What quotation in the book 'The Chrysalids' by John Wyndham can be used to reinforce the idea of the book suggesting that humanity is not...

Early in the book, David discovers that Sophie has six toes.  During his narration of the encounter, he tells the reader that the commandments have been drilled into his head over and over again.  One of those commands is as follows:  

'Then God created woman, also, and in the same image, but with these differences, according to her nature: her voice should be of higher pitch than man's: she should grow no beard: she should have two breasts ...'

That quote by itself is meaningless in comparison to your question.  What makes that commandment important is David's response to it after seeing Sophie's toes.  The following is his response.  

I knew it all, word for word — and yet the sight of Sophie's six toes stirred nothing in my memory. I saw the foot resting in her mother's lap. Watched her mother pause to look down at it for a still moment, lift it, bend to kiss it gently, and then look up with tears in her eyes. I felt sorry for her distress, and for Sophie, and for the hurt foot — but nothing more.

According to Waknuk society and custom, David should be mortified by the sight of Sophie.  He should be sick to his stomach and be running to report the abomination that Sophie supposedly is, but he doesn't do that.  Not even close.  The commandment simply doesn't matter to David.  Instead David's response shows that he views Sophie as a completely normal human being. He doesn't see her as more or less capable than the next person.  He sees Sophie for who she is regardless of her appearance.  

A bit later, in chapter 6, the reader finds this quote:

But what worried them most — and worried the people they talked to when they got back — was to see how the things which are against God's laws of nature flourish there, just as if they had a right to.

The narration describes what the world is like out in the Badlands and the Fringes.  Waknuk society banishes and gets rid of anything that is genetically abnormal.  They claim that the genetic variation is no good for life, but the above quote clearly shows that thinking is flawed.  Things that are not supposed to be living well are doing just the opposite of that.  They are not only living, but flourishing.  That includes the Fringes people as well.  The Fringes are considered less than human by the Waknuk, but it's clear that the Fringes are quite capable humans despite their genetic variations.  

How does the Monster in Frankenstein relate to Satan?

Frankenstein's monster relates to Milton's Satan specifically. In chapter 15, the monster learns to read by finding books at the DeLacy's home. He takes several books, but says that "Paradise Lost excited different and far deeper emotions" than the others did. The Romantics, specifically Lord Byron, interpreted Milton's Satan as the hero of Paradise Lost because he fit the Romantic ideal of "courage, and majesty, and firm and patient opposition to omnipotent force," (Percy Shelley, Preface to Prometheus Unbound). When looking at Paradise Lost, the creature says that "Many times I considered Satan as the fitter emblem of my condition" than Adam. It's true that in Milton, Satan's character has all the best speeches; however, Satan was not really the hero in Milton's eyes since Milton held strong Christian beliefs. Making Satan appealing served Milton in showing how sin and evil can be tempting and appealing to our own sinful nature as humans. One of the key marks of Milton's Satan is his ability to speak beautifully, which is perhaps the quality which the monster learns the best. From that point on, the monster's language is complex and beautiful. Because the monster sees himself more in Satan than in Adam, he emulates the way Satan speaks and carries himself from that point onward. 

The monster's—and the Romantics' by extension—incorrect reading of Milton displays one of Mary Shelley's overwhelming points across the entire novel: learning must be guided. That theme is shown from the very beginning with Victor's creating in isolation and dabbling in alchemy without the supervision and guidance of a teacher. 

Why did King Henry VIII have a significant impact on English religion?

Henry VIII formed his own church, and proclaimed it the state religion of England.

Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 until 1547. His first wife, Catherine of Aragon, had been married to Henry's brother, Arthur. At the time, special consent of the Roman Catholic church was needed and obtained so that Catherine could marry Henry. They were married for over twenty years, and had one surviving child, Mary. Henry reportedly had various mistresses, including Mary Boleyn. Henry wanted Mary Boleyn's sister Anne as another mistress, but she refused. Henry petitioned the Pope for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine on the grounds she had been married before. He was refused, despite repeated requests and threats. Henry then proclaimed himself head of the church in England and turned England towards Protestantism. The new church had a lot of similarities to the Roman Catholic church, but various differences exist--fewer sacraments, for example. But the newly formed church allowed Henry to divorce Catherine and marry Anne. They had one child, Queen Elizabeth I. Henry had Anne beheaded in 1536.

