Plants undergo the process of photosynthesis, for which carbon dioxide is a reactant and oxygen is a product. Thus, plants need to obtain carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release the produced oxygen into it. This exchange of gases takes place through pores on the leaves, known as stomata. These pores or openings are situated on the lower side of the leaf skin (known as epidermis) and guarded by two guard cells. The gases are exchanged, with the atmosphere, through the opening and closure of the stomata, throughout the day. At nighttime, when no photosynthesis is taking place, plants take up oxygen from the atmosphere and continue the process of cellular respiration. A side-effect of opening of stomata is the loss of water from plants (through the process known as transpiration).
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