How is Scout different from her classmates in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Scout differs from her classmates in several striking and important ways.

One of the most basic is that she is not being raised by her mother. She's being raised by Atticus, a single father. This leads to several other differences.

For example, Atticus treats Scout with considerable respect, and allows her a lot of freedom. As a result, she is much more adult than many of her peers are.

One of the things she does is first learn to read before she is taught in school, and then to read extensively in things that she cares about, rather than reading the way the school wants her to.

This is one of the many ways she is a rebel. She's a rebel in other ways that are partially innate, and partially a result of Atticus raising her. She is brave and ethical beyond her peers, and that sets her apart. She is compassionate, as you can see when she becomes friends with Boo.

What are two ways that Ancient Egyptians used lapis lazuli?

Here are a few ways the Ancient Egyptians used lapis-lazuli.

1) Lapis lazuli was used in funeral masks such as the famous King Tut's mask (Tutankhamen).

2) It was a particularly favored gem for amulets and ornaments. Some of these were scarabs. Lapis lazuli was common in jewelry because of its rich color and rarity.

3) It is said lapis lazuli was ground up to use as makeup. Lapis lazuli was used as an early form of eyeshadow for the likes of Queen Cleopatra herself.

4) Lapis lazuli was used as a tribute paid to Egypt by other nations/civilizations.

5) It was most likely the fifth stone in the breast plate of a High Priest.

6) It was crushed into a dye to color fabrics and other materials. Clothing worn by kings, queens, and priests was dyed this blue hue to make them more like the gods themselves.

Why did the North industrialize?

Industry became prevalent throughout the North for several reasons. Factors such as geography, climate, natural resources, population, and innovation played important roles in the development of industry in the North. The extensive system of waterways throughout the Northern region of the United States played an important role in industrialization. Factories relied on the water from rivers to maintain production and to transport materials and finished products throughout the region. The Hudson, Delaware, Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela Rivers were vital to industrialization in the North. The climate in the Northern region of the United States was much colder, which adversely affected agriculture production. In comparison, the Southern economy in the mid-late 1800's relied heavily on agriculture, while the North utilized natural resources to increase factory production. The abundance of forests and iron ore deposits found throughout the Northern region contributed considerably to industrialization.

Following the Civil War, the North experienced an increase in population growth. Immigrants were quick to find work in factories which increased the development of industrialization. The majority of the Southern population remained involved in manual labor on plantations. As new factories were built and business interests in Northern industry increased, innovation soon developed which further advanced industrialization. One example of innovation that led to increased steel production was the Bessemer process, which resulted in the growth of cities like Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. All of these factors played important roles in the development industrialization in the North.

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, who is Cecil Jacobs?

Cecil Jacobs is Scout's classmate. He lives on the same street as her, though he is further down and closer to the Maycomb post office. Both Scout and Cecil are in the same class with Miss Gates as their teacher.  

Scout almost fights Cecil when he tries to insult Atticus. She eventually decides not to fight him, but Cecil calls her a coward. Eventually, they become friends. During the Halloween event at the high school, Scout and Cecil visit the various booths together and spend their money on treats. They each come with thirty cents.

Cecil and his family are Baptists, and his father plays on the Baptist football team. During the Halloween pageant, Cecil dresses up as a cow. When Scout and Jem walk to the Halloween event at the high school, Cecil sneaks up and scares them:

Someone leaped at us.

"God almighty!" Jem yelled.  

A circle of light burst in our faces, and Cecil Jacobs jumped in glee behind it. "Haa-a, gotcha!" he shrieked. "Thought you'd be comin' along this way!"

"What are you doin' way out here by yourself, boy? Ain't you scared of Boo Radley?"

Cecil had ridden safely to the auditorium with his parents, hadn't seen us, then had ventured down this far because he knew good and well we'd be coming along. He thought Mr. Finch'd be with us, though.

What was Adolf Hitler's personality like?

Adolf Hitler is a historical figure hard to imagine outside of his role as genocidal dictator, but surely he had other dominant personality traits he expressed privately. It is a little difficult to say with certainty what Hitler's personality was like because all contemporary documents discussing his personality were either propaganda skewed by the agenda of the Nazi party or observations made by foreign entities who saw him as an enemy. 

