In Hoot, how many places has Roy moved to? What are those places?

Roy's family moves around a lot. Roy's father works for the Department of Justice and is very good at his job. Every time he gets a promotion, that requires the family to relocate to another city. Roy was born in Detroit, but the family moved away from there when he was still a baby. Since he can't really remember living there, he doesn't like to call it his hometown. Coconut Cove, Florida is the tenth city Roy's family has lived in that he can remember. He has attended six different schools, implying that from the time Roy was five or six until the time he moves to Florida, he has lived in six different cities. The place where the family seems to have lived for the longest time is Bozeman, Montana, and that is the place Roy thinks of as home. Roy didn't want to move to Coconut Cove, Florida, but by the end of the novel, he is beginning to feel and act like a "real Florida boy."

How did the arrival of Europeans affect the diseases among the First Nations of Canada?

Prior to European settlement, the First Nations of Canada enjoyed a prosperous lifestyle that consisted of healthy eating, physical activity, and holistic healing. When the Europeans arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries, this changed. The Europeans brought a number of diseases such as smallpox, measles, whooping cough, and influenza that the First Peoples were unequipped to deal with. First Peoples had no systemic immunity to these foreign diseases; therefore, the population diminished in vast quantities with estimates ranging from fifty to eighty percent. The elders and children were the first to suffer and die from the diseases thus removing the legacy and the future of the People. Culture and tradition were lost due to the death of the elders while the hopes of carrying on the traditions were lost with the children. The diseases upset the natural working order in the First People’s communities that depended on everyone to complete their designed tasks for the good of the society. While the sicknesses overwhelmed the people, they were unable to attend to their hunting, gathering, and agricultural pursuits, which left them nutritionally vulnerable and unable to fight the diseases.

As the European population grew, prospered, and learned to live in the environment, their need for the First Peoples diminished. The Europeans traded blankets and other items that were disease ridden in order to further reduce and weaken the native populations. In addition, they did not offer the smallpox vaccine to the First Peoples even though it was already being used in Europe.

Who are the main characters in the story "The Canterville Ghost"?

The main characters in "The Canterville" ghost come down to two groups.  One group is the Otis family.  The other group is Sir Simon, the Canterville Ghost.  

Sir Simon has been haunting the house for a long time.  He murdered his wife, and then his brothers-in-law killed him for revenge.  He has been haunting the house ever since.  

The Otis family is made up of Mr. Otis, Mrs. Otis, Virginia Otis (the daughter), and the Otis Twins.  Virginia Otis is the only member of the Otis family that has any kind of sympathy toward Sir Simon.  In fact, she helps Sir Simon make peace with his past and move on to the after life.  The rest of the Otis family, especially the twins, enjoy pestering the Sir Simon and making his ghostly existence miserable.  

The last main character is the Duke of Cheshire.  He's in love with Virginia and they eventually end up getting married.  

Describe Emily's father, Edward Dickinson.

Emily's father Edward was a strict, rigid and ethical New England lawyer. He took fatherhood seriously and demanded obedience from his children. Growing up, Emily was a little afraid of him. For example, she feared to tell him she didn't know how to tell time on a clock. Later, she found small ways to rebel against him and was sometimes frustrated by his demands. She called him "the straightest engine" that "never played." 

Edward Dickinson took seriously his responsibilities as an important citizen in the town of Amherst. He was treasurer of Amherst College for 27 years, served in the state legislature and even served a term in the US Congress. 

Emily never married and as time passed she and her father grew to respect each other. She was upset when he died, and wrote of him that he was "the oldest and oddest sort of foreigner." By that she did not literally mean he was foreign, but that he differed from the average New Englander. 

Who is Harrison Bergeron in conflict with?

Harrison, the young protagonist in the short story, “Harrison Bergeron” is in conflict with the government in the dystopian society in which he lives.  The government and the Handicapper General, Diana Moon Glampers, have oppressed the individual rights of its citizens by making everyone “equal.”  They do this by handicapping people and suppressing their talents and abilities.  In Harrison’s case, he is weighed down by pieces of scrap metal weighing over 300 pounds. In addition, he has to wear earphones that block his thinking with loud noises and glasses that don’t allow him to see clearly.  The government does this because Harrison is young, tall, and smart.  His talents show that he is better than other people, so he is given handicaps to make him equal. 

At the end of the story when Harrison strips off his handicaps and soars to the ceiling with the most beautiful ballerina, he is rebelling against the government who thinks equality means making everyone the same.  Equality means giving everyone the same rights while not suppressing one’s inner or outer strengths.

What happened to Pat Patterson when he cursed mother?

In chapter ten of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya becomes closely acquainted with her biological mother, Vivian, as well as the Baxters, her maternal grandparents and uncles.  She learns that they are powerful members of the African American section of St. Louis because of their "light skinned" appearance, wealth, and their reputation for being "mean."  

The story of Pat Patterson is one such instance of this meanness.  One night while Vivian (Bibbi) was out alone, Pat Patterson cursed her, which can be described in modern language as cursing at her, or cursing her out.  She immediately reports this offense to her brothers who dispatch their "hangers on" to find Pat Patterson, and call them with his location.

Later, upon finding Pat Patterson drinking at a small table in a saloon, Maya's uncles hold him down, and invite Vivian (Bibbi) to beat him with a police club. According to the story, Bibbi crashes the man's head in so badly that he is barely alive when she finishes.  Of course, due to the reputation of the Baxter family, there are no legal or social repercussions for Bibbi, or any of her brothers.  

How does the use of flashback in the 1992 movie Of Mice and Men compare to the book?

Flashback is a dominant feature in the movie version of Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men.

The use of flashback opens the 1992 film.  The image of the woman running in a red dress through a field, and then of the lynch mob that wants to capture George and Lennie influences the viewer.  The viewer's first exposure to both men is one of running and hiding in a ditch from a group of men pursuing them.  In this introduction through flashback, the viewer sees both men as "on the run."

This element of flight is not as forcefully communicated in the novella. When we first see George and Lennie, they are simply moving from one ranch to another.  There is a brief mention of Weed in an exchange between George and Lennie.  However, the reader is not fully made aware of what happened in Weed until Chapter 3, when Slim and George are speaking.  Even then, it is merely shown as one event, and not in the defining way that flashback is used in the film. 

This difference is significant.  The film uses the flashback to help define the life that George and Lennie lead.  They seem to be moving because of the events that put them " on the lam."  However, this is not the case in the book.  The book takes a larger view towards what happened in Weed, suggesting that it is part of the sequence in the life of a migrant worker in 1930s America.

How many oceans did the Hadean eon have?

Zero. A bit fat 0. The reason it's called the "Hadean eon" is after Hades, which is the Greek word for the underworld---it's meant to invoke fire and brimstone, because that's what the world was like.

The Hadean was the very first period of the Earth's existence, during which the Earth was still being constantly hit by asteroids and planetesimals (basically chunks of planet that haven't finished becoming planets yet). These endless collisions at incredibly high energies (we're talking billions of megatons; one of them created the Moon) heated the whole Earth to temperatures high enough to melt most metals, and thus far too hot to sustain liquid water of any kind. Comets did hit, bringing water, but that water immediately flash-boiled away.

This epoch went on for about 500 million years, until finally the Earth began to cool to a more moderate temperature that solid rocks could form on the crust. (The core remained molten, of course, and still does today.) Not long (geologically) after that, it was even cool enough that water didn't boil away, so when water continued to arrive in comets it began to form what we now know as oceans.

Solve the system by the method of substitution.

Multiply everything by 10 to get whole numbers

Solve equation [2] for the variable  x 
 

Plug this in for variable  x  in equation [1]

Solve equation [1] for the variable  y 

By now we know this much :

Use the  y  value to solve for  x 

The solution is

Why did people care so much about abstruse theological questions in the medieval period and why did it matter?

Part of what is involved in finding answers to this question is thinking through what is actually signified by the terms in the question.

The term "people" is very general. We don't actually know that every single person living in the Middle Ages was interested in abstruse theological questions. Given literacy rates of under 10 percent for males, we know very little about the thinking of most people as their thoughts have not been preserved. Since literacy was to a great degree the purview of the Church and a few aristocrats and merchants taught in church schools, and monasteries were the main archives and scriptoria involved in recopying and preserving written texts, as we study the medieval period, the works most likely to be available to us are those which have some connection with the Church rather than a representative selection of the ideas of the general populace.

Next, if you are reading thinkers like St. Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, or Albertus Magnus, they were professors of theology. Investigating abstruse theological issues was as much their job as investigating abstruse medical problems would be a doctor's job or abstruse mathematical problems a statistician's or mathematician's job. 

Additionally, there is the issue of what might be considered abstruse. All subjects are abstruse to you if you are not familiar with them. A theologian might find double-entry bookkeeping abstruse while an accountant perfectly comfortable in the world of ledgers and profits and losses might be puzzled by the significance of the filioque in the Nicene creed.

Finally, religious issues for Christians of the period were ultimately practical concerns. For people who believe literally in Christianity, the choices one makes in belief and worship, and in conforming one's life to religious principles, make the difference between eternal salvation and eternal damnation. This is something believers care about. Making bad decisions about practical matters of secular life might result in a few bad years, but for Christians making bad theological choices could result in billions of years of agony in the afterlife. These consequences made theology matter. 

