What ideas sparked the rise of different nationalist leaders after WW1?

The ideas that fueled the rise of nationalist leaders after World War 1 were mostly similar in nature. The leaders often advocated for the rebuilding of their countries and the need to make them stronger. This turned the particular countries, under such leaders, into police/military states.

World War 1 caused major destruction in different parts of the European continent. The effects were still felt years later, especially, in Germany. Germany was accused of instigating and starting the war, to this effect, the nation was forced to take full responsibility for the war. The country was penalized through reparations, territorial restrictions, and weakening of their defense forces. Citizens viewed these penalties as punitive and leaders such as Adolf Hitler were displeased with the situation.

Hitler rose to power on the promise to restore Germany’s strength and guaranteed the nation’s survival. His message resonated well with that of the people and he eventually assumed dictatorial powers in Germany leading up to World War 2. 

In Italy, Benito Mussolini rose to power with the promise of uniting Italians in Austria-Hungary and Italy. He developed a private army that secured his reign in Italy.

In summary, the ideas of the nationalist leaders after WW1 were to;

• Strengthen the economy in their country


• Restore the nations’ sense of pride


• Enhance security and defense through a robust police and military force


• Demonize opposing nations while at the same time distancing their countries from international/regional blame


• Maintain unity among their citizens


• The leaders also offered to stop or prevent the growth of communism that was fueled by a poor economy


• They also promised the return of their previously held territories and an expansion of their existing national boundaries

Fe has one paired and a total of 6 electrons in d-orbit, then why does it not show +1 valency since by loosing one electron from d orbit, it will...

Iron is a transition metal and is placed in group VIII of the periodic table. Being a transition element, it exhibits variable valencies and being a metal, it donates electrons (rather than accepting them, like a non-metal). Iron exhibits two valencies: +2 and +3.

Iron has an atomic number of 26 and has an electronic configuration of

`1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^6, 4s^2`

As stated, iron has an electron pair in 3d orbital and a total of 6 electrons. However, it should be noted that both 4s and 3d orbitals are very similar in energy levels and iron loses the two 4s electrons first (for a valency of +2). It can lose an additional electron from 3d orbital (for a valency of +3) and achieve more stability with 5 electrons in 3d orbital. 

Hope this helps. 

Describe character types in "The Ransom of Red Chief."

Part of the delicious irony of O. Henry's story is that the character types are reversed. Normally the kidnappers would be the "bad guys" or antagonists, and the kidnapped child would be the protagonist or hero. In this story, however, Red Chief is the "bad guy" even though he is only a young boy and should be easily overcome by two older men. The boy is as obnoxious, cruel, and dangerous as any outlaw. The kidnappers, Bill and Sam, on the other hand, are eminently likable. Bill is the side-kick who carries out the orders of the "boss." The fact that Bill keeps trying to humor the boy and "play" with him even after he gets injured several times makes readers feel sympathetic toward Bill. Sam is the "mastermind" criminal, but is also, along with Bill, the protagonist. Sam uses his head, trying to pull off a crime, but he bears so little animosity toward anyone and shows so much forbearance toward Red Chief that readers like him, too. Ebenezer Dorset, Johnny's father, who should be a protagonist, is another antagonist in this story. He is also the quintessential skinflint; he is aptly named, reminding readers of Ebenezer Scrooge. Although Sam is supposed to be the mastermind, Ebenezer outwits Sam easily, and the law-abiding citizen becomes the extortionist in this humorous and ironic tale.

What is the tone of "From Dust Tracks on a Road" by Zora Neale Hurston?

(Note: I'm assuming this question pertains to the excerpt from Dust Tracks on a Road in the Prentice Hall American literature book, which covers the second half of Chapter 4, "The Inside Search," from Hurston's autobiography.)

In this chapter, Hurston explains a part in her life and describes an incident with two teachers from the North. As in most of the book, Hurston writes in a light, conversational, wistful tone that even approaches awe on certain occasions and allows her to discuss racial issues in a way that reflects her refusal to be defined by her race (see Hurston's essay "How it Feels to Be Colored Me").

