessions) and the cycle that poverty creates.

Reasoning: This is a very specific thesis statement refuting your opposition and stating the “rationale” your teacher asked for as to why poverty still exists. Your teacher put a box around “I will argue” because any time you use the word “I” in an essay, it weakens your argument. Just take it out. State everything as truth. This makes your essay stronger.

FIRST BODY PARAGRAPH: OPPOSITION

Now let us move on to your first body paragraph. Your first body paragraph is actually your strongest to support your thesis about poverty, so I would suggest moving it later and putting an actual opposition paragraph first. If you look back at the suggested thesis (above), you will see where I am getting the idea for the topic sentence.

New Topic Sentence: The United States government has unsuccessfully tried to create a large amount of governmental programs to help people out of poverty.

Supports: Any sentences in your essay that show how the government has truly “helped,” should go here in this paragraph. In my opinion, the first half of your second paragraph (your first “body paragraph”) should go here. This is why your teacher put a line on the left side of the last few sentences of that paragraph.

SECOND BODY PARAGRAPH: POVERTY DUE TO ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS

Original Topic Sentence: The rise in poverty is related to the Great Recession of 2007 which continues to the present day.

An Improved Suggestion: Due to our economic system of capitalism, both recessions and depressions are a continual economic reality.

Supports: The supports from the census bureau the second paragraph you have written should go here. Anything about what you call “the Great Recession” should go here. These are very good supports. I would suggest you add The Great Depression and its statistics as other supports here. This shows that the United States has a history of an economic roller coaster.

FINAL BODY PARAGRAPH: POVERTY CREATES A CYCLE

New Topic Sentence: It is evident from US History (and the US Census Bureau) that poverty creates a cycle.

Supports: The second half of your third paragraph absolutely belongs here. It is the group of sentences that begin with, “When families rely on government assistance …” and end with “… they will rely on the government for help. It is very important that you go back to the census bureau and find statistics to support this. This shouldn’t be very hard. Perhaps you could find the statistic about children of poverty remain in poverty as adults and/or number of poverty stricken teens that get pregnant. Any of the sentences you write that refer to the “cycle of poverty” also go here in this paragraph. Further, all of the statistics from your original fourth paragraph (your third body paragraph) go here. It is especially important to include the support about poverty rates only changing a tiny bit in times of recession and times of prosperity. I would also add the statistic from the Great Depression (when poverty was at 25%). That is only a 14% difference from our time of greatest prosperity that you cite (1973).

CONCLUSION

Reworded Thesis (which always goes first): Even though many United States programs are meant to help people out of poverty, the unfortunate truth is that poverty will always exist due to capitalistic downturns and the poverty cycle.

Much of your conclusion can stay the same, but be careful not to say “it is true that” the cycle of poverty could end, “but it is never going to work that way.” That is a paradox. Just sum up your essay and then end with another powerful quotation about poverty similar to the one in your introduction.

What is the meaning of Poem IV in Rabindranath Tagore's "Gitanjali?"

The speaker is a highly devoted person who just wants to please God. He is prepared to do so by singing songs for Him. The poet thinks his life is “useless” and “without a purpose.”

In thy world I have no work to do;

It “can only break out in tunes,” if God “commands” him to serve Him through his songs. This implies that his life can find its true purpose only if his songs could please God.

“The dark temple of midnight” may refer to the dark hour of his life. He expresses his desire to sing Him hymns during the time of hardship and suffering.

The poet knows it very well that remembering God at the time of pain and agony is much easier than worshipping Him during the moments of success and happiness. So, he requests God for “commanding my presence” to sing for him “in the morning air.” "The morning air" suggests the joyful hour of life. 

We see the speaker wants every moment of his life to be dedicated in praising and pleasing God. He doesn't want anything to prevent him doing so, neither the pains nor the joys.

The poet seems to have realized the futility of life if it's devoid of devotion to God and spiritual longing. The “useless life” can find its purpose only in the service of God.

Being a poet and lyricist, Tagore wishes to make his life meaningful and fulfilling by rendering his songs in the service of the Almighty.

A body of the mass m is dropped from a height h. At half way to the ground, what is the total energy of a body?

Hello!

I suppose that the process takes place near Earth's surface.

The full energy of a body is the sum of its kinetic and potential energy. The kinetic energy is equal to

where is the speed.

The potential energy may be computed with respect to any fixed level. If this level is as usual a ground level, then this energy is equal to

where is the gravity acceleration.

To find the full energy, we can find the speed at the half way and use it. But it is simpler to use energy conservation law and note that the full energy will be the same at any moment.

The simplest moment to consider is the initial position. The speed is zero yet and the full energy is only the potential energy m*g*h. This is the answer:)

What details in the story suggest that Miss Brill might be having some health problems and might even be reaching the end of her life?

Our first clue that Miss Brill might be having some health problems is the fact that, as she walked her to park, "She felt a tingling in her hands and arms [...]."  This isn't a particularly normal feeling to have just from walking, as she supposed it to be.  Such a tingling could be a sign of neuropathy (a symptom typically associated with diabetes), and is often considered to be a condition of the elderly.  

Further, as Miss Brill sits on her usual bench at the park, she looks around and notices that everyone around her had "something funny" about them: "The were odd, silent, nearly all old, and from the way they stared they looked as though they'd just come from dark little rooms or even -- even cupboards!"  She notices that everyone around her is old, but it doesn't appear to make her question whether she is old herself.  Moreover, a reader might imagine that going to the park on a Sunday afternoon to listen to a band play is rather an older person's behavior. Her similarity to these "old" people is strengthened by the description of her home in final paragraph.  The narrator tells us that, today, Miss Brill passed by the baker's on her way home, and went straight back to "the dark little room-- her room like a cupboard [...]."  This is precisely the kind of place she believes these "old" people have come from, and we learn, in the end, that she has come from exactly the same kind of place.

Finally, when a young couple sits down next to her, the boy describes Miss Brill as "that stupid old thing at the end there" and suggests that everyone would wish her to "keep her silly old mug at home."  While these statements are unkind, they do show us the way Miss Brill is viewed by someone more youthful.  

This seems to be the moment when Miss Brill understands that she, too, is one of the old people as it is what causes her to break with her typical routine at the baker's.  When she gets home, she takes off the fur fox she'd worn to the park and imagines that she hears it crying when she puts it back into its box.  However, we know that it cannot cry and so the crying must be coming from Miss Brill, and this connects her to the fox which the narrator described earlier in the story.  Miss Brill had

taken it out of its box that afternoon, shaken out the moth-powder, given it a good brush, and rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes.  "What has been happening to me?" said the sad little eyes [....]  But the nose, which was of some black composition, wasn't at all firm.  It must have had a knock somehow.

We might now come to understand that the fox is actually symbolic of Miss Brill.  She, too, is rather dated and musty, having been kept in a little box of her own (her cupboard-like room), with dim eyes that likely signal her age.  While her nose is still attached, it could look quite different in her old age from how it once did; her skin is likely wrinkled and a bit sagged, changing her features from what they were when she was young.

All of these details point to the fact that Miss Brill is likely well into her old age, without even realizing it herself until the very end of the story.  And it seems to be this realization that, in the end, makes her cry.

How is Cassio's death supposed to inspire Othello?

Othello would be inspired by Cassio's death since he believes that Cassio was making him a cuckold by having an affair with his wife Desdemona. He would be inspired to kill Desdemona for the humiliation that he has suffered for her betrayal. Furthermore, he and Iago had made a pledge to kill the lovers, as suggested in the following extract:

... Till that a capable and wide revenge
Swallow them up. Now, by yond marble heaven,
Kneels
In the due reverence of a sacred vow
I here engage my words.

IAGO
Do not rise yet.

Kneels

Witness, you ever-burning lights above,
You elements that clip us round about,
Witness that here Iago doth give up
The execution of his wit, hands, heart,
To wrong'd Othello's service! Let him command,
And to obey shall be in me remorse,
What bloody business ever.