How does Matt show change and growth in Gathering Blue?

Matt matures and grows more courageous over the course of Gathering Blue. In chapter 1, Matt meets Kira coming back to the village from the Field of Leaving. She hopes he will help her rebuild her cott, but he declines, saying his mother will whip him if he doesn't finish gathering firewood. However, his additional reason is that the women, led by Vandara, have claimed Kira's space. Matt warns her, but in a whisper, showing he fears not only a whipping from his mother but also repercussions from the scar-faced Vandara. 

Matt becomes more daring later in the book. He plants himself in the middle of the group of men who are preparing for the hunt, although he is too young to go. He wants to do something adventurous to prove his "manhood." He allows Thomas and Kira to dissuade him from that venture, but he later disappears. Kira and Thomas learn he received a harsh beating from his mother for stealing food for his journey, but he endured it so that he could go "yonder" to obtain the blue dye for Kira as a special "giftie." He told his mother he would never return to their home in the Fen, and he keeps that vow. He makes his way to the other village and brings Kira's father back to her, as well as the plants for making blue dye. He becomes the "tie" who will go back and forth between the two villages, allowing Kira and her father to keep in touch.

Matt changes from a wild little boy who steals and plays with other boys and his dog to a brave youngster who makes a journey that no one else in the village has attempted. He faces personal pain and danger not for his own gratification, but to help a friend. This shows how he has matured over the course of the novel. 

How do cells make organisms?

Cells are the basic units of life as we know it here on Earth.  There are organisms that are unicellular, which only have one cell in their structure, and those that are multicellular, which have more than one cell.  In multicellular organisms, cells that do a similar function will band together to make what is know as a tissue.  Likewise, similar tissues will band together to make an organ that does a specific function, such as the stomach.  Organs that perform a similar overall function band together to form an organ system, such as the digestive system.  Finally, organ systems that work together for the overall good health of an individual organism are called an organism.  This series of levels is otherwise known as the hierarchy of cellular organization.

Is table salt ionic, metalic or covalent compound?

Table salt is a common name for sodium chloride, chemically represented as NaCl. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound, in which one atom loses an electron, while the other gains it. Sodium, being a metal, readily loses an electron to from the cation, . Chlorine, on the other hand, being a non-metal, readily gains this electron to form the chloride anion, . When we dissolve table salt, sodium chloride, in water, it readily break down into the participating ions: sodium cation and chloride anion. Ionic compounds generally have higher melting and boiling points as compared to covalent compounds. These compounds are generally solid at room temperature. 

In comparison, covalent compounds are those, where the reacting species share electrons amongst themselves, instead of outright lose or gain of electron/s.

Hope this helps. 

In Of Mice and Men, how can the question Carlson asks at the very end of the story be answered?

In John Steinbeck's novella Of Mice and Men characters such as George, Slim, Crooks and Candy are portrayed as men of heightened sensibilities. They know that the world is not always a "black and white" place. They tend to understand that the world is a complicated place, often without clear moral conclusions.

At the end of the novel George is virtually forced into the mercy killing of his best friend Lennie, after the mentally challenged man inadvertently kills Curley's wife. After performing the heartbreaking deed George is consoled by Slim, the leader of the working men on the ranch which is the setting of the book. Slim says, “You hadda, George. I swear you hadda. Come on with me.”

Slim's words are small consolation, but for George they let him know that at least one person realizes his love for Lennie and how he protected him and kept him free from abuse. If George had not killed Lennie the big man may have fallen prey to the brutality of Curley or the anonymous apathy of the legal system. At any rate, Lennie would not have understood what was happening to him if he had been captured. He only understood that he had done "another bad thing" and that George was going to "give him hell."

Unlike Slim, Carlson does not understand George's actions and in the very last lines of the novel he says, “Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin’ them two guys?” Earlier in the book Carlson shoots Candy's dog in what he calls an act of mercy, but in reality Carlson kills the dog because the dog is an irritant to him. Consequently, he does not understand that George has killed his friend for the very same reason that the old dog needed to be put down. 

Earlier in the book Candy confesses to George:

“I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog.”

George obviously took those words to heart and he denies Curley or Carlson the chance to kill Lennie. Both Curley and Carlson are static characters who cannot fathom the depth of affection which both George and Candy felt for their friends.

What are Macbeth's strengths and weaknesses as revealed in Act 1?

The first thing we learn about Macbeth is how "brave" he is (1.2.18).  His actions are described by the Captain, who calls him "Valor's minion" due to his courage in battle (1.2.21).  This, surely, is a strength no matter how we look at it.

After he hears the Weird Sisters' predictions that he will become Thane of Cawdor and then king, and the first part of the prediction comes true, we see that Macbeth is ambitious because he would be happy to possess the crown.  He says to himself, "Glamis and Thane of Cawdor! / The greatest is behind" (1.3.125-126).  In other words, the best part of the prophecy is yet to come.  Many would consider ambition to be a strength, but because it leads him to behave in unscrupulous ways, we might think of it as a weakness.  He will become more and more ruthless in his quest to gain this title as the act progresses.

At first, Macbeth does not incline toward violence in order to satisfy his ambition.  He says, 

If chance will have me king, why, chance may
     crown me
Without my stir.  (1.3.157-159)

He hopes that since the title of Cawdor fell into his lap that the title of king will too.  However, once he learns that Duncan has named his son, Malcolm, as his heir, Macbeth realizes that if he wants to become king quickly, he will have to resort to violence.  He says,

Stars, hide your fires;
Let not light see my black and deep desires.
The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be
Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.  (1.4.57-60)

He asks the stars to put out their light so that no one can see the evil things he's wishing.  He won't let his eye look at what his hand does, and yet he's still going to do the thing that his eye would be afraid to watch.  He has resolved upon violence.  Such a speedy transition shows that Macbeth is relatively easy to corrupt.  For a moment, he hopes he will have to do nothing untoward in order to ascend to the throne, but the moment he encounters the very first obstacle, he resolves to murder.  Thus, we learn that he is disloyal as well.  We don't often think of these qualities as strengths.

In the next scene, Lady Macbeth's reaction to his letter allows us to get a clearer picture of what Macbeth was like before the play began.  She fears that his nature is "too full o' th' milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way" to the throne (1.5.17-18).  She believes that he is too good to consider violence as a means to that end.  He must have been a fairly compassionate and gentle man prior to the war and the prophecy.  She obviously considers this a weakness and would applaud, as a strength, Macbeth's growing ruthlessness and disloyalty.  For Macbeth, himself, his growing brutality leads to his undoing, so we might consider it a weakness.

We see, in Scene 7, that Macbeth does have a conscience, at least for a time.  He hallucinates as a result of his anxiety prior to committing the murder, and he does attempt to back out of the plan.  However, when Lady Macbeth insults his manhood, wounding his pride, he once again resolves on violence.  Thus, we have further proof of how easily corruptible he is as well as evidence of his excessive pride, both traits we would consider to be obvious weaknesses.  

What did Kit mean when she said "mercy was the pivot about whom the whole household moved"?

That quote is from chapter 6.  Mercy is a great character.  She is patient, kind, steadfast, loving, caring, etc.  In a lot of ways, Mercy is the exact opposite of Kit.  Kit tries hard, but she definitely is impatient, brash, and, at times, selfish.  It's a little ironic that Mercy is as sweet as she is, because of all of the characters, Mercy has the most "right" to be bitter and angry.  When she was younger, she came down with a bad fever.  The fever resulted in crippling one of her legs.  She must use crutches to go anywhere, and isn't able to go all of the places that everybody else can go. Despite that, she is a very hard worker.  Perhaps because of her own suffering, she is able to recognize it in others and offer comfort to people.  The full quote is as follows:

Mercy certainly did not consider herself afflicted. She did a full day’s work and more. Moreover, Kit had soon discovered that Mercy was the pivot about whom the whole household moved. She coaxed her father out of his bitter moods, upheld her timorous and anxious mother, gently restrained her rebellious sister and had reached to draw an uncertain alien into the circle.

A "pivot" is central to any mechanism that turns.  Without a pivot point, a turn is either not made or it isn't exactly smooth.  Describing Mercy as a pivot shows that she is central to the family.  She is an integral part to how it works, especially on an emotional level.  She guides the family with her wisdom and her caring spirit.  

How is "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" a modern poem?

T.S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is considered a modern poem for many reasons. Characteristics of modern poetry--specifically poetry from the early 20th century--include classical allusions, use of foreign language, open verse, juxtaposition, intertextuality, and often times the theme of disillusionment. This poem is open verse and contains all of these features, beginning with the opening quotation from Dante's Inferno in Italian. The poem also juxtaposes images throughout and incorporates intertextual elements like the references to Hamlet. The theme of disillusionment is evident in the narrator's frustration with his inability to make a bold move or even make a decision because he is unhappy with himself--an aging man who is balding and has skinny legs. He is so disillusioned, he cannot even bring himself to talk to women who are speaking of the great Michelangelo. Like most modern poems, Eliot's is high-brow and challenging to read--there are many references and allusions to explore.

A train is 100m long and is moving with uniform velocity of 45 km/h. The time it will take to cross a bridge 1km long is nearly?

We are given a train 100m long that is traveling at a uniform rate of 45 km/h. We are asked to find the time required to cross a bridge 1 km long.