What type of phase of matter is fire?

A fire does not exist as a phase of matter. Fire is a visible chemical reaction of gases and sometimes plasmas. The reason that fires look like they are matter is that we see a large amount of reactions occurring at the same time in as a result of the flow of gasses or plasmas involved. The reaction can only take place on the surface of the gas or plasma, so as the gases rise, the point of the reaction rises, giving flames their shape and the appearance of being matter. Without energy from other matter being added to the reaction, the reaction ends and the fire "dies."

When a fire is lit or appears to spread, it is not that the fire is a physical being growing on its own, but rather the heat or other products of the initial reaction serve as a catalyst for further reactions and/or enable a solid to turn into a suitable reactive state. 

What do you think was Sinclair's purpose for writing this piece?

Upton Sinclair was a socialist who wrote The Jungle to raise sympathy for the plight of workers being exploited by the capitalist system in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, with a focus on immigrants. It is a type of art called polemic, that is meant to sway people emotionally.

The novel arose out of a specific event, the 1904 meat-packer union's strike, which was broken by the "big four" meat-packing companies. The novel was initially serialized in a periodical called Appeal to Reason, and was rejected by major publishers who found it too shocking and depressing to want to print. Sinclair published it himself and dedicated it to the working classes. He hoped, like many reformers of that time period (though he understood himself primarily as a novelist), to inspire the public at large to support worker protections that have become commonplace since , such as minimum wage and unemployment insurance, as well as to inspire the public to support unions. In the novel, just about every horror befalls the poor immigrants who are struggling to get ahead in this country: they sign a contract for a house in pursuit of the American Dream only to be foreclosed on because they didn't understand the fine print or the way the contract was weighted against them, they lose jobs, almost freeze when they can't afford fuel in the winter, get sick and are forced into prostitution.  

But as others have noted, the horrors suffered by the workers paled against people's fears that they might be eating tainted meat. The novel may not have helped the cause of workers' rights but it did inspire legislation to regulate and inspect the meat-packing industry. 

How many days does the young Scrooge get to spend with his father and sister before he has to start work?

In Stave 2 of A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past. Together, they return to Scrooge's school days, specifically to a visit from his sister, Fanny. She has come to collect Scrooge for the Christmas holidays but does not state exactly how many days this will be: "We're to be together all the Christmas long, and have the merriest time in all the world."

This reference may refer to the period know as the Twelve Days of Christmas which begins on Christmas Day, December 25, and ends on Epiphany, January 6. The Victorians honoured the Twelve Days of Christmas and counted each day, until Epiphany, as part of the festive season. 

For Scrooge, the return to his family was marked by great excitement and joy but is significant as his last term at school. From January 6, he would be apprenticed to Mr. Fezziwig when his transition to adulthood (and miserliness) begins. 

Why are the spirits among the Jews of Sighet relatively high at the beginning of Night?

Elie Wiesel's Night paints a harrowing picture of the Holocaust's effect on a young man. Yet at the beginning of the novel, all is well in Elie's life despite the war taking place all around him. He and the other Jewish residents of Sighet have high spirits at the beginning of the memoir.

The first reason has to do Sighet being located in Hungary. Until mid-1944, Hungarian Jews were not deported to German concentration camps. Elie and his family, listening to foreign radio stations, feel overjoyed at the progress the U.S. and U.S.S.R. are making against Nazi Germany. They are hopeful that the war will be over before Hitler can do anything to them.

The second reason is that Elie, along with the majority of Jewish people in Sighet, do not believe the rumors of the Holocaust. Even the horrific story told by Moishe the Beadle doesn't change their minds. They brush off his ramblings as madness. For them, it is impossible that such a genocide could occur in the 20th century.

Why is Mexico not a pure market economy?

Mexico is not a pure market economy because there is no country in the world that is a pure market economy.  In a pure market economy, the government would not be involved at all in deciding the three fundamental economic questions (what is produced, how it is produced, and for whom it is produced).  This would bring about results that would be hard to imagine in a modern country.  For example, the government would not pay people to build and maintain roads.  Instead, private companies would do this, charging people to use the roads and making money that way.  The government would not ban things like drug dealing or prostitution.  Instead, the market would determine what goods and services would be created and sold.  Essentially no country would accept such things, meaning that no country has a pure market economy.