Iago here vows to give up everything he has to assist Othello in his revenge. This act is part of Iago's charade in manipulating Othello. He has subtly convinced the general that his erstwhile lieutenant and his wife were having an affair. Iago has now also mentioned that Cassio had been wiping his beard by using a precious handkerchief that he had given Desdemona as a wedding gift. The object has great sentimental value and significance for Othello and he believes that the only way Cassio could have it in his possession would be if Desdemona had given it to him. This, to him, is more than enough evidence that he is being cheated.

When Iago later manipulates events so that Othello actually sees the handkerchief in Cassio's possession during a conversation with Bianca, the general is even more convinced of his partner and his previous lieutenant's dishonesty. He reasons with Iago about the best way the two should be killed.

OTHELLO
Get me some poison, Iago; this night: I'll not
expostulate with her, lest her body and beauty
unprovide my mind again: this night, Iago.

IAGO
Do it not with poison, strangle her in her bed, even
the bed she hath contaminated.

OTHELLO
Good, good: the justice of it pleases: very good.

IAGO
And for Cassio, let me be his undertaker: you
shall hear more by midnight.

OTHELLO
Excellent good.

Later, when Iago wounds Cassio in the leg and he cries out in pain, Othello believes that Iago has fulfilled his part and has killed him. He is encouraged to commit his part of the promise.

OTHELLO
The voice of Cassio: Iago keeps his word.

When he again hears Cassio's cries for help, he says:

OTHELLO
'Tis he:--O brave Iago, honest and just,
That hast such noble sense of thy friend's wrong!
Thou teachest me. Minion, your dear lies dead,
And your unblest fate hies: strumpet, I come.
Forth of my heart those charms, thine eyes, are blotted;
Thy bed, lust-stain'd, shall with lust's blood be spotted.

Othello is clearly motivated by what he believes to be Cassio's just murder. He then proceeds to Desdemona's chamber where he smothers her to death.

The tragedy is that Othello's insecurity turned him int a foolish and gullible puppet in Iago's pernicious and manipulative hands. When he finally discovers the truth, he tragically takes his own life. 

Why can a person with AIDS die from a simple flu that would not kill a healthy person?

The common infections, such as cold, flu, etc. are fought by the immune system of our body. Specifically, the white blood cells or WBCs are the fighters against foreign infections.

When a person becomes infected with HIV or human immunodeficiency virus, the count of these fighters start decreasing. More specifically, HIV starts destroying the CD4+ T cells, thus damaging the body's natural immunity. A healthy human being contains 600-1200 CD4+ T cells per cubic millimeter of blood. However, this count starts falling when the body is infected with HIV.

AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the final stage of HIV infection. An AIDS patient has less than 200 CD4+ T cells per cubic millimeter of blood. At this stage, the body's natural immunity is more or less destroyed and simple infections are fatal. A healthy human body (HIV negative) can fight these infections easily, an AIDS patient cannot. 

Kindly note that HIV infection is different from AIDS (it is only the advanced stage of infection). An HIV-positive person can live for a number of years before being diagnosed with AIDS. 

Hope this helps.

Please help me find a quote with the word "elaborate" in it in this pdf:...

Whenever you are in a PDF document, you can search inside the PDF by pressing "Ctrl" and "F" at the same time. That brings up a search bar that you can type a word or group of words into.

Using that technique, you'll be able to find two quotes in the book containing the word elaborate. Elaborate can be either an adjective or a verb. Both times the word is used in The Egypt Game, it's used as an adjective. The adjective form of this word means "detailed or complicated; requiring careful planning." Here are the two quotes.

From chapter 4: "With elaborate caution they made their way out of the back door of the Casa Rosada and down the alley." In this sentence, the children pretend they're being followed, so they act with exaggerated secrecy. 

From chapter 17: "April bowed low before him and started in on an elaborate ceremony, using some of the old things they’d done before and some new ones she’d just thought up." Here April performs a detailed and complicated series of actions that she creates as part of the game.

In both sentences, you could replace the word elaborate with complicated as a suitable synonym.

In "The Cask of Amontillado," are there ways that the narrator might be manipulating the truth?

Absolutely!  The narrator, Montresor's, very first line indicates the heightened emotion he feels surrounding the events of this story and, therefore, establishes a motive for exaggeration or manipulation.  He says, "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge" (my emphasis).  This kind of exaggeration of the truth is called overstatement, or hyperbole, and it shows us how very wounded Montresor felt.  Overstatement is used to emphasize the truth, and so we can understand that Montresor felt he'd been injured a thousand times by Fortunato, even though it was likely not that many.  Here, he begins to attempt to justify his murder of the man.  

It also seems as though Montresor has a guilty conscience, as, he says in the last paragraph, that he has kept this secret for "half a century."  To keep a secret like this so long would surely weigh on a person, and the fact that he feels the need to tell it now indicates that he wants to clear his conscience.  Montresor seems to be on his deathbed, confessing his sins to a priest because only a member of the clergy would be likely to know, as he puts it in the first paragraph, "the nature of [his] soul."  His guilty conscience might make him even more likely to paint as terrible a picture of his victim as possible so that he can further justify the murder.

For that reason, perhaps, it is very evident that he dislikes Fortunato, even though he admits that, aside from his one weak point, "he was a man to be respected and even feared."  Thus, if Fortunato was a man who everyone -- including the person who murdered him -- respects and fears, he is likely not as awful as Montresor makes him out to be.  Aside from his pride, he sounds like a decent person.

In the end, Montresor's wounded pride and guilty conscience are both very plausible reasons that he would manipulate the facts of his story.  He wants to make his acts seem as justifiable as possible because he is anxious to relieve his guilty conscience before he dies.

What is the importance of carbon and its compounds in food?

To begin with, all the food that we eat, whether it is vegetables, fruits, grains or meat and all the beverages that we drink (such as milk, juices, soda, alcoholic beverages, etc.), are all carbon compounds. That is, organic compounds. The energy that we need to metabolize the food is also a product of metabolism of organic food material (through cellular respiration). The energy required to cook food is mostly available through fossil fuels (whether directly or indirectly), such as coal, natural gas, etc. The energy required to grow, harvest, store and transport the food material also (mostly) comes from carbon-based fuels, such as coal, petrol, diesel, natural gas, etc. Thus, our food and its generation, consumption, and metabolism cycle is more or less carbon-dependent. 

Hope this helps. 

What are some comparisons or contrasts between Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye and various characters from Othello by William...

The character from Othello who most readily draws out comparisons and contrasts to Holden Caulfield may be Iago, the play's scheming villain.  At first glance the two seem completely dissimilar.  Holden is essentially a good character with his own moral code, though he has a few weaknesses and vices.  Iago, on the other hand, is determined to do evil to undeserving people purely out of spite.  However, the insight Shakespeare gives us into Iago's mindset and his role as the catalyst for all action in the play make him a worthy character to discuss next to Holden Caulfield.

Holden's main motivation is to do good while Iago's main motivation is to do evil.  Holden aspires to imitate the "catcher in the rye" from his fantasy about children running through a rye field towards a cliff.  He values the innocence and safety of children and is furious when he discovers someone has written hurtful curse words on an elementary school wall.  He is afraid children will read them and have their minds polluted by hate, and he goes as far as to try to erase them.  Meanwhile, Iago wants to ruin Othello and drive him to murder, and he seems to realize that his obsession is irrational.  He wants revenge for the mere idea that Othello has been "twixt his sheets" with Emilia, or in other words has slept with her, and the mere suspicion "will do as surety."  Othello has passed Iago over for a promotion in favor of the less qualified Michael Cassio, which Iago recognizes as a normal occurrence in "the curse of service," military life.  Even so, he wants Othello to pay for the insult with death and disgrace.  In the same situation, Holden would probably withdraw in the way that he ran away from phony rewards for phony behavior at Pencey Prep.