We assume that the question means for the entire train to get across the bridge. Envision the engine at the very front edge of the bridge. In order for the entire train to cross the bridge, the engine will travel 1.1 km (the first km to get the engine across the bridge with the additional 100 m=.1 km to get the last car across the bridge).

So, the distance traveled will be 1.1 km at a rate of 45 km/h; to find the time we use d=rt or t=d/r where t is time in hours, d is the distance in km and r is the rate in km/h.

t=1.1/45 ==>

As a fraction this is 11/450 hours, or 1 and 7/15 minutes or approximately 1.47 minutes.

How did the industrialization of Europe in the 19th century lead to the Scramble for Africa?

Industrialization brought a seemingly endless need for raw goods. While Britain was the first nation to industrialize, France and Germany would both emergence as industrial powers in the nineteenth century and bring with them their own demands for raw materials to feed production in their factories. Britain had long established colonies in many parts of the world and this ensured a steady supply of raw goods into its factories. Germany and France, who had smaller empires and less control over what colonies the did have, needed places where they could reliably extract raw materials to maintain their industrial development. 

Sub-Saharan Africa was one of the few regions of the world that had not been formally incorporated into a European empire by the nineteenth century. A combination of geography, distance, and disease had long prevented Europeans from colonizing beyond the coast of Africa. This changed with the invention of steam power and the railroad. Europeans now had the means to establish travel through even the most challenging terrain, and in the late 19th century, a scramble for unclaimed parts of Africa began. 

The "Scramble for Africa" was formalized after the Berlin Conference in 1884, at which European powers led by the three big industrial empires--Britain, Germany, and France-divided the continent up to ensure Europeans would not war with one another over the creation of these new colonies. Throughout the remainder of the century, formal colonial governments were established that would last until the middle of the twentieth century when anti-colonial nationalist movements brought an end to European rule in Africa.

If an object was thrown vertically upward when will it hit the ground. V=9.8 m/s

Hello!

After an object was thrown, the only force acting on it is the gravity force (if we ignore air resistance). It acts downwards and is constant near Earth's surface. For an object of mass the gravity force is where  is the gravity acceleration.

By the Newton's Second law a constant force gives a body of mass a constant acceleration in our case it is Constant acceleration means that the velocity will be

(minus because has the opposite direction to ),

and the height will be

An object hits ground when the height is zero and

or

 or 

So the answer is: an object will hit the ground after 2 seconds.

From Arthur Rowe's book The Essence of Jesus, chapters 5 and 6, how did the early and medieval church use art and drama in its Christian devotion?

According to Rowe in chapter 5, the essence of Jesus in the Middle Ages was found in the art, music and drama of that period, and not in "political and military power struggles." If we want to find out how people experienced Jesus, we have to look at the arts. In a time before the printing press, when literacy was not widespread, Jesus' story was told through  displays of painting, music, and miracle plays, as well as through processions, pilgrmages and poems about Jesus that were recited in public squares.

Paintings that depicted Jesus in scenes from his life hung in private homes and churches to help people focus on Jesus during their worship and devotions. Often these paintings were quite lush and filled with synbolism that pointed to Jesus' power over death or his divinity. Other paintings showed scenes from Jesus' earthly life, such as the raising of Jairus' daughter or the feeding of the five thousand.

Processions and pilgrimages were used to spread the gospel and demonstrate that vast numbers of ordinary people worshiped Jesus. Miracle plays about Jesus performed in public squares acquainted or reminded the masses of the stories of Jesus' life. Plays like the Chester Miracle Cycle added explanations to familiar Bible stories, such as why the Magi brought the gifts they did to the baby Jesus. This level of detail made Jesus' life more real to people. 

In chapter 6, Rowe discusses the impact of the Reformation that swept across Europe in the late Middle Ages, splitting the church into Catholics and Protestants. Both Protestants and Catholics continued to use paintings, poetry, processions, and drama to spread the word about Jesus and to help people worship him. Painters from Rubens to Rembrandt provided vivid rendering of Jesus' miracles, passion, death, and resurrection, sometimes placed into contempary settings that would help make these stories seem present to people in their own lives. 

An outpouring of poetry and drama marked the end of the 16th and the 17th century. Poets like Robert Herrick and John Milton celebrated Jesus in verse. Milton wrote long, complex poems. Milton's most famous poem, Paradise Lost, covered the events that led to humans being expelled from Eden and ended with the proclamation that Jesus would be born, be cruxified, resurrected and then return again to earth in a second coming. In contrast, George Herbert wrote short, simple poems that expressed his love for Jesus.

In both periods, art, music, poetry and drama were key ways the essence of Jesus was conveyed, and these endeavors led to the creation of some of the greatest works of art and literature in Western civilization.

How does Auburn present the relationship between Catherine and Hal?

When answering this question, it's important to understand that Auburn presents the relationship between Catherine and Hal as one that evolves throughout the play. After her father passes away, Catherine maintains only two other key relationships in the story, one with Hal and the other with her sister Claire. While her connection with Claire doesn't undergo any major transformations and remains relatively stagnant, circular, and flat, her relationship with Hal dynamically changes as the story progresses. Auburn doesn't present any resolutions to the problems that exist in Catherine and Claire's relationship, which is fraught with conflict. However, the conclusion of the play suggests that Hal and Catherine resolve the issues that erupt between them, leaving us with the sense that they've found harmony and solace in each other's presence. 

With this in mind, we can then focus on the underlying dynamics that form the basis of Hal and Catherine's relationship, and the problems and resolutions that define the evolution of their connection. Auburn presents Hal as having a romantic attraction to Catherine and also a genuine desire to help her in her grief, but he is also alarmed by some of her behavior, suspecting that she may be a victim to the same illness that caused her father to lose his mind. Catherine struggles with the knowledge of her own potential. She realizes she has the potential to be a hugely influential mathematician like her father, but she also worries she may have inherited his disease. In addition she feels barred from reaching her full potential as a mathematician because of her gender, and chooses the role of a domestic caregiver to her father over pursuing a degree at a prestigious university.

In turn, the key problems that Catherine and Hal encounter in their relationship revolve around trust. Catherine doesn't trust Hal's intentions, believing that he is self-interested and would like to publish the proof he finds in her father's study room as his own in order to gain fame as a mathematician. She recognizes that Hal fundamentally misunderstands her, and does not realize how gifted she is. Meanwhile Hal is torn between is attraction to Catherine and desire to help her, and his concern that she is not mentally sound. This leads them to mistrust each other, Catherine mistrusting Hal's intentions, and Hal mistrusting Catherine's sanity. 

In the end, Hal realizes his mistake in overlooking Catherine's intelligence, and likewise Catherine recognizes that Hal would never publish a proof he hadn't written to achieve success. The two develop trust in each other again, and Hal is able to genuinely help Catherine overcome the issues she is struggling with. He encourages her to work on her proof so it an be published and she can become the mathematician that she has the potential to be. The play concludes with the implication that the relationship between the two has evolved into a long-lasting bond that provides for the needs of each character leading to greater harmony in their personal lives. 

From J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, please provide 4 examples of Holden being treated as an outcast.

One of the first situations where Holden is being left out is during a football game when he doesn't feel like he can go join the rest of his classmates. He decides to watch the game from a hill overlooking the field. He says the following:

"The reason I was standing way up on Thomsen Hill, instead of down at the game, was because I'd just got back from New York with the fencing team" (3).

The above passage proves that he was on the hill feeling left out. The next passage explains what led him to be on the hill that night as well as another incident that made him feel ostracized earlier that day: 

"I left all the foils and equipment and stuff on the goddam subway. It wasn't all my fault. . . So we got back to Pencey around two-thirty instead of around dinnertime. The whole team ostracized me the whole way back on the train" (3).

Because of this mistake, and how he was treated on the way home, he also feels like he can't join the football game that night. 

Another way Holden feels left out is when he feels lonesome and has no one to connect with. His roommate Stradlater goes on a date with Jane, a girl Holden really likes, and it drives him nuts. He feels so left out that he starts to obsess over Jane. As a result, he feels cast out of her life and also lonely by saying the following:

"All of a sudden, I decided what I'd really do, I'd get the hell out of Pencey--right that same night and all. . . It made me so sad and lonesome" (51).

A fourth time that Holden feels left out is when he is talking to his sister Phoebe and she is disappointed and upset with him for getting kicked out of school again. Holden describes Phoebe as follows:

"When I came around the side of the bed and sat down again, she turned her crazy face the other way. She was ostracizing the hell out of me. Just like the fencing team at Pencey when I left all the goddam foils on the subway" (166).

In this case with Phoebe, feeling left out doesn't always mean not getting an invitation to a party. A person can also feel like an outcast from a person's acceptance. Holden doesn't feel accepted by his parents, his schools, and his girlfriends as well. He doesn't feel like he fits in with life in general. No wonder he wants to run away from all of his problems. Luckily, he finds the help he needs in the end by staying in a hospital in California for awhile. 

What are the similarities between speed and velocity?

Speed is the ratio of the distance traveled over the time taken to travel. It gives us an idea of how fast an object is moving. It is a scalar quantity. That is, it only has a magnitude but no direction. Velocity is the ratio of displacement and the time taken for this motion. It gives us an idea of how fast the object is changing its position. Velocity is a vector quantity and has both magnitude and direction. 

Speed and velocity both represent a way to measure the change in position of an object relative to time. In fact, for a straight line motion, the speed and velocity of an object are the same (since distance and displacement will be the same). Speed and velocity are measured in the same units: meters per second or m/s. 

Hope this helps. 

What did the Berlin Conference do to Africa?

In the short term, what the Berlin Conference did to Africa was divide it up between European imperial powers. In the long term, the Berlin Conference helped to ruin the continent, helping to bring about many of the problems that it faces today.

When the Berlin Conference was called in 1884, Africa was still largely ruled by Africans.  However, the European powers had started to want to take greater control over the continent.  As the various European powers tried to take control, conflicts arose between them.  This would happen when two or more European countries coveted the same part of Africa.  This made for a dangerous situation because it could potentially cause European countries to go to war with one another.  In order to prevent this, the powers met at the Berlin Conference.  There, they split Africa up among themselves, deciding which power was to have which parts of Africa to control.  This was the immediate impact of the conference:  it divided the continent of Africa up between European countries, giving each country its own empire on the continent.

In the longer term, this conference and the imperial rule that followed harmed Africa terribly.  It split Africa up in ways that were not natural.  In other words, it drew artificial boundaries on the land, putting people of different nations together in single states or putting people of the same nation in different states.  This eventually led to a situation where African countries were given independence (starting in the 1960s) but were destabilized by internal ethnic unrest.  This can be seen in countries like Nigeria, which are made up of many different ethnic groups that often do not get along.  The fact that they are all part of the same country is one of the harmful long-term effects of the Berlin Conference.

Thus, the Berlin Conference divided Africa in the short term and set the stage for many of its later problems in the long term.

How significant was the Munich Putsch to Germany's history?

The Munich Putsch, or "Beer Hall" Putsch of 1923 was a miserable failure in one sense. Hitler and his co-conspirators were foiled in their attempt to spark a national revolution by seizing control of the government of Bavaria in Munich. Several were killed in a shootout in Munich, and the leaders, including Hitler himself, were arrested. So the Putsch itself was an unmitigated fiasco for Hitler. But he was able to shape the aftermath of the Putsch into a victory. Hitler's trial for treason was widely followed by the German people, and he used it to publicize key aspects of his message. During his trial, he spoke at length about the humiliations of the Treaty of Versailles, the incompetence and corruption of the Weimar government, and the looming threat of communism. These themes resonated with the German people, and elevated Hitler from an upstart in Bavarian street politics to a national political figure. He was found guilty, but received a light sentence, and served less than a year in prison. So the significance of the Munich putsch was that it made Hitler into a political force and served as a sort of founding moment in Nazi Party history.

How was the renaissance important?

The Renaissance movement began in Italy in the fourteenth century and quickly spread to the rest of Medieval Europe. This period is historically important because it gave us a number of inventions and innovations. The printing press, for example, the telescope and the clock were all invented by men during the Renaissance. It also improved our overall knowledge of the past through the re-discovery of Ancient texts and histories which were lost for many centuries prior to the Renaissance.

This movement also helped to develop vernacular literature. Many Renaissance scholars spurred traditional Latin in favour of their own language. Figures like Dante and Boccaccio in Italy, for example, made great strides in developing the Italian language.  

Finally, the Renaissance helped to pave the way for a number of other movements, like the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These two movements further increased human progress and could not have taken place without the groundwork laid by the Renaissance thinkers. 

What is the only thing Doodle asks of his brother? Why is this important to the overall impact it had on the narrator?

The only thing Doodle asked of Brother is to not leave him.  This happens when Brother cruelly showed Doodle the coffin that was made for Doodle when he was a baby and not expected to live.  Brother dared Doodle to touch the coffin, and Doodle was too scared to do it.  Doodle stood frozen in the barn looking at the coffin and pleaded to Brother not to leave him there alone.

Because Doodle did everything Brother asked him to do, the fact that Brother left Doodle behind during the violent thunderstorm at the end of the story showed Brother’s selfishness and lack of empathy for what Doodle experienced throughout his short life.  Doodle learned to walk for Brother, he tried to climb ropes and jump and run through Old Woman’s Swamp to please Brother, but Brother never seemed satisfied with Doodle’s valiant efforts to be “normal” for him. 

In the end, Brother, as an adult looking back on his childhood, realized his own guilt and shame in the way he treated Doodle, and it was all due to his pride.

What is the difference between a "request" and an "inquiry?"

A request is the act of asking someone to do something, while an inquiry is the act of asking for information.  Either can be expressed as a statement or as a question, though, which might seem confusing.  I will give you some examples.

A request:

Please turn up the heat in the house for me because I'm feeling chilly.

Will you please turn up the heat in the house for me because I'm feeling chilly?

Using the word "request" in a sentence:

I made a request at the hotel desk for a room on the first floor.

She will request a new roommate next term.

An inquiry:

Have you got this dress in a smaller size?

I would like to know if you have this dress in a smaller size.

Using the word "inquiry" in a sentence:

I need to make an inquiry about the availability of rooms next weekend. 

She will make an inquiry about which documents are going to be put into evidence.

These words are probably used interchangeably by some people, but they do have different meanings and uses.  It's always so much better to use language with precision! 

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, what are some quotes in Chapter 14 that impact the theme of education, bravery or loss of innocence?

When you say "impact," I assume you mean "relate to" or "represent." 

For bravery, there are two instances that stand out. First Jem believes there is a snake under the bed and gets a broom to remove it. Scout even asks if he thinks it really is one. This is brave of Jem, to do. Second, he finds that it is not a snake, but it is Dill hiding under the bed because he has run away from home. He stole thirteen dollars from his mother and made his way to Maycomb. This is also brave. Dill is very young and very little to be running away and especially so far by train all by himself.

For loss of innocence, I think immediately of the first part of the chapter where Scout asks Atticus what "rape" is and he answers her honestly. Although she still does not fully grasp what it is, this is the beginning of her maturation and learning very adult terms for very adult actions. Atticus does not keep this information from her and answers any questions she asks with honesty and care. This same instance could also fall under the theme of education. While it is not traditional (in school) education, this conversation is more about educating Scout about the world she lives in and is responding to.

“That won’t work because there are more liars than there are honest men.” Who said this to whom? What does it suggest about this...

Your question refers to the conversation that takes place between Lady Macduff and her young son in Act 4, Scene 2, just before the Murderers arrive with orders from Macbeth to kill Macduff's family and everyone else in his castle.

SON: Was my father a traitor, Mother?

LADY MACDUFF: Ay, that he was.

SON: What is a traitor?

LADY MACDUFF: Why, one that swears and lies.

SON: And be all traitors that do so?

LADY MACDUFF: Everyone that does so is a traitor and must
be hanged.

SON: And must they all be hanged that swear and lie?

LADY MACDUFF: Every one.

SON: Who must hang them?

LADY MACDUFF: Why, the honest men.

SON: Then the liars and swearers are fools; for there are liars
and swearers enough to beat the honest men and hang up
them.

This dialogue between mother and son is intended to show the loving relationship that exists between them. It also characterizes the boy, who must be only about ten years old, as intelligent and likeable. We can understand why his mother loves him. The audience is amused, and there will be a lot of laughter at the boy's observation that there are more liars and swearers than honest men. Out of the mouths of babes! The author's intention is that the mother and little boy should be taken by complete surprise when the Murderers appear so abruptly. The audience is also taken by surprise, even though they were forewarned by Macbeth when he says in an Aside in Act 4, Scene 1:

The castle of Macduff I will surprise,
Seize upon Fife, give to th' edge of th' sword
His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls
That trace him in his line.

The key word here is "surprise." Since Macbeth says he intends to take the castle of Macduff by surprise, the intrusion of Macbeth's soldiers should come as a surprise to mother, son, and audience simultaneously. Shakespeare achieves this surprise effect by preceding the incursion with some deliberately misleading and comical dialogue. Macbeth probably says that he intends to take the castle by "surprise" because he only sends a small group of men to execute his orders, and they could only get inside if they took the castle by complete surprise.

The son shows remarkable bravery in spite of his small size and tender years. The kinds of questions he asks his mother show he cannot be much older than ten. He is forced to take on the role of protector which Macduff would have had to assume if he had been there. The little boy is true son of a brave and noble father. The audience feels the loss Macduff will have to bear before Macduff himself ever hears about what Macbeth has done to his family. 

How do snakes excrete or reproduce?

Snakes are classified in the group known as reptiles. These are organisms with dry skin that is protected by a scaly covering. They have adapted to life on land and have well-developed lungs.

In terms of reproduction, snakes have internal fertilization as do all reptiles. Males and females join their cloacas together and sperm is placed into the female cloaca. They have eggs that are known as amniotic eggs with various membranes that assist in the development of the embryo and provide a food supply.

While most reptiles lay eggs that develop externally, there are some Squamata (snakes and lizards) that are known as ovoviviparous and the young can be born alive. There is no placenta, however, as in mammals. The reptile that develops is nourished by food stored within the egg along with some nourishment and oxygen provided by the cells in the female oviduct. The oviduct is where the fertilized eggs develop. An example of a snake that is ovoviviparous is the garter snake.

Adaptations for the excretion of wastes in snakes include the lungs, kidneys, and cloaca. Snakes can excrete carbon dioxide from their lungs.