The best way to see the tone is to look at the language Hurston uses. She begins this excerpt with, "I used to take a seat on the gate post and watch the world go by." She goes on to describe how she would ride with white people who passed her farm and they would be amazed by her "self-assurance" and "brazenness."

Throughout the book, including this passage, Hurston speaks in a Southern black dialect, including words that reveal where she's from. She uses phrases like "whipping before company" and "switched my dress tail at them."

When the white teachers (charitably? condescendingly?) ask Hurston to their hotel room because she reads well, she seems to admire them. She describes a scene in which the women ask her to read a passage from Scribner's Magazine and tell her after a few paragraphs "with smiles, that that would do." Perhaps it's Hurston's lack of reaction to these clearly condescending requests that add to her tone. She says nothing about these women in the rest of the book.

Most of the autobiography is written in this way. Hurston excuses or ignores seemingly racist or condescending actions. This is what makes the book so interesting and makes it stand out from other autobiographies written by African-Americans in this era.

Why epoxide is not considered as heterocyclic compound?

Epoxide is a type of cyclic ether. It is a three-atom ring composed of two carbons attached to oxygen. As to the definition, epoxides, also called as ethylene oxide, are classified as heterocyclic compounds. Any ring structure with two or more types of atom in its ring is classified as a heterocyclic compound. The IUPAC naming for epoxide is oxirane. 

Epoxides, compared with other cyclic ethers, are generally more reactive. The reason is that the three-membered ring is potentially strained. Acidification of the oxygen in the epoxide followed by a nucleophilic attack can easily open the ring. Epoxides are widely used in polymer industry since its cheap and the reaction is high yielding. 

Generally, epoxides with few numbers of carbons are odorless, colorless and are volatile. 

Why is the term "Romantic Movement" misleading?

The term "Romantic Movement" (also: Romantic Era, Romanticism) might be misleading to modern ears because of our understanding of what it means to be romantic. When we talk about "romance" today, we most often do so in the context of love or intimate relationships. One might think of roses, candles, and wooing their sweetheart. Romanticism was actually less focused on love or intimacy than it was on individualism and emotional expression. Themes such as horror, longing, and an appreciation for nature are all part of the romantic movement.

To a lesser extent, one might consider the term "movement" to be the misleading part. Personally, when I hear the term, I think of great political revolutions and social upheavals. Intellectual and artistic movements work far more implicitly than this. Though Romanticism did have a great effect on politics (particularly nationalist sentiment,) the intended end goal was not necessarily to inspire nationalism or liberalism. Rather, the Romantic Movement was a personal rejection of post-industrialist life and a perceived sense of moral or societal decay, as expressed through literature and the arts.

Pick the best test for identifying each of the gases carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and ammonia. Choose from these test options: lime water density...

The best choice to identify carbon dioxide gas is the limewater test. Limewater is an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. When CO2 is bubbled through lime water a precipitate of calcium carbonate forms turning the solution cloudy and white.

Here’s the equation for the reaction:

`Ca(OH)_2(aq) + CO_2(g) -gt CaCO_3(s) + H_2O_((l))`

Hydrogen gas can be identified using a flaming splint. Hydrogen is collected in a test tube. A burning wood splint is held near the top of the test tube as the stopper is removed. If the gas in the tube is hydrogen, which is flammable, it will ignite with a popping sound.

Ammonia gas is very soluble in water. When bubbled through a hose and into a flask of water, it dissolves produces an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide. Bubbles of hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide will both rise to the surface as gas bubbles. The presence of dissolved ammonia can be verified by checking the pH of the solution.  Ammonium hydroxide is basic so it has a pH above 7 and will turn red litmus paper blue.

The reason for ammonia’s solubility compared to other the other gases is that it’s very polar and it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules.