What happened when Native Americans did not want to move?

The answer to this depends on the situation. Sometimes Native peoples were powerful enough that they could dictate whether whites were allowed to move into their territory. This was true, for example, of the Creeks in the late eighteenth century. But even they were eventually forced off of their lands by a combination of war, diplomacy and coercion. Usually, the federal government would conclude treaties with representatives of Native peoples, and these treaties would be binding on even those people who had not agreed. In this way, the federal government arranged for the removal of Indians. Federal troops were often used to remove those people who refused to leave their lands, and they were sent to reservations, lands set aside by the government. One example of this process was the ordeal of the Cherokee people in the 1830s. After most refused to leave in accordance with the Treaty of New Echota, they were rounded up and forced to go to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma in what has become known as the "Trail of Tears."

How does Wilfred Owen portray the physical and metal suffering of the individual soldiers in his war poems? I need to discuss this for an...

Many of Owen's poems discuss the physical and mental sufferings of soldiers during World War I. In perhaps his best known poem, "Dulce et Decorum Est", Owen contrasts the nobility of war as seen in the poems of Horace with the reality of trench warfare. He achieves this contrast by using vivid physical imagery of death, dying, suffering, and mutilation. The most dramatic imagery is that of the effects of mustard gas on a soldier:

He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.

... blood .... gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs ...

A poem that blends discussion of physical and mental effects of war is "Disabled", describing the thoughts going through the head of a disabled veteran who has lost legs and an arm in the war and is now watching people as active and athletic as he once was, and feeling bitterly depressed about his fate and about the way he is now treated by the able bodied.

Owen's poem "Mental Cases" discusses ex-soldiers who suffer from what we now would call post-traumatic stress disorder or what then was called "shell shock". Owen describes this phenomenon more poetically as:

These are men whose minds the Dead have ravished. 

... Always they must see these things and hear them,

Batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles...

In the poem, he shows these men constantly reliving the horrors they have witnessed in the war and unable to function outside an asylum.

What are the positive impacts of development of green energy from a perspective of businesses and companies?

There are no impacts of the development of green energy that are positive for all firms.  Different firms will be impacted differently by this development.

For most firms that are not directly involved in the energy business, the main positive impact of the development of green energy will be lower energy prices.  As green energy develops, there will be more total energy available to be bought.  As there comes to be more energy available, the price of that energy will drop.  Firms will therefore pay lower prices for the energy they use.  In this way, they will experience positive impacts from the development of green energy.

The obvious example of firms that are not helped by the development of green energy is firms that make their money from fossil fuels.  A firm that owns oil refineries will, of course, be harmed by the development of green energy.  So will a firm that transports oil or coal from place to place.

By contrast, firms that have to do with green energy will clearly benefit from its development.  A firm that builds solar panels will be helped by the development of green energy because it will be likely to find more buyers for its panels.  A firm that installs wind turbines will benefit for the same reason.

Is the government system of South Africa unitary or federal?

While South Africa's governing structures provide the formal trappings, or appearances, of federalism, the fact of the matter is that the Republic of South Africa is more unitary than federal in its daily operations. The Republic of South Africa, as it is formally known, is considered a “constitutional democracy,” with power ostensibly devolved to the myriad provinces that collectively comprise the nation. Additionally, each province, as with the individual states that comprise the United States of America, has a series of local governments that represent cities and towns throughout the country. The dominant role of the central government in Pretoria, the nation’s capital, however, is clearly evident in the manner in which that government passes and implements laws and decrees. Federalism involves the devolution of a fair amount of power from the center to the individual states or provinces, while retaining its ultimate control over broad issues of economic and foreign policies.

The current political system in South Africa is, not surprisingly, a product of the nation’s history. Ruled for most of its modern history by a small minority of descendants of Dutch (known as Afrikaners) and, to lesser extents, German and British colonialists, white domination over the much large black majority was institutionalized as an “apartheid” system of government, with that large majority deliberately marginalized and kept subservient through the well-trained and equipped military and intelligence services that enforced this brutal system. With the abolishment of “apartheid,” and the emergence of a majority black government in the mid-1990s, the African National Congress, which had been the largest and most effective political and military force opposing white rule, and which was led by the charismatic and long-time political prisoner Nelson Mandela, was catapulted into power in the 1994 elections. The ANC’s strength would ensure its place atop South Africa’s political system for the years that have followed.

South Africa is a democracy, but the strength of the ANC remains formidable, and it is that party that controls provincial governments throughout the country. The white population of South Africa constitutes less than ten percent of the nation’s population, and the ANC, as the dominant political party, exerts tremendous influence at the federal, provincial and local levels, with the notable exception of Orania, a town populated primarily and run by Afrikaners. While the provincial and local political systems enjoy some autonomy on a limited number of issues, there is no question that political power in South Africa is concentrated in Pretoria, and that the African National Congress continues to enjoy enormous power there. It is fair, therefore, the conclude that South Africa is far more of a unitary than a federal system.

What is the problem identified in the octave? What is the solution given in the sestet?

John Milton was born in 1608 and went blind in 1654. Milton probably wrote "On his Blindness" in 1655. It is an autobiographical poem reflecting on Milton's blindness. The octave poses the immediate problem Milton encountered of how to deal with his blindness on an emotional and religious level. Milton, at this point in his life, had a long and successful career as a writer of poems and prose pamphlets. He was also deeply pious, considering his work a form of service to God. In the octave, he wonders why God would take away his sight, as that renders him incapable of the work he had been doing in God's service, and how he can continue to serve God, being blind.

The sestet resolves these problems by accepting God's will. First, Milton acknowledges that since God is omnipotent, God actually does not need human help, saying:

... God doth not need

Either man's work or his own gifts;

Instead, Milton concludes that people best serve God by accepting God's will with faith and devotion. Thus rather than treat his blindness as something leading him to question God, he should strive to submit to God with patience and humility. 

In the play the crucible by arthur Miller how does this stage direction "proctor, respected, even feared in Salem" show integrity?

It shows integrity, because respect and integrity tend to come hand in hand.  Personally, I may or may not like a person, but that doesn't mean I can't respect him or her.  Chances are, I respect that person because he or she is a person of integrity.  I know that the person will do things that he or she believes is the right thing to do.  A person of integrity is someone that is trustworthy and generally has a strong moral compass.  Those are all things that I can respect about a person.  I might disagree with them from time to time, but I respect that person's strength of character to adhere to their personal belief sets.  That's John Proctor.  He is respected, because he is a hard worker with a strong moral compass.  He does what he does because he knows it is the right thing to do.  In the play, that attitude eventually gets him killed.  And for that kind of integrity, I respect John's actions.  

How does Johnny lose his innocence when his back breaks in The Outsiders?

Loss of innocence is a common theme throughout literature. Loss of innocence typically refers to when a character loses his/her childlike perspective on the world and comes to a realization regarding the environment around them. In the novel The Outsiders, Johnny Cade is a quiet, scared member of a gang called the greasers.

In Chapter 6, Johnny and Ponyboy enter a burning church to save children who are trapped inside, when a flaming beam lands on Johnny's back as he is about to exit the building. Johnny is rushed to the hospital where the doctors examine him. They find out that Johnny has a broken back and will likely be paralyzed for the rest of his life. In Chapter 8, Two-Bit and Ponyboy visit Johnny in the hospital. The boys have a conversation about their heroic actions during the fire, and Johnny asks for the book Gone With The Wind. When Two-Bit leaves the room to buy the book, Johnny starts to nod off and close his eyes. Johnny mentions that he cannot feel anything below his waist, and Ponyboy tries to encourage Johnny by telling him he'll get better. Johnny says,

"You want to know something, Ponyboy? I'm scared stiff. I used to talk about killing myself...I don't want to die now. It ain't long enough. Sixteen years ain't long enough. I wouldn't mind it so much if there wasn't so much stuff I ain't done yet and so many things I ain't seen. It's not fair. You know what? That time we were in Windrixville was the only time I've been away from our neighborhood." (Hinton 122)

This scene depicts Johnny's loss of innocence. Johnny comes to the realization that he doesn't want to die because there are so many things he never had the opportunity to experience in life. He realizes that his suicidal wishes were wrong. Johnny is beginning to see how valuable his life really is after he breaks his back.

Another scene that depicts Johnny's newfound awareness and understanding takes place in Chapter 9. When Dally comes to visit, he tells Johnny that they beat the Socs. Johnny says, "Useless...fighting's no good..." (Hinton 148) Johnny understands that fighting does not solve any problems. His mature comment reflects his new perspective on life.