Snakes have kidneys that are paired. They can excrete their liquid wastes as urine which contains ammonia or urea depending on where the reptile lives. If it lives on land, the more toxic ammonia is converted to less toxic uric acid and is excreted with a small amount of water. If the reptile lives in the water, it will excrete ammonia which is directly passed into their watery habitat. They lack a urinary bladder and the wastes are sent from kidneys to the cloaca to be excreted.

Feces from undigested food materials are passed from the intestine into the cloaca and expelled.

The cloaca is a common duct for many purposes in reptiles-reproduction as well as the excretion of wastes.

I have attached a link about snakes with a nice labeled diagram.

Why is Nicholas in disgrace in "The Lumber Room" by Saki?

In “The Lumber Room” by Saki, Nicholas is “in disgrace” for a number of reasons. The most obvious reason seems to be that he refused to eat his breakfast because there is a frog in it.

Nicholas was not to be of the party; he was in disgrace. Only that morning he had refused to eat his wholesome bread-and-milk on the seemingly frivolous ground that there was a frog in it.

There is an underlying cause for Nicholas's disgrace. The adults, who were supposedly older and wiser, tried to assure him it was impossible for a frog to be in his milk, but he knew better and proved them wrong. This was an affront to the adults' intellect. A mere child outsmarted them as he described the animal in great detail and turned out to be telling the truth. It must be noted that Nicholas put the frog there himself, so there was really no question of whether it was possible to have a frog in one’s breakfast. The adults, especially the aunt, found this action infuriating.

How does Macbeth change throughout the play? What influences him to change?

Shakespeare needed to have Macbeth change into a tyrant for the purposes of his plot. Macbeth's tyranny and rule by terror makes many Scottish nobles and commoners flee to England. This unrest in Scotland is seen as a threat to the stability of his own realm by the English king, and this is what motivates him to go to the expense of raising a big army to overthrow the tyrant. If Macbeth had been a kind and efficient ruler, the English king would probably not have interfered in Scottish politics in spite of the pleas of Malcolm and Macduff. The fact that Malcolm was the heir apparent to the Scottish throne would not have been sufficient in itself to move the English king to help him.

King Edward knows nothing about what really happened when Duncan was murdered. The story Macbeth tells is that Malcolm and Donalbain bribed Duncan's two grooms to kill the old man in his sleep so that Malcolm could become king and Donalbain could become next in line of succession and also profit by getting all sorts of endowments from his older brother. Then, according to Macbeth's story, the two brothers fled because they were afraid of being found guilty of murdering their father. King Edward would have no idea whether or not the story was true. For all he knew, Malcolm might have had his father killed so he could succeed him. But in any case, Edward would not feel justified in invading Scotland with what was then a huge army if Macbeth had turned out to be a wise and worthy ruler.

Macbeth's descent into tyranny is hard to explain. No doubt he had no intention of being a wicked ruler when he murdered Duncan. He probably hoped to salve his conscience by at least trying to be as good a king as Duncan had been. He says in a soliloquy in Act 5, Scene 3:

I have lived long enough. My way of life
Is fall'n into the sear, the yellow leaf,
And that which should accompany old age,
As honor, love, obedience, troops of friends,
I must not look to have; but, in their stead,
Curses, not loud but deep, mouth-honor, breath,
Which the poor heart would fain deny and dare not.

That must have been what he had hoped for if he became king--honor, love, obedience, troops of friends. He certainly couldn't have been hoping for what he actually got. The only plausible explanation for why he became such a hateful tyrant is that everybody knew he had committed the worst sort of treason and were recalcitrant because he was not the legitimate ruler. This then compelled him to rule by force and terror. Otherwise he could not get obedience. But the force and terror only made everyone hate him all the more.

In the story, "The Sniper" what happens to the sniper after he shoots the man in the armoured car?

After the sniper shoots the man in the armored car, he shoots the woman who indicated his position.   In order to get a good aim at the man in the armored car and the woman, the sniper had to expose himself to his enemy.  Consequently, he was shot in the arm. This endangered his life because he could no longer handle a rifle.  It was too heavy, and his arm was too weak.  He had to find a way to get his enemy within revolver range.   He knew that he could not wait until morning because,

“The enemy on the opposite roof covered his escape.” (pg 2)

He needed a plan in order to deceive his enemy.  He placed his cap on top of his rifle and held it over the parapet of the roof.  A bullet pierced the cap.  He held his hand lifelessly over the roof and dropped the rifle to the ground below.  His deception had worked.  The enemy thought that he was dead and stood up. 

“He was now standing in front of a row of chimney pots, looking across, with his head silhouetted against the western sky.” (Page 2)

This allowed the sniper to focus his aim on the enemy.  It still took an excellent shot to kill the man in the dim light with a revolver, but the sniper succeeded, and the man fell off the roof and landed on the ground below.

In checking out the identity of the enemy , the sniper realizes he has just killed his own brother. 

My copy of the story is from the internet, and the page numbers may not coincide with your version. They should be close.

Find the equation for the line that passes through the point (1, −4) , and that is perpendicular to the line with the equation x = 4

We are asked to find the equation of the line through the point (1,-4) and perpendicular to the line x=4:

To write an equation of a line we need either a point and the slope, or two points. Here we are given a point so it suffices to find the slope.

Since the line x=4 has no slope (the slope is undefined for a vertical line), the line perpendicular will have slope m=0 (a horizontal line.)

Thus we have a line with slope 0 going through the point (1,-4).

The equation is y=-4. (Or y=0(x)-4, but 0*x=0 for all x, so we leave that term out.)

Why didn't the people of Maycomb have any money in the book To Kill a Mockingbird?

The main reason why the people of Maycomb didn’t have any money was because the book was set during the Great Depression of the 1930s.  In 1929, there was a stock market crash that left many investors penniless.  Banks went bankrupt, and jobs were scarce.  The president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, implemented relief programs to help the economy.  In the story, Bob Ewell got a job with the WPA, a relief organization meant to give men jobs.  Harper Lee described Maycomb as a place where “there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy, and no money to buy it with.”  Harper Lee also alluded to the famous inauguration speech of Roosevelt’s when she mentioned that they have been told they have “nothing to fear but fear itself.”

Maycomb was a small town whose way of life was slowly dying as well. There weren't any major industries to keep the town solvent, and like many small towns in America, Maycomb was on the verge of social and economic collapse.   Maycomb was mainly a farming community that struggled during this time.

The extreme poverty caused by the Great Depression was best shown through the living conditions of the Ewells and the discrimination against black members of the community.  Blacks would have been the last segment of the population to get jobs during this time, and their segregation from Maycomb showed the depth of poverty they experienced.

What did they call a group of people who made laws in Colonial times?

Local governments and governing bodies changed during the Colonial period in the Thirteen Colonies.  Initially, each of the Thirteen Colonies was governed by a Colonial charter.  These charters, which were unique for each Colony, outlined rights of citizens and allowed for some level of religious freedom.  

In addition to the charters, each Colony had a governor and his council. The governor was the representative for the King in the American Colonies.  The council members served more of an advisory role.  In addition, individual Colonies had assemblies.  These assemblies consisted of elected officials to represent the citizens of each Colony.

When tensions with England began to form due to taxation that the Colonists believed were unfair, each Colony sent representatives to form a Continental Congress.  This was the first time that the Thirteen Colonies had a common, united body of government that was separate from the King and Parliament.  This Continental Congress created laws, made decisions, and formed an army.

Who killed Abraham Lincoln the 16th President?

Abraham Lincoln was President from 1861-1865. He was in his second term when John Wilkes Booth assassinated him a few days after the end of the Civil War. President Lincoln was at Ford’s Theatre watching the play My American Cousin when John Wilkes Booth entered his booth and shot him. President Lincoln died the next morning across the street at Petersen House.

John Wilkes Booth was a southern sympathizer who wasn’t happy with President Lincoln. President Lincoln had skillfully guided the Union through the Civil War to victory. The Civil War ended a few days before President Lincoln’s assassination. John Wilkes Booth wasn’t happy that President Lincoln wanted to help the freed slaves. Thus, Booth seized the opportunity to enter President Lincoln’s box at the theatre when Lincoln’s bodyguard stepped away during an intermission in the play. John Wilkes Booth was on the run for 12 days. Union soldiers killed him.

What would happen if the Panama Canal were ever to close?

If the Panama Canal were to close, the major impact would be on the United States.  This closure would impact its economy and its military.

If the canal were to close, the US military would become less flexible.  Ships that were in the Pacific would not be able to move relatively quickly to the Atlantic and vice versa.  This might require the country to maintain a larger navy so as to have more ships in each ocean at all times.

The bigger impact, however, would be economic.  The main thing that would happen is that ground transportation would probably become more important.  It is likely that the US would continue to import large quantities of goods from Asia.  However, those goods would no longer be able to ship directly to the East Coast through the Panama Canal.  Instead, they would presumably have to land at West Coast ports and be shipped by rail and/or truck to destinations across the country.

The closing of the Panama Canal would likely not be a huge economic or military blow.  It would cause changes and some difficulties, but I do not believe it would be catastrophic.

In the "The Sniper," how does the author contrast war and a lovely summer night in the beginning of the story. Write the lines that show this...