As different as they are, Iago and Holden are the characters with the richest inner lives in these two stories.  Holden narrates his whole novel, and the novel is more about his feelings and perceptions than it is about the events of the story.  The reader constantly sees his attitudes towards school, sex, adult life, and children.  In the same way, Iago is the one character in "Othello" who frequently speaks to the audience and describes the inner workings of his own mind as he makes his evil plans.  We learn his feelings about underlings in service of their bosses, his perceptions of Othello's moral character as a husband (which he judges to be excellent), and his duplicitous inner dialogue.  While he outwardly makes small talk and tells humorous rhymes, we can see that inside he is thinking about his revenge. 

Iago is the force that drives the story.  Without his plotting, Othello and Desdemona would live a boring, happy life together and there would be no play for us to watch.  In the same way, Holden causes the action of "A Catcher in the Rye" by escaping Pencey Prep for an adventure in New York City.  As different as they are, one good and one evil, these two characters are absolutely essential to the drama of their stories, and they are also the only ones who share the inner workings of their minds with us.

In "Winter Dreams," what are some of the fantasies about summer that Dexter indulges in at the Sherry Island golf club?

In "Winter Dreams," Dexter's fantasies relate to his acceptance by established members of the Sherry Island golf club.

Dexter was not poor.  However, it is very clear that as a caddy, he is not part of the socially accepted elite that populate the Sherry Island golf club.  He might caddy "only for pocket money," but he finds the world of the Sherry Island Golf Club extremely appealing.  It helps to fuel his "winter dreams" that "command imaginary audiences and armies."  

One of Dexter's fantasies involves his his talent at golf.  He defeats "Mr. T.A. Hedrick in a marvelous match played a hundred times over the fairways of his imagination."  This fantasy sometimes unfolds with defeating Hedrick in a dominant manner or coming from far behind to best him.  Another fantasy involves his swimming abilities.  He fantasizes about how he would astonish members with his swimming abilities by giving "an exhibition of fancy diving from the spring- board of the club raft."  As he astonishes the crowd, Dexter imagines that club members like Mr. Mortimer Jones would watch him in "open-mouthed wonder."  

In Dexter's fantasies, his impressive presence at the Sherry Island golf club enables others to view him with wonder and awe.  Dexter's fantasies move him from being an "outsider" to a part of the established and elite members of the Sherry Island golf club.

What did Dan Cody teach Gatsby?

At the beginning of Chapter 6, Nick gives us the background on Gatsby.  Nick says that after Gatsby met and worked for Dan Cody for five years, "He was left with his singularly appropriate education; the vague contour of Jay Gatsby had filled out to the substantiality of a man."  

In the five years that Gatsby worked for Cody, "he [Gatsby] was in turn steward, mate, skipper, secretary, and even jailor, for Dan Cody sober knew what lavish doings Dan Cody drunk might soon be about, and he provided for such contingencies by reposing more and more trust in Gatsby."  Gatsby learned quickly what alcohol could do to a man, which is why the reader never sees him drinking, even when his parties are overflowing with liquor.  He also learned what it meant to be rich, traveling around "the Continent" three times.  Basically, Gatsby learned how to be Jay Gatsby instead of James Gatz, the young man from Minnesota farmers.  

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, what role does Atticus's warning that "it's a sin to kill a mockingbird" play in Scout's life?

In Chapter 10 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, soon after the Finch children receive the air riffles they had asked for as gifts for Christmas, Atticus shows his general displeasure in the idea of killing living things. He tells the children he would rather see them shoot at tin cans but understands they'll be tempted to "go after birds." He then gives them the advice upon which the title of the book is based. Scout is so surprised by his use of the word "sin" that she asks Miss Maudie what he means. Miss Maudie explains that other birds can be nuisances by eating up gardens and other misdeeds, but mockingbirds "don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us" (Ch. 10). Through this explanation, Scout is able to understand that it is wrong to harm anyone or anything that is innocent and does nothing but bring pleasure.

Though it takes Scout a while to absorb her father's advice, by the end of the novel, Scout has matured to the point that she can appreciate its full importance and act upon it. By the end of the novel, Scout comes to understand that it was their neighbor Arthur (Boo) Radley who saved Scout's and Jem's lives by attacking and killing Bob Ewell with a kitchen knife from the Radley home. She further understands Sheriff Heck Tate's reasons for insisting Atticus not pursue the issue in court but rather keep things quiet. Sheriff Tate argues that it's not "against the law for a citizen to do his utmost to prevent a crime from being committed"; furthermore, it would be a sin to drag shy Arthur "into the limelight." Scout agrees with all Sheriff Tate argues and says to her father that exposing Arthur would be "sort of like shootin' a mockingbird, wouldn't it?" (Ch. 30). In other words, Scout is asserting that it would be wrong to harm Arthur when all he has done is provide pleasure by caring for the Finch children, which shows just how much she has finally been affected by her father's advice to protect the innocent. She has been affected to the point that the advice now governs her thoughts.

Prior to this moment in the book, Scout struggles greatly with the concept of not harming the innocent. We see her struggle when she aims her air riffle at Miss Maudie's rear end in Chapter 10 and again when she nearly squashes a roly-poly near her cot one summer evening in Chapter 25. In contrast, Jem shows he has internalized the lesson of not harming the innocent when he commands her not to squash the bug and to "set him on the the back steps" instead. Scout's transition from struggling to understand to finally understanding the need to protect the innocent shows just how much she has grown as a character through her encounters with evil in the world and her loss of innocence. It further shows her father's advice to protect the innocent has so deeply affected her that the advice now governs her actions.

What was the conflict in "Old Man at the Bridge"?

This is the type of story in which the conflict is not between the principal characters but between much larger forces whose struggle affects the lives of the little people unavoidably involved. On the one side of the great conflict is the army of the Loyalists. They are fighting to preserve the legally elected Spanish government. On the other side is the army of the Fascists under the leadership of Generalissimo Francisco Franco, who eventually won the rebellion because they were supported by the Fascist governments of Germany and Italy. The little people, such as the weary old man at the bridge, are forced to scramble to keep from getting crushed between the opposing juggernauts. The old man symbolizes the Spanish people in general. He is not concerned about the greater issues involved in the conflict. He isn't capable of understanding them. The Spanish Civil War was considered to be a prelude to World War II, which covered the entire globe and resulted in the deaths of some seventy million people, half of whom were civilians. The old man is only concerned about a few animals—a cat, two goats, and eight pigeons—which he had to leave behind when he fled the advancing Fascists. The narrator presents this slice-of-life as a picture of the face of war. The advancing Fascist army might be said to symbolize the great conflict which seems to be threatening much of the entire world. Hemingway's story was published in 1938. Britain and France declared war on Germany in 1939. America was drawn into the international conflict when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii in 1941.

In the Most Dangerous Game: 1- What is Zaroff’s favorite game (quarry) to hunt? 2- Explain the “feeling” that the sailors have for Ship...

Zaroff, according to himself, is a great hunter.  He admits to Rainsford that normal hunting of lions, tigers, and bears (oh my) has gotten boring.  

Hunting was beginning to bore me!

So in order to combat his hunting boredom, Zaroff invented a new prey.  A prey that could reason as well as he could.  

Every day I hunt, and I never grow bored now, for I have a quarry with which I can match my wits."

Rainsford's bewilderment showed in his face.

"I wanted the ideal animal to hunt," explained the general. "So I said, It must have courage, cunning, and, above all, it must be able to reason."

The prey that Zaroff invented is people.  Zaroff now hunts human beings.  

Zaroff stocks his hunting grounds with humans that wash up on his island.  The island is called "Ship Trap" because it has a tendency to sink ships on its shallow reef and rocks.  If Zaroff is running short on humans to hunt, he helps ships crash by turning on lights that indicate a channel toward the rocks.  

 "They indicate a channel," he said, "where there's none; giant rocks with razor edges crouch like a sea monster with wide-open jaws. They can crush a ship as easily as I crush this nut."