The report compiled for the United States Office of Strategic Services by Henry Murray is widely considered one of the most objective reports on Hitler's personality. Because it was compiled by an American psychiatrist for the purpose of providing the government with a better understanding of Hitler and how to get the one-up on him in future, we ought to bear in mind that some of this information may be biased. The report states Hitler's personality was almost entirely governed by some deep-seated insecurities and a desire for revenge against those he perceived to be at fault. Hitler was intelligent and crafted a public appearance that appealed to the needs and wants of the German people, but he was almost certainly criminally insane. He had a strong need for dominance and admired physical strength and aggression. The report states that he was often incapacitated by emotional disturbances. The whole report is redolent of Freudian psychoanalysis and states that Hitler's insecurities and outward aggression must have been caused by witnessing his parents engaged in intercourse as a young child. Presumably, this also made him very frail as a child and left him impotent as an adult.

A more recent, posthumous psychiatric evaluation based on the fourth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders implies that Hitler was a deeply troubled man. He likely suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Narcissistic Personality Disorder, and Sadistic Personality Disorder. This article mentions that when the famous psychiatrist Carl Jung met Adolf Hitler, he found him to be socially distant and unsettling. In more private settings, it seems that Hitler was quite withdrawn and generally unpleasant. It was only in public that he "put on" the persona of a charismatic and inspiring leader.

German propaganda of the time uplifted Hitler to the status of a demigod. He was painted as unshakable and infallible, with Germany's best interests at heart. The German people loved him because he promised to "fix" all of their problems and was exuberant in his apparent passions for their well-being.

So what was Hitler really like? It is hard to say for certain. It is most probable that he was deeply insecure and wanted others to have a positive image of himself as a means of over-compensating for real or perceived flaws.

Why doesn't Reverend Sykes make Jem and Scout leave the courtroom in Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem convinces Reverend Sykes that Scout doesn’t know what is going on at the trial.

Reverend Sykes sees Scout and Jem in the courtroom and notices that they do not have seats.  He tells them that there are no seats downstairs, and offers them seats upstairs in the balcony with the rest of the African-American population of Maycomb.

Reverend Sykes edged his way upstairs. In a few moments he was back. “There’s not a seat downstairs. Do you all reckon it’ll be all right if you all came to the balcony with me?” (Ch. 17)

The trial is not necessarily the best place for children, especially an eight-year-old girl.  This is why Reverend Sykes thinks that Scout should leave.  

Reverend Sykes leaned across Dill and me, pulling at Jem’s elbow. “Mr. Jem,” he said, “you better take Miss Jean Louise home. Mr. Jem, you hear me?” (Ch. 17)

When Jem says Scout does not understand, Scout protests that she does know what is going on.  The reverend is worried about whether or not Atticus knows that Scout is there.  Jem says Atticus can’t see them from where they are seated in the balcony. 

Bob Ewell causes a stir with his crude language when he is testifying about the supposed rape, and Judge Taylor makes an announcement that women and children might want to leave.  His response is that people “generally see what they look for, and hear what they listen for, and they have the right to subject their children to it.”

It is actually Dill who gets upset, and not by the rape testimony.  He has to be taken out of the trial because he gets physically ill reacting to Mr. Gilmer's cross-examination of Tom Robinson and the racism he uses.  He can't stand to hear him speak to a grown man in such a patronizing manner.

What are the conflicts in the novel Chains?

One conflict evident in the novel is person vs. society.  The best example of this conflict type is found in Isabel's and Ruth's struggle with slavery.  Upon the death of Mary Finch, Isabel and Ruth were to be set free.  Unfortunately, Robert doesn't feel obligated to honor Mary's wishes.  He keeps the two girls in slavery and sells them off to a new family.  The conflict is person vs. society, because Isabel and Ruth are fighting against a corrupt societal system.  That conflict is further escalated by Isabel agreeing to spy against the Loyalists in exchange for her freedom. 

Another conflict is person vs. person.  Isabel is central to this conflict as well.  Her main antagonist through much of the story is Madam Lockton.  Madame Lockton is not a kind woman, and she is especially mean and difficult toward Isabel.  

Madam Lockton's cruel treatment of Isabel leads to a third type of conflict.  The conflict of person vs. self.  As Madam Lockton escalates her cruel treatment, Isabel must decide what to do.  She can continue to take the punishment, continue to spy and hope for freedom, run away, or forge documents that grant her freedom.