Liam O'Flaherty's anti-war short story "The Sniper" is set in the Irish capital during the Battle of Dublin, which was waged at the beginning of the Irish Civil War. The battle was waged on the streets and lasted about a week. At this time the Four Courts, a government building, was under siege by Free State troops who were being armed and financed by Great Britain.

In the first paragraph O'Flaherty begins with two sentences that describe an idyllic Dublin summer night with "fleecy clouds" mirroring light on the Liffey River which runs through the center of the city just to the south of the Four Courts. This beautiful and serene summer night is abruptly interrupted by "heavy guns," "machine guns and rifles" and "dogs barking."

War is raging in this beautiful capital of the "Emerald Isle" and soon the reader is introduced to the main character, a Republican sniper on a rooftop. He is there to protect his comrades in the Four Courts as they are under attack from British aided Free State troops.

Explain two impacts that Columbus' voyage had on the new world.

Columbus' role in opening the Americas to European colonization is well known. The social and political consequences of his activities continue to be felt to to this day. Two important material exchanges that occurred due to Columbus' voyages are: the importing of horses to the America, and the exporting of tobacco from the New World to Europe. 

By bringing horses to the New World, Columbus changed the landscape of transportation and commerce. People traveling by horse traversed much greater land than those travelling by foot. Horses were important features in the warfare that erupted both between Native American and settler communities, as well as in tribal conflict amongst Native American communities themselves. 

Exporting tobacco became one of the dominant economic activities of the Americas. Tobacco, like cotton, was a lucrative crop grown in a plantation style of agriculture. This plantation style agriculture depended on the enslavement of large groups of people, including African people and Native Americans. The high demand for economic exports fueled a slave-based economy that would last until the American Civil War. 

Why did John Steinbeck choose Of Mice and Men as the title for his novel?

The title of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men foreshadows the tragic events of the novel. Steinbeck derived the title from the poem “To a Mouse” by Scottish poet Robert Burns. In the poem, a mouse carefully builds itself a nest in a field so that it will be protected from the frigid winter when it comes. Unfortunately, a farmer plows through the field, wrecking the nest and leaving the mouse exposed to the elements. Burns then comments:

The best laid schemes o’ Mice an’ Men 

          Gang aft agley, 

An’ lea’e us nought but grief an’ pain, 

          For promis’d joy!

In simple English, Burns is saying that our plans often go very wrong, even when we work hard to make sure they succeed. Understanding this, one can easily see how the title foreshadows the events of the novel. Throughout the story, Lennie and George wish and plan to have a farm of their own. Unfortunately, despite their hard work, their plans are crushed. The title Of Mice and Men truly encapsulates the theme of the story.

Tom Godwin's short story "The Cold Equations" opens in suspense and conflict. What do you predict will happen next?

Tom Godwin's short story "The Cold Equations" opens with suspense because the reader immediately knows an unidentified being is in the ship with pilot Barton. However, the conflict does not develop until the end of the second page when the stowaway emerges from the closet to reveal she is a girl. Barton was expecting a man and, as an Emergency Dispatch Ship (EDS) pilot, is very accustomed to seeing men die in the new frontier and very ready to jettison the male stowaway to ensure the many lives he is heading to the planet Woden to save are indeed saved. His realization the stowaway is a young girl, innocent of the fierce new frontier laws, creates significant internal conflict within Barton.

However, based on the details Godwin explains concerning circumstances of distance and travel in the new frontier, even by the second page of the story when the conflict is revealed, the reader knows the story can only have one possible outcome--the girl must die to ensure the lives of many others are saved. Specifically, Godwin informs the reader that, since the galaxy is so spread out, the distance between the different colonies and explorers had caused a significant problem. Large hyperspace cruisers were built to transport colonists and explorers and to visit the colonies to check up on them, but the cruisers were too large and expensive to be able to make unscheduled emergency stops at colonies when need arose. Therefore, officials needed to design small, fast ships that could deliver emergency supplies and aid, but the ships were too small to be able to carry any more than the amount of fuel necessary to reach their emergency destinations. An extra person on-board the ship would burn up too much carefully calculated fuel supply, rendering it impossible for the emergency vehicle to reach its destination, costing the lives of many; therefore, authorities issued the law that stowaways aboard EDS vehicles "shall be jettisoned immediately following discovery."

Since the reader knows from the start of the story that, by the laws of physics, one life must be sacrificed to save the lives many, the reader can easily predict the outcome of the story and is never surprised by the outcome. The reader is saddened, even heartbroken by the outcome just as Barton is heartbroken, but never surprised.

What is a summary of chapter 23 of The Story of My Life?

Helen began this chapter by expressing her joy in having a variety of wonderful friends.  She explained that some of them were famous and some were not.  She mentioned that she "dislike[d] people who try to talk down to [her] understanding."  Helen then went on to describe some of the different types of people who she called friends or had met.  She shared her thoughts and feelings about God.  Many of those beliefs were influenced by Bishop Brooks.  He taught her that "God is love."  

Descriptions of specific friends of Helen made up the rest of the chapter.  One notable person who was a dear friend of Helen Keller's was Alexander Graham Bell.  He told her about his experiments and they even flew kites together.  She visited him at his home in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia.  Helen also went on the describe the people she met in New York City.  She ended the chapter and the book by stating:

"... my friends have made the story of my life."

Why is Helen Stoner concerned that Sherlock Holmes won't take her case?

Helen Stoner is afraid Sherlock Holmes will refuse to help her because she does not have enough money to pay his fee. She tells him:

Oh, sir, do you not think that you could help me, too, and at least throw a little light through the dense darkness which surrounds me? At present it is out of my power to reward you for your services, but in a month or six weeks I shall be married, with the control of my own income, and then at least you shall not find me ungrateful.”

Her stepfather Dr. Roylott controls her capital and her income, but according to the terms of her deceased mother's will, Roylott will have to pay her one-third of the income from her mother's estate every year when she gets married. Holmes will later do some research and learn that this will amount to about 250 pounds a year. And it turns out that Roylott is trying to murder Helen in order to avoid having to pay her that sum of money. Holmes establishes that Roylott murdered Helen's sister Julia two years earlier for the same motive: Julia was engaged to be married and would have been legally entitled to a payment of about 250 pounds a year. Roylott has gotten himself into financial difficulties and would be virtually destitute if he had to pay either of his stepdaughters that much money out of his dwindling income.

But Holmes takes Helen's case out of sympathy for the terrified girl. He is also intrigued by the unusual nature of the case. The story is what is called a "locked room murder mystery." Assuming that Helen's sister Julia was murdered, how could the perpetrator have managed it when the girl was sleeping in a room with the door locked and the window-shutters tightly closed and bolted? 

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote four Sherlock Holmes novels and fifty-six Sherlock Holmes short stories. He established that his detective would take cases on a pro bono basis because this would enable the author to deal with a wider variety of characters, plots, and settings than would have been the case if Holmes only worked for the affluent class of people who could afford to pay his fee. It enabled Conan Doyle to continue to be creative and extremely popular on both sides of the Atlantic. This unusual altruistic attitude of the great detective can be observed in two of the most popular Sherlock Holmes stories: "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" and "The Red-Headed League." Dr. Watson, who is the narrator of most of the stories, frequently explains that Holmes only takes cases that interest him. The detective has become so sought after that he no longer needs to be concerned about money. In one story, "The Adventure of the Priory School," Holmes' client, a wealthy English nobleman, writes him a check for six thousand pounds, which would be equivalent in purchasing power to millions of today's American dollars. Early in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" Dr. Watson states:

...working as he did rather for the love of his art than for the acquirement of wealth, he refused to associate himself with any investigation which did not tend towards the unusual, and even the fantastic. 

In John Osbourne's play Look Back in Anger, why are the stage directions so elaborate?

Stage directions can be complicated for two reasons: one, directors may choose to ignore them in favor of stylistic or other creative changes, subject to their own interpretation. Two, stage directions that are too vague or too specific may cause problems for directors and performers, either because too little information is provided, or too much detail can limit the portrayal of a character.

Most theatrical productions will reflect the original playwright's intentions as far as they are practical, but sometimes interpretation allows for very dramatic changes; such as when Shakespeare's plays are set in different historical eras, locations or with contemporary social contexts. Realistic plays like Look Back in Anger are usually performed "as written" because they are specific portrayal of moments in time that capture the zeitgeist of their era and/or their particular locations (in this case the Midlands). Some playwrights are also known for very literary and descriptive stage directions because they reflect the literary quality of the play (this applies to playwrights like Tennessee Williams, whose plays were also very specific to certain locations).

Osbourne's play was innovative for its time, because it portrayed a very naturalistic atmosphere and the dialogue was very realistic. Because the play's thematic concerns have to do with an exposure of the frustration of the young working class, the very detailed and specific stage directions and descriptions of actor's movements and mannerisms helped to create an authentic and powerful portrayal of this social context. 

King Arthur asks Sir Bedivere to throw Excalibur into a lake. What is your opinion of Sir Bedivere's actions?

Sir Bedivere is a character from the Arthurian legends who bears some similarity to Percival. Depending upon which version of the story you are reading, the role and actions of Bedivere and Percival are fairly similar. For example, in the book Le Morte D'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory (one of many versions of the story), it is Percival who is the "cup bearer" and who is by Arthur's side as he lays dying, and who ultimately fulfills Arthur's request to throw Excalibur into the lake.