As for the sailors' feelings about the island, the reader is told right away in the story that sailors have a "curious dread" of the island.  That makes sense, since word would have gotten around that ships that pass too closely to the island end up sinking.  Between the rocks and Zaroff, no human ever survives the encounter with Ship Trap island.  That's why sailors are wary of the place.   

From the brief description of Mr. Jones and his wife what impression does author George Orwell give of them in Animal Farm?

In Animal Farm, George Orwell spends little time describing Mr. and Mrs. Jones of Manor Farm, but the description we do get portrays them as lazy, no-good folks. Mr. Jones is a drunk, and he expects the animals to do all the work on the farm. The animals are fed just enough to get by, depicting the Jones' couple as stingy with little compassion for their animals. The animals think of their human owners as slave drivers, who only think of themselves.

"Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs, he is too weak to pull the plough, he cannot run fast enough to catch rabbits. Yet he is lord of all the animals. He sets them to work, he gives back to them the bare minimum that will prevent them from starving, and the rest he keeps for himself" (Orwell 29).

So when the animals finally rebel, they are easily able to chase the cowardly Jones' off the farm. Mr. Jones tries to put up a fight, but he is quickly overtaken by the animals, and Mrs. Jones hears all the commotion, sees what is happening and quickly packs a bag. She goes in another direction and is able to safely leave the farm. Lazy, slave-driving cowards are words that best describe Mr. and Mrs. Jones. 

Why was the Panama Canal a feat of engineering ?

The Panama Canal project was marred by Yellow Fever and Malaria during the early stages of development. This is especially true during the attempts by the French to build a canal across the isthmus. A major engineering feat of the project that was realized by the American effort was the eradication of the disease to protect the safety of the workers.

When it was finally discovered that mosquitos transmitted these two deadly diseases, a comprehensive effort to eradicate the illness was undertaken. Marshes, ponds, and swamps were drained and major fumigation efforts were enacted to eliminate the mosquitoes near the labor camps. The program was very successful, which allowed the construction of the canal to proceed.

When you think of the construction of the canal, two challenges needed to be overcome. First, the Chagres River, which was very unpredictable and subject to violent flooding, needed to be tamed. This was accomplished by creating the world's largest dam (Gatun Dam), which in turn created the world's largest artificial lake. The lake prevented the need to dig the canal in that area because it would be a major stretch of the canal route.

The other challenge was the drastic change of elevation throughout the selected path of the canal. A system of locks, engineering feats themselves, was constructed to overcome the challenge of elevation.  In other areas, 100's of millions of cubic yards of soil were removed through heavy machinery.  The soil was transported by an intricate rail network, which was also an engineering accomplishment in its own right.  

How is Juliet's meeting with Paris in Friar Lawrence's cell an example of dramatic irony?

Dramatic irony in a literary work occurs when the reader or audience is aware of something that at least one of the characters in a scene does not know. Dramatic irony is a key element throughout Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.

Because of the feud between the Montagues and Capulets, when Romeo and Juliet fall in love, the couple has to hide their relationship. Up until the very end, the only other characters in the play who know about the love between the two are the Nurse and Friar Lawrence. The audience, of course, also knows the situation.

In Act III, Scene 5, Lord Capulet agrees to marry Juliet to Count Paris. Capulet is unaware that his daughter has secretly married Romeo. At the end of that scene Juliet defies her father and refuses to marry Paris. She then seeks counsel from Friar Lawrence.

In Act IV, Scene 1, Paris has come to Friar Lawrence's cell to ask him to perform the marriage. Count Paris does not know that the Friar has married Juliet to Romeo only the day before. When Juliet shows up she tries to sidestep the issue with Paris. Paris, not knowing her true feelings, calls her his "wife" and his "love."

Unfortunately for Paris, he never knows the truth about Juliet, as he is killed when he confronts Romeo at Juliet's tomb in Act V.

Why does Bilbo leave to join Bard and his men?

Bilbo leaves Thorin and co. to join Bard and the other people of Lake-town because Thorin forced him to do so. After the dragon Smaug destroyed part of their town, Bard and his people went to the Lonely Mountain to demand that Thorin and the Dwarves give them money, both for help they had given the Dwarves in the past and for damages done by Smaug. However, Thorin had already become entranced by the large amount of gold in the mountain, so he steadfastly refused to give the Men anything, despite how warmly they were treated when they first arrived in the town after escaping Mirkwood. At the same time, Thranduil and the Elves demand that Thorin and the Dwarves give them money for services rendered in the past. Thorin refused them as well.

This infuriated both Men and Elves, and Bilbo realized that a war was about to ensue when Thorin called upon his cousin Dain for help. In order to avoid war, Bilbo used the One Ring to sneak out of the mountain with the Arkenstone, which was a family heirloom and what Thorin was seeking most of all. Bilbo gives the Arkenstone to Bard and Thranduil as a way for them to negotiate peace with the Dwarves, and then he returns to the mountain as if nothing had happened. When Bard and Thranduil arrive at the mountain with the Arkenstone, it comes out that Bilbo had given it to them, and Thorin is furious about this betrayal, so he casts Bilbo out of the mountain. Once he was out of the mountain, he decided to join Bard and his men in order to help in whatever way he could.

In "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" what happens to the travelers at the camp?

The shortest answer possible to your question is this: all but two of the travelers die at the camp.  

The travelers that wind up at the camp are John Oakhurst, Mother Shipton, Duchess, Tom Simson, Piney Woods, and Uncle Billy.  John Oakhurst had wanted to push on through the day and make the next town, but the group forced him to rest with them.  That was a mistake, because a storm came up and snowed them all in . . . except Uncle Billy.  During the night, he stole the group's horses and supplies.  After 10 days of being snowed in and starving, John Oakhurst told Tom Simson to take the rest of the supplies and go back to Poker Flat and bring help.  By the time help arrived, Mother Shipton, Duchess, and Piney had either frozen or starved to death.  John Oakhurst shot himself. 

Who were the greenies and what were they like?

The Greenies are an elite force of Army soldiers known as the Green Berets.  They are a special forces group of men known for their abilities to engage the enemy in guerrilla warfare and to search out and destroy the enemy in ambushes.  In The Things They Carried, we see a group of Green Berets in the story, “The Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong.”  Their “hootch” or hut is separate from the other soldiers in this story, and they are known for going out alone on patrols.  Tim O’Brien also mentions that they are someone you don’t want to mess with. 

In the story, a medic by the name of Mark Fossie is able to fly his girlfriend, Mary Ann, to Vietnam for a visit.  She is immediately enthralled with the war and countryside of Vietnam.  Mary Ann eventually goes on a patrol with the Greenies that changes her life forever.  In the story, the Greenies collect body parts of their kills.  Their hootch is full of animal parts, skulls, and human bones.  Their hootch reeks like an animal’s den, and they play strange music that sounds like animals screaming and howling.  These men have gone insane fighting in this war. 

When Fossie confronts Mary Ann about her behavior, he finds her in the Greenie’s hootch wearing a necklace of human tongues made up from her kills.  During the telling of this story, Rat Kiley says, “She wanted more, she wanted to penetrate deeper into the mystery of herself, and after a time, the wanting became needing, which turned to craving.”

This is a very interesting chapter because of the animalistic characteristics O’Brien uses to describe the men and their hootch.  He symbolic suggests that the actions of Mary Ann and the men are cannibalistic to show just how deeply anyone can be driven insane by war.  Mary Ann falls in love with the war and the thrill of the ambush, and at the end of the story, she disappears into the jungles never to be seen again.  Mary Ann loses her innocence in Vietnam and is symbolic of how all people will be changed by war. 

Who are the Three Daughters of China? Jung Chang, Er-Hong, and who?

Jung Chang's grandmother, Yu-fang, was the first in the generation of three daughters.  This woman experienced severe hardship and turmoil at an early age.  When she was two, her feet were bound to keep them small in size.  Then as a young woman, Yu-fang was sold to the police chief of the large Chinese city of Beijing to be his concubine.  She became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter, Bao Qin.  Bao Qin was the second generation of the women in this story.  Her name was chosen by her biological father, though she was later called De-Hong.  Yu-fang fled with her baby daughter to escape from the man she served as a concubine to.  She later married a doctor, and she became his dearly loved wife.