What are some specific ways in which Mexico’s economy falls short of being a pure market economy?  Let us look at two such ways.  First, Mexico’s government provides schools for its children.  This means that the government decides that education will be produced and it decides how this will happen and who will receive the education.  This is not how a pure market economy works.  Second, the oil industry in Mexico is dominated by Pemex, a company that is owned by the Mexican government.  In a pure market economy, the oil industry would consist of private companies.  Thus, Mexico is not a pure market economies in ways (like public schools) that are common to practically all countries and also in ways (like Pemex) that make Mexico less of a market economy than countries like the United States.

What is unique about the party in Chapter V of The Great Gatsby?

This social gathering isn't so much a party as it is a reunion between Gatsby and Daisy, disguised as an invitation from Nick, her cousin, to tea. Gatsby has asked Jordan to ask Nick to invite Daisy over for tea, and so he has. Daisy is supposed to arrive, alone, at four o'clock, and—at two minutes to four—Gatsby panics that she's not coming. When she does, and Nick lets her in, they return to his living room, where he finds that Gatsby has vanished. Gatsby then knocks, and "glar[es] tragically into [his] eyes" from the front door. He attempts to appear nonchalant, an attempt which fails miserably and nearly results in the breaking of Nick's clock.

It is odd that, even though Gatsby wanted this meeting with Daisy, he begins to feel that it is a "'terrible mistake'" because it is awkward. Nick forces Gatsby to return to the room while he waits outside in the rain, and when Nick comes back in, Daisy's face is stained with tears and Gatsby "literally glowed," just like the sun that has managed to come out despite the awful rain earlier. They seem to have established that they each still love the other. The three of them then, awkwardly, go to Gatsby's house because he wants to show it off to Daisy but seems not to want to be alone with her yet.

How would you describe Hera's positive and negative character traits in Homer's Iliad?

Hera in Homer's Iliad is the Queen of the gods, and the wife of her brother Zeus who is the King of the Gods. She is the goddess of marriage and childbirth, and thus opposes the Trojans because, inter alia, the Trojan side of the war was supporting Paris and Helen, who were involved in an adulterous relationship based on Paris' having abducted Helen, wife of Menelaus. A further issue here is that Zeus is a serial philanderer and Helen is one of his illegitimate children by a mortal woman Leda whom he seduced by taking the form of a swan. 

Hera's most admirable characteristics are that she is strong-willed and intelligent, able to devise cunning stratagems to outwit her husband. Although some people might see her feuds with her husband as a negative element in her character, given that he raped her to force her into marriage and later tortured her when she led a rebellion against him, as well as routinely committing adultery with both mortal and immortal men and women, I see her struggles against him as evidence of strength of character.

While Hera can be petty and vindictive in her treatment of other women who attract Zeus' roving eye, she is a strong supporter of legitimate marriage and of the Greek cause. Hera's scheme to seduce Zeus as a way to distract him is quite clever, and she shows herself wise in the counsel and aid she gives to Achilles and in her alliances with Athena and Aphrodite.

On the negative side, her interference serves to prolong the Trojan was and she shows herself as quite vindictive and duplicitous. 

What does Cherry throw into Dally's face in The Outsiders?

In Chapter of 2 of the novel The Outsiders, Dally gives Cherry a Coke, and she throws it back in his face. When Dally first snuck into the drive-in, he spotted Cherry and her friend Marcia sitting by themselves. He sat down behind them and began making inappropriate comments loud enough to annoy the two girls. Ponyboy mentions that Dally can talk awfully dirty when he wants to. When the girls pretend not to hear Dally, he kicks his feet up on the back of Cherry's seat and continues to curse loudly. After Dally says, "Who's gonna make out with me?" the girls recognize him from the rodeo and ask Dally to leave them alone (Hinton 21). Dally laughs and offers to buy the girls a Coke. Cherry tells him she'll never drink a Coke from him, even if she was starving in the desert. After Dally leaves, Cherry and Ponyboy enjoy a pleasant conversation. When Dally returns with two Cokes, he gives them to the girls and says, "This might cool you off" (Hinton 24). Cherry then throws her Coke back in his face, while Marcia holds onto to hers. 