The poet Alfred Lord Tennyson also wrote about the Arthurian legends frequently, and in his poem "Le Morte D'Arthur," Sir Bedivere is portrayed as the knight who grant's the King's dying wish. Arthur believes that Excalibur, the fated sword that defined his kingship, should be returned to the magical waters of the lake that forged it, so that it can be offered again when a suitable leader appears. Bedivere takes Excalibur to the shore to grant Arthur's request, but once he arrives, he hesitates. Tennyson's poem describes the intricate beauty of the sword as Bedivere gazes upon it, then portrays his state of mind as he decides not to throw it into the water.

He gazed so long

 That both his eyes were dazzled, as he stood,

 This way and that dividing the swift mind,                  

 In act to throw: but at the last it seem'd

 Better to leave Excalibur conceal'd

 There in the many-knotted water-flags,

 That whistled stiff and dry about the marge.

 So strode he back slow to the wounded King.

Tennyson suggests here that the magical qualities of the sword have confused Sir Bedivere and made him unable to fulfill Arthur's order. It is understandable that Bedivere would not want the sword to be lost from the world of mankind: it was responsible for uniting the kingdom under Arthur, because it was Arthur’s destiny to pull the sword from the stone. Arthur discovers Bedivere’s failure to perform the task, and angrily orders him again to cast the sword into the lake. Bedivere is an honest and faithful knight and servant to the king, and realizes he has acted impulsively and now must do as the King wishes. When he does, he sees the hand of the Lady of the Lake reach up to grab the sword and pull it under the surface of the water.

So flash'd and fell the brand Excalibur:

But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm

Clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful,

And caught him by the hilt, and brandish'd him

 Three times, and drew him under in the mere.

This powerful image stays with Bedivere and he relates it to King Arthur, who then understands he may die at peace, his duty fulfilled. Bedivere then accompanies Arthur to the barge that carries him to the sea and his final resting place. He has proved a most loyal knight and will live on in legends. All of the stories of what British historians call “The Matter of Britain” relate the timeless quality of the heroic adventures and tragic actions of Arthur, Guinevere, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table.

In Act One of The Crucible, what is the heart of the disagreement between Reverend Parris and John Proctor?

Beyond the fact that Reverend Parris and John Proctor don't like each other, Parris feels that Proctor leads a faction to remove him from his position, and Proctor feels that Parris preaches too much fire and brimstone and isn't a godly man.

Parris feels that everyone must be perfectly obedient to the church (and, by extension, himself) "or the church will burn like Hell is burning," he says.  Of course, when everyone is obedient, it makes his job a lot easier.  He claims that "There is a party in this church.  I am not blind; there is a faction and a party."  He believes that a secret group, led by Proctor, is working to get rid of him.  His pride is wounded by the meagerness of his salary in his eyes, and he feels that he is persecuted in the town so that if he every proposes anything, "there by a howling riot of argument."  He feels ganged up on, unappreciated, and powerless to effect change.

Proctor, meanwhile, rarely comes to church because, as he says,

I have trouble enough without I come five mile to hear him preach only hellfire and bloody damnation.  Take it to heart, Mr. Parris.  There are many others who stay away from church these days because you hardly ever mention God any more.

Proctor feels that Parris only preaches fire and brimstone, and the minister seems not to say anything uplifting or comforting.  Proctor's got enough to worry about without coming all the way to town to hear doom and gloom at church.  It also bothers Proctor that Parris, unlike any minister before him in Salem, demanded the deed to his house (a house that only ever temporarily belongs to the current minister).  Proctor seems to feel that Parris is being greedy; Parris feels it would be a "mark of confidence" in him.   

Proctor does seem to bait Parris, and Parris allows Proctor to get his goat every time.  When Parris insists that there's a party in the church that works against him, Proctor jokes with Giles Corey, "Let's find the party.  He says there's a party."  Their antagonism of one another will continue, almost to the end of the play. 

The Scientific Method uses data to develop ideas or procedures whereas the Precautionary Principle is working in the absence of data (or at least...

Perhaps 50 years ago it would have been fair to say that policies to reduce CO2 emissions were based on the Precautionary Principle, because our climate science was still not very advanced and we could not say for sure how much damage CO2 was actually doing to the world's climate. We were pretty sure it was doing some damage, but we didn't have good models to say how much.

But today, it is very clearly the scientific method at work. Indeed, our climate models are astonishingly precise, given the complexity of the system involved; but because we have very good mathematical models and very fast computers to run them on, and we are constantly collecting new data in exquisite (some would say excruciating) detail from land-based, sea-based, airborne, and even satellite-based equipment. The current state of the art is not so much forecasting the climate itself as it is forecasting human behavior (obviously even more complicated) in order to estimate what the impact of various climate policies will be. It is based on these models that we know we need a dramatic reduction in CO2 emissions by the middle of this century or else the world will suffer grave outcomes that could kill tens of millions of people. (I'm sure that seems a bit macabre, but it's important to know---a lot is at stake here.)

Indeed, the real challenge is neither to forecast the climate nor to predict the outcomes of human behavior---it's to convince policymakers and the public to take the proper action. That part we still haven't figured out yet.

Interpret the first sentence of Ayn Rand's novel Anthem.

“It is a sin to write this.”

Writing is a very personal experience, especially if you are writing in a diary or journal like Equality is in the opening of the novel Anthem. He is writing down his thoughts and ideas about his discoveries in the tunnel and life in the dystopian society portrayed in Anthem. These are words that only Equality will read; they are not for the public to see because it is a sin to express yourself and your individuality.

Equality’s society is what is called a “collective” society, where the group is more important than the individual. Self-expression is denied, and that is why the government in this society controls everything and everyone. Citizens are raised in a dorm setting without love from their parents, they are given jobs that will suppress their talents and abilities, and they are forced to live in ignorance without knowledge of the past. 

In order for Equality to write down his feelings, he must hide from society. He knows that it is a sin, but Equality is intent on expressing his individuality by writing down his thoughts. He doesn’t worry about what will happen to him, for he is compelled to rebel against the system of his society.

When a news organization focuses on the Americans who died in a bombing rather than on the group that caused the bombing, it engages inA....

The correct answer here is to say that the media is engaging in framing when it focuses on the American victims of a terror attack rather than on the group that carried out the attack.  It would, incidentally, be framing as well if the media focused on the terror group.  That is because framing is simply the process of determining what gets reported and how it is presented.  Framing determines what will be presented as the important aspect of the story.

In this case, the media is framing the story as a story that is about the American victims of the attack.  It is telling us that they are the most important part of the story.  We are encouraged to think about them rather than about the group that did it, their motivations, or the geopolitical implications of the attack.  Framing, then, is the correct answer here.

Which element is least likely to form an ionic bond with sodium? Phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon

Between phosphorous, sulfur, chlorine and argon, argon is the element that's the least likely to form an ionic bond with sodium.

Elements form chemical bonds to achieve the stable electron configuration of a noble gas. All noble gases except for helium have eight valence or outer electrons, which is a complete octet. Helium only has two electrons, however that's a full outer energy level just as eight is for the other noble gases. Bonds form either by two atoms sharing electrons (covalent), or by electrons being transferred from one atom to another (ionic) so that both end up with a complete octet.

Argon already has eight valance electrons, which is a full outer energy level and therefore a complete octet. It doesn't gain or lose electrons easily and therefore doesn't form bonds. All of the noble gases are unreactive for this reason.

To help you understand this better, phosphorous, sulfur and chlorine will all form ionic bonds with sodium because they all gain electrons to form negative ions and sodium loses one electron to form a +1 ion. An ionic bond is the attraction between positive and negative ions. Chlorine is the most likely of the three to react with sodium because it has the strongest attraction for electrons. This property is called electronegativy, and increases going up and to the right in the periodic table. Fluorine is the most electronegative element.

Evaluate the integral

To evaluate, apply integration by parts   .

So let

and

Then, differentiate u and integrate dv.

and

And, plug-in them to the formula. So the integral becomes:

Therefore,   .

How do you come up with a good thesis statement for a sermon topic?

Your thesis statement for any written or spoken piece should really summarize the themes or purpose of your work. For a sermon, I would also place emphasis on how the sermon relates to God, the Bible, or other scripture. Your thesis statement should be able to stand alone and convey your message clearly, but also rely on the rest of the sermon to back it up.

Here are some things to consider:

What is the message of your sermon? Are you addressing a specific problem, or just looking to remind your community?

How does your message relate to God, the Bible, or other scripture?

Have you already come up with any really powerful phrases in your spoken or written sermon? These can help you narrow down your thesis statement.

Remember that theinterpretation of your sermon may be different for each person who hears it because of personal things going on in our lives and our differing levels of relationship with God.

I would suggest making a list of the most important points of your sermon, or writing a short summary. Use these to help you narrow down into one or two sentences the overarching lesson to be learned from the sermon. Try not to include passages or quotes in your thesis statement, as it should be your own voice conveying the message. Put it in the simplest terms possible, and then later back up your thesis statement with the rest of your sermon. 

What is a contemporary question relevant to Jean Bodin's theory of sovereignty?