De-hong/Bao Qin was the second of the three daughters.  She became involved with the Communist Party.  She met an official in the party and they married.  Then she gave birth to her oldest daughter, Jung Chang.  

Jung Chang was the third in the generation of daughters.  She saw a darker side of Communism and eventually left to live in England.  She was also called Er-Hong.

In conclusion, the daughters were Yu-fang, Bao Qin/De-Hong, and Jung Chang/Er-Hong.

"Everything has to evolve or else it perishes." How does this apply to Finny from A Separate Peace by John Knowles?

This quote "Everything has to evolve or it perishes" fits Phineas from A Separate Peace perfectly. Phineas is young, athletic, strong, and has a highly energetic personality. He looks forward to serving in the war effort because of these fabulous qualities. He has so much energy for life in him that he could accomplish anything he sets his mind to. All he has to do is pass high school and start his life's journey and he will soar like an eagle. Ironically, though, Phineas breaks his leg and is confined to a wheelchair for a few months at the beginning of his senior year. He eventually evolves to using a cane, which shows his progress in healing; but then he never gets a chance to progress past using it because he breaks his leg again!

Not only does Phineas decline physically, he also declines psychologically. After the first broken leg, Phineas realizes that he won't be able to go to the war and he becomes depressed. He doesn't admit this depression to anyone, of course, but it slowly leads him into denial about the war. Before he broke his leg for the first time, Phineas would talk about the news from the war; but after the broken leg, he outwardly declares that there is no World War II. His best friend Gene becomes very concerned about him at that point.

Referring to the Roaring Twenties, Phineas concocts a theory about the war being a lie and shares this with Gene as follows:

"Well what happened was that they didn't like that, the preachers and the old ladies and all the stuffed shirts. So then they tried Prohibition and everybody just got drunker, so then they really got desperate and arranged the Depression. That kept the people who were young in the thirties in their places. But they couldn't use that trick forever, so for us in the forties they've cooked up this war fake" (115).

Clearly, Phineas is on the decline here. He can't evolve like others in his class because he can't compete like he normally had. So he creates in his mind a world in which he doesn't feel as left out. It's as if he is using his own insecurities to create a reality in which he feels competent. The reality is, however, he is perishing, not evolving. Sadly, it all ends horribly when he breaks his leg for the second time and he physically perishes due to surgical complications. 

Why does the narrator of "The Tell-Tale Heart" believe he will not get caught for killing the old man?

The narrator believes he will not get caught because he thinks that he's pulled off the perfect crime and that his capacity for dissimulation is greater than everyone else's.

After he has killed the old man, he says, "If still you think me mad, you will no longer when I describe the wise precautions I took for the concealment of the body."  The first thing he does is to dismember the corpse so that it is easier to hide. He seems especially proud of the fact that he thought to do this dismembering in a "tub [that] had caught all" so "There was nothing to wash out, no stain of any kind."  He pulls up three floor boards and buries all the old man's body parts underneath them.  The narrator believes that he did such an exact and careful job of replacing the boards that "no human eye [...] could have detected anything wrong."  His arrogance is extreme; we can see that he certainly believes himself to be more intelligent and deceptive than any other person has the capacity to be. 

Even when he hears a knocking at the door, he "went down to open it with a light heart -- for," as he says, "what had I now to fear?"  Now that he's ridden himself of the old man's vulture eye, he believes he has nothing left to concern him.  He lets in the police officers who have come to investigate the cry his neighbors heard when he killed the old man, repeating the line, "for what had I to fear?"  He is convinced that "The officers were satisfied.  [His] manner had convinced them."  The narrator's immense pride in his ability to behave calmly and to think intelligently, makes him believe that there is no possible reason he cannot get away with this crime.

Why would the Victorians have found "The Tell-Tale Heart" particularly disturbing?

The Victorians were particularly concerned with duplicity and deception and a person's ability to be secretly sinful or suffering from "madness" while tricking the world into believing that they were morally upright and/or mentally sane.  The thought that one could be fooled by such a person and exploited, injured, or otherwise harmed, was both a frightening and titillating prospect.  Therefore, they enjoyed fiction that focused on characters who enacted this kind of fraudulent behavior because they found such persons so disturbing.

The narrator of "The Tell-Tale Heart" most definitely qualifies as duplicitous.  He says that he "was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before [he] killed him."  By day, the narrator appears to be friendly and loving to the old man (though his relationship to the old man is never clarified: the old man could be his father, a roommate, etc.), but, each night, he spends spends hours practicing the movements he will use to kill the old man when the conditions are just right.

Further, after he's committed the murder, he is such a powerful dissembler that he manages to fool the police officers who came to investigate the scream his neighbors reported hearing.  The narrator says, "The officers were satisfied.  My manner had convinced them."  It isn't until his own paranoia and delusion drive him to confess that they have any sense that he is guilty.

Such a powerful deceiver, one capable of inflicting such damage without scruple, one who actually believes that his actions are justified, would have been both particularly interesting and particularly frightening to Victorian readers.

What part of an animal cell breaks down sugar to release energy?

Organic molecules like glucose provide the chemical energy or fuel that animals and other eukaryotic organisms use for the process of aerobic cellular respiration. The organelle where this process occurs is the mitochondria where ATP is produced as a result of respiration. ATP is a high energy compound that helps a cell to perform work including cell division, synthesis of organelles and growth.

During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are combined chemically and in this reaction, glucose is oxidized while oxygen is reduced. When glucose is oxidized, electrons are transferred to a lower energy state. Some of this energy is available for the production of ATP.

Glycolysis is the first step where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Next, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion and the citric acid cycle occurs which is followed by the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. As glucose is slowly broken down in a series of steps, eventually, electrons are accepted into the electron transport chain until they combine with oxygen and hydrogen ions to form water. The energy released at each step is used to make ATP. Specifically, ATP is created by the pumping of protons back into the inner mitochondrial membrane.

By the end of the process, a molecule of glucose is broken down to carbon dioxide, water and up to around 32 molecules of ATP. 

What are the locations in Romeo and Juliet? How are they described?

The setting of Romeo and Juliet is representative, meaning that the stage is representative of an actual place that the audience can visit. Consequently, it is important to understand these places.

Overall, the play takes place in the cities of Verona and Mantua. Both of these cities are in Italy. Most of the scenes take place in Verona, with the exception of the first scene of Act V, which is in Mantua since Romeo has been banished. 

Erin E. Murphy wrote a good description of these places for Towson University:

The vision of the world that is suggested by the setting is social, in spite of the political connotations that arise when the lovers are told that they are to hate each other because of their names. The action neither befell a war between states, nor is it an abstraction. Much of the action of the play is centered on the civil disorder that occurs between the Capulet and Montague families.

In some of Shakespeare's plays, the setting is crucial. The setting is less important in Romeo and Juliet, although it is helpful as a framing device of the plot. One could suggest that Shakespeare set it in Italy to avoid creating specific suggestions of feuds in England. Great Britain has often been torn apart by feuds between areas. Were the play to be set in England, there could have been inferences that Shakespeare was creating a play about real families or countries that would have been known by the play's audiences. By setting it in Italy, Shakespeare allows the story to be focused on Romeo and Juliet. 

Use matricies to solve the system of...

The above system of equations can be represented by the coefficient matrix A and right hand side matrix b as follows:

A=

b=

The augmented matrix can be written as,

Now lets, perform the various row operations to bring the above matrix in the row-echelon form,

Rewrite the 2nd Row  as 

Rewrite the 3rd Row as 

Rewrite the 4th Row as  

Rewrite the 2nd Row as

Rewrite the 3rd Row as

Rewrite the 4th Row as  

Rewrite the 3rd Row as 

Rewrite the 3rd Row by dividing it with 20,

Rewrite the 4th Row by dividing it with 16,

Rewrite the 4th Row as 

Now the matrix is in row-echelon form, and we can perform the back substitution on the corresponding system,

     -----  Eq:1

        -----  Eq:2

                 -----  Eq:3

 

Substitute back the value of w in Eq:3,

 

Substitute back the value of w and z in Eq:2,

Substitute back the value of w,z and y in Eq:1,

So the solutions are x=-1,y=0,z=6 and w=4

Characterize the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Whose ambition is the driving force of the play—Macbeth's or Lady Macbeth's or both?

Both of their ambitions are driving the play forward for sure.  Macbeth begins considering the throne moments after he hears the witches' prediction.  If Macbeth wasn't ambitious for more power and prestige, he would have disregarded the witches as raving lunatics.  

However, Macbeth's desire for the throne isn't actually enough to convince him to take any kind of action toward it.  For that, he needs Lady Macbeth's driving ambition.  Lady Macbeth recognizes that her husband is ambitious, and she knows that he won't do anything foul to achieve greatness.  She speaks exactly those thoughts in Act 1, Scene 5.

Yet do I fear thy nature;
It is too full o' the milk of human kindness
To catch the nearest way: thou wouldst be great;
Art not without ambition, but without
The illness should attend it: what thou wouldst highly,
That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false,
And yet wouldst wrongly win: thou'ldst have, great Glamis,
That which cries 'Thus thou must do, if thou have it;
And that which rather thou dost fear to do
Than wishest should be undone.'

Lady Macbeth correctly identifies that her husband wants greatness and power, but doesn't have the devious spirit to win at all costs.  That's why she wants Macbeth to hurry home.  She wants to begin convincing Macbeth that he must kill Duncan.  

Hie thee hither,
That I may pour my spirits in thine ear;
And chastise with the valour of my tongue
All that impedes thee from the golden round,

I do put a lot of the blame on Macbeth for killing Duncan.  After all, he is the person that actually did the murder.  But, without Lady Macbeth pushing him, I don't think that Macbeth ever would have gone through with it.  She most definitely wears the pants in that relationship. 

How does Pip's first-person narration affect the story in Great Expectations?

As in all stories told from the first-person point of view, the reader is limited by what the narrator sees and hears. In Pip, we see the events of his life unfold before him, as well as hearing his interpretation of them. We feel his fears and uncertainties without knowing if they are justified or not. We do not know what Magwitch means when he says he will remember the boy who was present at his arrest. It is not until Pip himself knows that Magwitch intends to be his benefactor if he ever gets the chance. The unfolding of the stories through the closing chapters reveals the back stories of the other characters, specifically Magwitch and Miss Havisham. He learns of the relationship between Magwitch and Estella only when he is told.

This method of story-telling lends an air of mystery, to be resolved only at the end. We can know how Pip as an adult thinks upon the events in his past as he reflects on them as an adult, but we cannot tell his future, especially in his future with Estella. Though limiting, the first-person point of view helps the reader to have a more personal experience in reading.

What is the pharmaceutical application of alkenes?

Alkenes are organic compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms with one or more carbon- carbon double bonds. Their names end with ‘-ene’ and their physical state depends on their number of carbon atoms. Alkenes containing two to four carbon atoms usually exist as gases. Examples include ethane and propene.

Those with carbon atoms between five and sixteen generally exist as liquids and those with carbon atoms in excess of seventeen tend to exist as waxy solids. Examples can be found in paraffin wax which is a material for making candles. They are generally soluble in organic solvents such as acetone or benzene.

Alkenes are used for a wide variety of purposes, the most notable being their role in the manufacture of plastics and rubber. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons, they are insoluble in water and their use in pharmaceutical preparations is very restricted as a result of their toxicity to the body. They are more commonly used in industry as raw materials for the manufacturing of alcohols and aldehydes.

Some people claim that Frost wrote the poem "The Road Not Taken" to make fun of his friend Edward Thomas, who had trouble deciding where to go when...

I'm not going to lie, I think you have a tough job ahead of you.  Criticizing Frost's poem in regard to form and structure is going to be tough.  Stylistically, it fits with his other stuff.  It's short, accessible, to the point, and speaks about universal truths.  Also, the rhythm, meter, and rhyme are solid.  

Expressing anger about the poem itself is possible, but not readily apparent.  If Thomas did indeed take a long time to decide which way to go, then the poem supports his attitude.  If a single choice can make all of the difference, it makes sense that Thomas would be diligent about weighing his options.

Perhaps you could have Thomas read the poem and interpret it differently.  He could interpret that making a choice doesn't really matter, because whatever the choice is will still make all of the difference.  He could be angry with Frost for making the decision making process appear to be so flippant and unimportant.  Thomas could also be angry that Frost would be so bold as to equate life changing decisions to picking between two walking trails.  Lastly, Thomas could be angry with Frost for suggesting that once a decision is made it can't be undone.  

What is a narrative poem?

"Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening" by Robert Frost is one example of a narrative poem. As you might expect by the term narrative, a narrative poem is one that tells a story. The poems are written in simple verses that may or may not rhyme. As a type of poetry, they are of course filled with figurative language.

Though the narrative poem does not have to be told from the voice of a narrator, it often is but can easily be written in the voice of any of the narrative's characters. The narrative poem does not always tell an entire lengthy story but rather describes a scene from a larger story. Similar to stories of all types, narratives have identifiable characters, settings and plots. Types of narrative poems include ballads and epics.

"Annabel Lee" by Poe and "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Coleridge are also examples of narratives.

What is the momentum of a system of two particles with these respective masses and velocities: 3.76 kg moving north at 5.6 m/s and 4.2 kg moving...

The momentum of this system will be the vector sum of the momenta of the two particles:

To find a vector, we need to find its magnitude and direction, or its components along the coordinate axis. We can choose the coordinate system such that the vertical (y) axis is pointing North and the horizontal (x) axis pointing East.

Since the first particle is moving North, its momentum has no horizontal component. The second particle is moving Northwest, which means its momentum makes an equal angle (45 degrees) with the positive y-axis and negative x-axis. So, its x-component is

Then the x-component of total momentum is

The y-component of the momentum of the first particle equals its magnitude:

  and the y-component of the momentum of the second particle is

Then the y-component of the total momentum is

The momentum of the given system, in component form, is

(-6.83 kg*m/s, 27.9 kg*m/s)

The x-component is negative and y-component is positive, so the momentum is pointing at some angle North of West.

To find its magnitude, we can use Pythagorean theorem:

The angle between the momentum and negative direction of x-axis is given by

 degrees.

The momentum of the given system has the magnitude of 28.7 kg*m/s and is directed 76.2 degrees North of West.

What are some of the key obstacles we confront today with regard to providing affordable housing?

According to James Frank of the National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA), two key obstacles to providing affordable housing are inclusionary zoning laws and impact fees (National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA), "Barriers to Affordable Housing").

Inclusionary zoning laws were developed in many areas to try and increase the availability of affordable housing to low- and middle-income residents. Ironically, in reality, they only serve to raise housing prices, making affordable housing even less available. Inclusionary zoning laws mandate housing developers to either build a portion of units for low- to middle-income residents, sell a portion of units well below the market value, or pay a six figure fine. However, the result of the mandate is that developers can afford to build far fewer homes, and since supply diminishes, prices rise. As reported by op-ed writer Gary M. Galles of the Los Angeles Times, economists Benjamin Powell and Edward Stringham conducted a Reason Public Policy Institute study on the consequences of inclusionary zoning laws in the San Francisco Bay Area ("How Affordable Housing Mandates Make Housing More Expensive"). Their study found that, from 2003 to 2007, housing construction decreased by 30% and housing prices rose by 8% after the enactment of San Francisco's inclusionary zoning laws (Galles). Stringham and Powell conducted a second study on the effects of inclusionary zoning laws in Southern California and found that, whereas over 28,000 new homes were typically built over a seven-year period, seven years after the enactment of the inclusionary zoning laws, only 11,000 new homes had been built, and, while 770 of those homes were affordable to low- and middle-income residents, the absence of the 17,000 other homes that would have normally been built led to housing shortage and increased prices (Galles). One solution would be freeing the housing market by eliminating inclusionary zoning laws and making affordable housing more available through alternate means. Alternate means of affordable housing development include increasing the numbers of manufactured housing units; constructing homes out of alternate means, such as using 48-foot cargo containers; and making legal once again single resident occupancy dwellings (NCPA).