Really any question involving the extent of powers of a sovereign central government could be relevant to Bodin's theory of sovereignty. For example, a debate about the civil war in Syria, born out of ethnic tensions and the geopolitics of the Middle East, might reference Bodin's notion of a unitary sovereign power with absolute authority over the people. Having lived through the wars of religion between Protestant Huguenots and Catholics in France, Bodin's mind was especially attuned to the problems caused by factionalism, and he argued that the only remedy, and the only way to achieve order, was through a sovereign with nearly absolute powers. For that matter, Bodin might be brought to bear on any question of sovereign power in the United States itself. Bodin would argue that the division of power created by the federal system leads to chaos and weakness. Sovereignty for Bodin was indivisible by its very nature. 

What is Miss Strangeworth suggesting in her letter to Mrs. Harper in "The Possibility of Evil"?

Miss Strangeworth and Mrs. Harper know each other fairly well. They belong to the same bridge club and call each other by their first names, as they do when they happen to meet in the grocery store earlier. Miss Strangeworth's first name is Adela and Mrs. Harper's first name is Martha. Adela Strangeworth has already sent several of her poison-pen letters to this poor woman who appears to be someone she has known for years. That day when Miss Strangeworth gets home she writes another.

After thinking for a minute, she decided that she would like to write another letter, perhaps to go to Mrs. Harper, to follow up the ones she had already mailed. She selected a green sheet this time and wrote quickly: Have you found out yet what they were all laughing about after you left the bridge club on Thursday? Or is the wife really the last one to know?

She is obviously suggesting that Martha Harper's husband has been having an affair with some women in the town and that everybody knows about it except his wife. This was probably more or less what Adela Strangeworth had hinted at in "the ones she had already mailed." Why is she doing this? She must be crazy. She doesn't realize that she is being cruel. From her point of view she is just warning Mrs. Harper of the "possibility" that her husband could be having an extramarital affair. When she runs into Martha Harper at the grocery store earlier, she notices that the woman seems different.

“Ran out of sugar for my cake frosting,” Mrs. Harper explained. Her hand shook slightly as she opened her pocketbook. Miss Strangeworth wondered, glancing at her quickly, if she had been taking proper care of herself. Martha Harper was not as young as she used to be, Miss Strangeworth thought. She probably could use a good, strong tonic… 

Miss Strangeworth is keenly observant. She takes an interest in all the people in "her town." Yet she doesn't realize that her anonymous letters to Martha Harper could be creating nervous problems that cause her hand to shake. Miss Strangeworth notices other people who seem troubled too: the grocer, for instance:

Mr. Lewis looked worried, she thought, and for a minute she hesitated, but then she decided that he surely could not be worried over the strawberries. He looked very tired indeed….

We learn later that she has sent him at least one anonymous letter in which she suggested that his grandson might be stealing money out of the cash register.

Many people seemed disturbed recently, Miss Strangeworth thought. Only yesterday the Stewarts’ fifteen-year-old Linda had run crying down her own front walk and all the way to school, not caring who saw her. People around town thought she might have had a fight with the Harris boy, but they showed up together at the soda shop after school as usual, both of them looking grim and bleak….

Linda Stewart and Dave Harris are two more victims of Miss Strangeworth's letters. She has written to Linda's parents hinting that the two young people have been going far beyond the usual hugging and kissing stage of adolescent romance. Miss Strangeworth does not understand her own motives. She seems to be a lonely spinster who is jealous of anybody who has anyone to love. This is apparently the case with Martha Harper and her husband. She is planting suspicions in Mrs. Harper's mind--not only of her husband but of all the women in the town with whom he could be having an illicit affair.

Miss Strangeworth never concerned herself with facts; her letters all dealt with the more negotiable stuff of suspicion.

This sweet little old lady does not realize the possibility of evil that exists in herself.

Do plants undergo photosynthesis or cellular respiration or both?

Plants undergo both the photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Plants (containing chlorophyll) undergo photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight to generate food and oxygen, as per the following chemical reaction:

The food thus generated is then broken down in the process of cellular respiration to generate energy, as per the following chemical reaction:

The energy is generated in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule, which convert to ADP molecules and releases energy. 

Both the food and energy are key requirement of any organisms and plants are no different. If we look carefully, we can notice that photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary process, that is products of one are reactants for the other process. Plants carry out cellular respiration all the time for generating energy, in order to carry out various operations. However, the process of photosynthesis is dependent on sunlight and takes place during few hours only.

Hope this helps 

What is the definition of the "Danish teen" in Number the Stars?

The book Number the Stars takes places in Denmark during World War II. This book highlights the bravery of the Danish people in helping Jewish people escape to Sweden to avoid persecution by the Nazi government of Germany.

In the book, there is a scene where German soldiers storm into the Johansens' apartment looking to see if they were hiding any Jewish people there. The Germans were looking for people that didn’t look Danish. The typical Danish teen is described as being happy-go-lucky. They would possess certain physical characteristics including blond hair and blue eyes. Any person who didn’t fit this description was considered to be suspicious in the eyes of the German soldiers who were looking for Jewish people who lived in Denmark. This is an important scene in the book because Mr. Johansen showed a picture of his deceased daughter, who had didn’t have blond hair when she was younger. This helped keep Ellen safe when the Germans entered the Johansens' apartment looking for Jewish people who may have been hiding there.

Why is it that a ship does not sink in the ocean, as heavy as it is?

Ships do not sink in ocean and actually float on the water surface, simply because of buoyancy. Liquids exert an upward force on bodies immersed in them and this upward force is known as the buoyant force. According to the Archimedes Principle, the amount of buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed object. 

Thus, to float on the water surface, all a ship has to do is to displace a higher weight of water than its own weight. This way, a higher buoyancy force (in upwards direction) will counterbalance the ship's weight (in downwards direction). This is done by increasing the surface area (which is in contact with water) of the ship, distributing its weight and keeping large sections hollow. This causes more water to be displaced and keeps the ship afloat. Smaller ships and boats are made up of wood, instead of metal, to keep the weight low and to ensure that they float.

Hope this helps.  

Who is referred to as the "lion" in the play?

Baroka is referred to as the "lion" throughout the play. Baroka is the Bale of Ilujinle who wishes to marry the village jewel, Sidi. However, Sidi views the Bale with contempt and makes fun of him for his old age. Sidi initially rejects Baroka's marriage proposal and claims that he is jealous of her recent fame. Cunningly, Baroka devises a plan to woo Sidi. He tells one of his wives, Sadiku, that he is impotent. Baroka knows that Sadiku will gossip and spread the false rumor throughout the village. Sure enough, Sadiku tells Sidi that Baroka is impotent. Sidi then accepts the Bale's invitation to dinner at his home so that she can mock him to his face. However, Baroka woos Sidi by showing her a machine that makes stamps and promising Sidi that her image will adorn each stamp leaving Ilujinle. Baroka then displays his wisdom by talking to Sidi and ends up taking her virginity. The next day, Sidi decides to marry Baroka and becomes one of his wives.

What is the main point of Chapter 1 in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird?

Chapter 1 is the narrative exposition of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Important information regarding the novel's main characters, setting, historical context, and plot are introduced throughout the exposition. In Chapter 1, we read that Jean Louise "Scout" Finch is the narrator of the novel who begins to tell the story explaining how her brother Jem broke his elbow. Scout gives a brief history on her family's background by explaining how Simon Finch immigrated and settled in Maycomb, Alabama. Scout provides the audience with details regarding her father's background and gives a description of the town of Maycomb, which is the setting of the novel. The audience learns about the Finch family dynamics throughout the first chapter and is introduced to Scout's friend, Dill Harris. The story begins the summer when Dill arrives in Maycomb. We read about the rumors surrounding the Finch's neighbor Boo Radley, which is essential to the plot of the story, and gain an understanding of how the children feel about him. Harper Lee introduces the main characters, describes the setting of the novel, and begins to set the plot in motion throughout the first chapter of To Kill a Mockingbird. 

What is the significance of the marble staircase in A Separate Peace by John Knowles?

The marble staircase is located in the First Academy Building on the campus of the Devon School. Gene describes it as having a red brick exterior, swinging doors, and a marble foyer preceding the staircase. This is one of the buildings he visits when he returns to the school 15 years after his graduation. Upon examination of the stairs after so many years, Gene says the following:

". . . the worn moons in the middle of each step were not very deep. The marble must be unusually hard. That seemed very likely, only too likely, although with all my thought about these stairs this exceptional hardness had not occurred to me. It was surprising that I had overlooked that, that crucial fact" (11).

Notice what the older Gene focuses on while describing these stairs years after his friend Phineas re-breaks a leg on them. He analyzes the unique hardness of the marble as almost an uncanny thought to him, now. And the "crucial fact," referring to marble being a hard surface, solidifies in his memory the terrifying and fatal moment when Finny broke his leg again on those stairs and died later because of it.

At the time of Finny's fall on those marble stairs, though, Gene describes the acoustics of the marble foyer as "admirable" (173). But when Gene describes what it sounded like to hear Finny fall on the marble stairs, it is as significant as Finny's life:

"The excellent exterior acoustics recorded his rushing steps and the quick rapping of his cane along the corridor and on the first steps of the marble stairway. Then these separate sounds collided into the tumult of his body falling clumsily down the white marble stairs" (177).

Thus, the staircase signifies the end of Phineas because that is where his final accident happens which causes him to die from surgical complications later.