The second obstacle to more affordable housing is impact fees. Local governments levy impact fees to pay for the infrastructure costs needed for new housing developments, such as new connecting roads and new sewer lines. Ideally, impact fees are levied on housing developers; however, in reality, developers easily shift the burden of payment to either the new buyers or new renters by either increasing the cost of the house or raising the rent. Impact fees pose a significant problem for low- and middle-income residents because impact fees are determined either per unit or per number of bedrooms. Actual cost of the housing unit is never a factor in determining impact fees; the result is that impact fees raise the prices of housing, reducing the availability of affordable housing to low- and middle-income residents. One solution would be reducing or completely eliminating the levy of impact fees on housing units for low- and middle-income residents (Gene Bunnell, "Pros and Cons of Paying for Growth with Impact Fees," University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Agricultural Economics).

Hence, as we can see, two of the means we have developed to try and increase availability of affordable housing--inclusionary zoning laws and impact fees--have actually created obstacles to providing affordable housing.

You throw a baseball directly upward at time t = 0 at an initial speed of 13.9 m/s. What is the maximum height the ball reaches above where it...

We can use the equation of motion to solve for this problem.

Since the ball was thrown upwards, the gravity of Earth will affect its motion. The initial velocity, u, of ball is 13.9 m/s. At the maximum height, the velocity of the ball will be 0 m/s (else it will continue moving upwards).

Using, 

where, u is initial velocity, v is final velocity, a is acceleration and s is the distance,

0^2 = 13.9^2 + 2 (-9.8)s

or, s = (13.9^2)/(2 x 9.8) = 9.86 m.

Thus, the ball will reach a maximum height of 9.86 m.

Half of this height is 4.93 m.

We can use, s = ut + 1/2 at^2

and solve for time. Here, s = 4.93 m, u = 13.9 m/s, a = -9.8 m/s^2

Solving for time, we get t = 0.42 s.

(when we solve the quadratic equation, we will get two values of time, one for upward motion and other for downward motion of ball).

Hope this helps.

"I've got oil wells", "I've got gold mines", "I've got diamonds". What is the effect of repetition here and the particular images used?

The use of repetition as a literary device at the beginning of a sentence is called anaphora, and it is usually used to stress a point or to give emphasis to an idea or thought.  In this case, Maya Angelou uses repetition to emphasize metaphors.  The comparison of herself to oil wells, gold, and diamonds shows her value as a person.  Throughout her poem, Angelou is writing about her worth, and her ability to survive despite being “trod” upon because she is a black female.  She has gained knowledge and understanding through her black ancestor’s history and experiences the ability to rise up from the oppression and racism that has forced so many others down.  She is self-actualized as a person—she has “sassiness”, “hopes that (are) springing high”, and “haughtiness”.  She cannot be kept down by her history or the “hatefulness” of others.  She says in the poem, that she has risen “out of the huts of history’s shame” and “up from the past that’s rooted in pain.”  She has psychologically risen above the stereotypes, the discrimination, and the racism she has experienced as a black woman. 

Because she compares herself to the riches of an oil field, gold, and diamonds, she is acknowledging how valuable she is as a person and how she has learned to value herself as well.

What is significant about how the animals arrange themselves as they gather to hear Major? What might this arrangement say about future meetings or...

In the opening chapter of Animal Farm, the animals gather in the barn to hear a speech by Old Major. While the arrangement of the animals in the barn may seem random, it does, in fact, reveal much about the nature of equality between the animals, in a number of ways.

First of all, we are introduced to Major. He is seated on a "raised platform," which is symbolic of his superiority on the farm. He is well-respected by the others, hence his prominent seating position. 

Next, after Major, come the dogs and the pigs. These animals are considered to be the most intelligent animals on the farm and this foreshadows their superior position on the farm after Major dies and Mr Jones is overthrown. It also foreshadows an important event which happens in Chapter Nine when the rations of all the animals except the dogs and the pigs are reduced. Squealer justifies this by saying that too much equality in rations goes against the principles of Animalism. Of course, Animalism states that all animals are equal, but Squealer does not want to admit this because, if he does, he accepts the inequality inherent in this action.

Finally, the other animals enter the barn. These horses, hens, pigeons, ducks and cows represent the workers of Animal Farm. Their only consideration in their seating is for the care of others: "Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly...with great care, lest there should be some small animal concealed in the straw." This represents the friendship and loyalty of the working classes and, later, foreshadows their role on the farm. Together, they will perform the work that keeps the farm running and the animals fed, while the pigs and dogs rule from above.

What is the importance of non-renewable energy sources?

Non-renewable sources of energy are those sources that take millions of years to form and thus are limited in quantity and cannot be regenerated in the near future. Examples of such sources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. In comparison, renewable energy sources (such as wind energy, solar power, etc.) are renewed very quickly and hence are practically infinite in quantity. 

In spite of the environmental and economic issues of non-renewable energy sources and the recent surge of interest in renewable sources, non-renewable sources are still very relevant. Most of our energy requirements, whether for electricity, heat or transportation are still fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources. Most of our grid and infrastructure is built for non-renewable energy sources and modification of this infrastructure is resource and time intensive. Non-renewable energy sources are still more efficient than renewable energy sources and are more reliable, too (for example, we cannot harvest solar energy during night or dark weather, etc.). Non-renewable energy is also spread throughout the world in one form or another, and is not as location dependent as renewable energy sources. For example, we can transport natural gas to areas where it is not found, however, we cannot easily do the same with solar energy or wind power, etc. 

Hence, non-renewable sources of energy are still very important.

Hope this helps. 

In Great Expectations, what is Pip's education like under Mr. Pocket?

At the beginning of Chapter XXIV, Pip explains what little he knows about what is expected of both him and his tutor Mr. Pocket.

After two or three days, when I had established myself in my room and had gone backwards and forwards to London several times, and had ordered all I wanted of my tradesmen, Mr. Pocket and I had a long talk together. He knew more of my intended career than I knew myself, for he referred to his having been told by Mr. Jaggers that I was not designed for any profession, and that I should be well enough educated for my destiny if I could "hold my own" with the average of young men in prosperous circumstances. I acquiesced, of course, knowing nothing to the contrary.

Matthew Pocket is invented as a character in order to explain how Pip becomes a real gentleman by the time his secret benefactor Magwitch makes his appearance in Chapter XXXIX. Mr. Pocket acts only as a tutor and advisor to Pip, whose education consists largely of reading in the company of Bartley Drummle and Startop as well as reading at home. The fact that Matthew Pocket is related to Miss Havisham increases Pip's belief that Miss Havisham must be his secret benefactor. Mr. Pocket also encourages Pip to go to places that are frequented by young gentlemen so that he can pick up their manners and attitudes. Pip develops bad habits. He learns how to waste time and money, and this is part of his education as a gentleman because he is becoming like all the other young gentlemen of London. Dicken's illustrates Pip's transformation into a gentleman in Chapter XXXIV with a description of the Finches of the Grove.

At Startop's suggestion, we put ourselves down for election into a club called the Finches of the Grove: the object of which institution I have never divined, if it were not that the members should dine expensively once a fortnight, to quarrel among themselves as much as possible after dinner, and to cause six waiters to get drunk on the stairs.

Magwitch is delighted with Pip when he meets him after so many years in Chapter XXXIX. Pip is exactly Magwitch's idea of a London gentleman. He has acquired a lot of book knowledge through desultory reading which has not prepared him for any profession. He had acquired good manners but is completely selfish, wasteful and lazy--just as a gentleman should be in Magwitch's opinion. He is entirely dependent on the money he receives from his unknown benefactor, who, to his utter horror, turns out to the the ignorant and vulgar Abel Magwitch. Mr. Pocket has been the ideal tutor for Pip because Pocket is a gentleman who never acquired any discipline and has ended up earning a living by teaching other men to be like himself. Pocket also earns money to support his large, chaotic family by lecturing on domestic economy. In Chapter XXXIII, Pip writes:

Mr. Pocket was out lecturing; for he was a most delightful lecturer on domestic economy, and his treatises on the management of children and servants were considered the very best text-books on those themes.

Describe the sequence of the changes the house undergoes during the story "There Will Come Soft Rains."

In Ray Bradbury's "There Will Come Soft Rains," the one house remaining in Allendale, Calif. after a nuclear blast goes from something that served a family to something that serves no purpose and is reclaimed by nature.

The story begins with the house serving breakfast, ensuring the occupants had rain gear for the weather and sending the people on their way to work and to school. However, there was no one to serve. The narrator says that the house, which he compares to an "altar with ten thousand attendants," performs each of these tasks needlessly. He adds that the "gods had gone away, and the ritual of the religion had continued senselessly."

As the story continues, the realization that the house without people is worthless like a church without gods plays out. At one point, the family dog makes it back home and is let in the house, but it is thin and covered in sores. When it dies, the mechanical mice clean it up removing the last member of the family.

When it's nighttime, and after the house continues to serve the dead family, the house could not save itself—especially without humans—from nature and "began to die." When a tree crashed through the kitchen window spreading cleaning solvent on the stove, the room was "ablaze in an instant!" The house, especially without the assistance of people, is unable to save itself. Unfortunately for the cold, automated house, it cannot outsmart the "clever" fire, which avoids the chemical sprays and climbs up to the attic destroying the house's "brain." 

At story's end, the house is a head of "rubble and steam."

If Trump were to be president, what would happen to the world?

It is very hard to predict what would if any candidate became President. I assume you are asking because of some of the statements Mr. Trump has made about immigration from Mexico, allowing Muslims into the United States, and taking in some of the refugees from Syria.

It is important to remember that our government is based on a system where the powers of the three branches are very distinct. There are certain jobs that only a specific branch can do. Additionally, we have a system of checks and balances where each branch is able to control the other branches to some degree. Thus, just because a candidate says he will do certain things doesn’t mean those things will actually occur since the other branches must be involved in making the actions happen and determining if those actions are constitutional.

In many presidential campaigns, the winning candidate has pledged to do certain things if he got elected. However, those things didn’t occur because the other branches wouldn’t support those actions. It is possible the same thing could happen if Mr. Trump became President.

Finally, until a person assumes an elected office, it may seem to be very easy to say certain things will occur. However, once in office, other factors that weren’t previously considered or known may alter the person’s thinking and actions. Thus, it is very difficult to say what would happen to our country if Mr. Trump became President.

Why do worms come out of the ground when it rains?

Many reasons have been hypothesized as to why worms leave the ground when it rains. The first hypothesis was that worms would leave their borrows in the ground during rain storms to avoid drowning. This hypothesis, however, was shown to be false, as worms require moisture to breath oxygen, and can live completely submerged in water for a period of days and survive.

A second hypothesis was that worms surfaced due to the vibrations of rain being similar to that of one of its main predators, the mole. Research, however, has shown that while humans and other aboveground predators are able to mimic these vibrations and bring worms to the surface, rain seems to not act in this way.

Two further hypotheses also exist and have yet to be rejected. One hypothesis suggests that the moist surface above ground, during and following a rain storm, allows the worms to migrate more easily and cover a greater distance, while also potentially increasing the worms ability to find other worms and mate. Another hypothesis, which has some evidence supporting it, suggests that a the amount of oxygen consumption by particular species of worms, or in worms whose oxygen consumption varies over the day, peaks when a rain storm is occurring, possibly leading the worm to the surface. Hope this helps!

What were the short term and long term negative effects of World War II in the Soviet Union?

World War 2 had a negative impact on many of the European countries. The Soviet Union (SU) however, suffered in the short and long term. Three and a half years of the war were fought in the SU. In order to make things more difficult for the enemies, the SU soldiers used scorched earth tactics. This meant soldiers would burn entire villages, fields, and buildings in order to take away resources for the attacking Germans. By the end of the war, 1700 towns and 70000 villages were totally destroyed. This led to negative impacts for the future as it would take many years to rebuild these areas. The SU population suffered great losses as well during the war. Not only did soldiers die during combat, but many citizens died from lack of food and good living environments. Twenty one million people died during the war, leaving the population severely depleted. Fifteen years after the war, the population was still only at 90% of its prewar population.

Although the country was affected in the long term by its need to rebuild and repopulate, there were other issues that caused problems within the SU. As so many young men died during the war, women were responsible for supporting the work force. However, the patriarchal structure of the family did not change, and women were expected to cook, clean, and take care of children, all while trying to work and support the family financially. The war only solidified the militaristic tendencies of Stalin and the government. Stalin became paranoid about another war happening, this time using nuclear warfare. He continued to build up industry in order to build new war machines, but did not concentrate on other economic areas such as farming. Many citizens felt they had to fix their own problems caused by the war as they would not receive government support. Stalin’s ideas for reform became more and more unrealistic. Various people in the government were too afraid to tell Stalin that his ideas were not working well for the country, so instead they lied about the success.

All of these factors caused by the war negatively affected the Soviet Union. It would take years of work and a change in government to really impact the state of the country. 

How does Dill mature in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Charles Harris Baker, known as Dill, matures after two incidents: (1) The cross-examination of Tom Robinson by Mr. Gilmer, and (2) his running away from home.

(1) After the heartless drilling of Tom by Mr. Gilmer and his exploitation of Tom's having said that he felt sorry for Mayella and accusing him of being impudent, Dill cries in reaction to what he perceives as Mr. Gilmer's talking to Tom in such a "hateful" way. "It just makes me sick," Dill says.
Mr. Dolphus Raymond consoles Dill to some extent, telling him that time will make him less "thin-hide[d]."
Later, Dill says cynically that he will become a clown:

"There ain't one thing in this world I can do about folks except laugh, so I'm gonna join the circus and laugh at them" (Ch.22)

His attitude is now more hardened as Mr. Raymond has said it would become. While this reaction does not demonstrate the best reaction, it, nevertheless, demonstrates a maturation in the sense that it shows Dill's efforts to reconcile things for himself.

(2) When Dill runs away from home, his action indicates a childish, emotional response to the hurt that he has felt in being alienated from his parents by being told to go and play with his things, or go outside.
After Jem informs Atticus that Dill is in the house, Atticus tells Dill the boy that he must let his parents know where he is. Also, Atticus notifies Aunt Rachel, who flies into her "Do-oo Je-sus" exclamation.
With maturity, however, Dill "bore with fortitude" her "Wait Till I Get You Home Your Folks Are Out of Their Minds Worryin'" and when she is finished scolding Dill, Dill smiles when she tells him he can stay overnight with Jem and Scout and he "returned the hug at long last bestowed upon him," demonstrating his maturity in not holding a grudge against his aunt for all the scolding he has received.

What is intuition according to Emerson in Self-Reliance?

Intuition, one of the traits highly valued by transcendentalists like Emerson, is the idea that a person should “go with his gut,” so to speak. Emerson believed in the importance of trusting oneself above all. A man should trust in himself because

none but he knows what that is which he can do, nor does he know until he has tried.

Instead of worrying about what others are doing or thinking and second-guessing our every move, Emerson believes that we should trust in our own ability to make decisions and follow our hearts. This idea is underscored when he says, “trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string.” If we can trust our own intuition, we can make the best decisions for ourselves without the influence of society, which might not always act in our best interest.

In fact, he says

society everywhere is in conspiracy against the manhood of every one of its members.

Therefore, are own intuition, or the contents of our heart, is the only thing we can truly trust.