What is the difference between volcanoes and vents?

A volcano is a geologic formation from which molten rocks (lava) and hot gases emerge onto the surface of the planet. Typically a volcano is a mountain from which molten material is emitted. It can also be a simple fissure in Earth's surface, which will over time develop as a mound or mountain (after lava cools down and deposits). A volcano is connected to the magma chamber under the surface of Earth. This chamber has molten rocks which flow out from the volcano. The actual outflow of the lava takes place from one or more openings, known as the vents. There is usually a primary vent and many smaller vents. Lava emerges from the vents and flows outwards. Over time it cools down and deposits, forming other parts of the volcano.

Hope this helps.

What caused the social collapse in Lord of the Flies?

William Golding's Lord of the Flies is a novel that shows what would happen if innocent children were left on their own in an idyllic environment. Those who believe in the innate goodness of mankind, who claim that crime and atrocities are the result of an environment of poverty or abuse, would expect that such children could form a Utopian society for themselves. Instead, Golding shows that they create a society that rapidly deteriorates into mayhem and murder.

Of all the boys on the island, only three--Ralph, Piggy, and Simon--have a sufficiently strong moral compass within them to resist savagery. Even then, Ralph and Piggy are involved and feel the thrill of the sensual "dance" that results in Simon's murder. Although they quickly try to rewrite history to say that they weren't there, their internal resources of self-discipline and intelligence were not enough to override the drive of their lower passions. In a mock pig-killing ceremony directed at Robert, even Ralph finds that "the desire to squeeze and hurt was over-mastering."

Piggy and Ralph talk about why things break up, and they come to the conclusion that it is because of Jack. However, Simon is the only one who really understands. As early as Chapter 5, when the boys are discussing their fears of the beast, Simon says, "What I mean is ... maybe it's only us." Then, in his conversation with the Lord of the Flies, Simon gets the full revelation: "You knew, didn't you? I'm part of you? Close, close, close! I'm the reason why it's no go? Why things are what they are?"

The pig's head on a stick is the personification of the depths of darkness that lie within each person. The social collapse that happens on the island is only the outward manifestation of the moral collapse that exists inside each individual boy on the island, just as it exists in each human being. 

In the book The Catcher in the Rye, does Holden annihilate others, or do they annihilate him?

Annihilation, meaning to completely destroy, in the case of The Catcher in the Rye is a bit strong as Holden is not annihilated by others nor does he annihilate anyone else.  But if the nature of this question has to do with destruction or harm, then others appear to do more harm to Holden than he does to others.  Holden's depression leaves him in a vulnerable state, so the words and actions of others leave a mark on him.  For example, early in the novel, Holden goes to see Mr. Spencer to say goodbye before he leaves Pencey.  While there, Mr. Spencer confronts him about his failure in school.  Mr. Spencer knows that Holden is a bright young man, but that for some reason he is not applying himself.  When Mr. Spencer confronts Holden, Holden pretends that he does not really care, but he is upset that he has disappointed Mr. Spencer.  Mr. Spencer is disappointed in Holden, but the exchange arguably does more harm to Holden.  After leaving Pencey, Holden is forced to confront his failure and figure out how to approach his family with the news.  So the words and actions of others have more of an effect on Holden than Holden's actions have on others.

I need to select three characters from Homer's Iliad, including one god or goddess, one Greek, and one Trojan, and describe their relationships to...

Three important characters in Homer's Iliad are:

Odysseus: He is a human hero, who is the King of Ithaca. He fights on the Greek side in the Trojan war and is known for his cleverness, and devising many of the stratagems that led to Achilles return to the battle and the eventual Greek victory. Although he is a strong and competent warrior, he often prefers clever solutions to direct confrontation and can be unscrupulous. He is the great-grandson of Hermes, the god of messengers and thieves. 

Athena: She is the goddess of wisdom. She is a virgin goddess who was born from the head of Zeus and is a goddess of war and the craft of weaving. She is also the patron goddess of Odysseus, counseling and protecting him, and supports the Greeks in the war. 

Paris: A Trojan and son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba, Paris is one of the causes of the war. When he was called upon to judge a beauty contest among the three goddesses, Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite, he chose Aphrodite, who bribed him with the reward of Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world. It was Paris' abduction of Helen that started the war. Athena supports the Greeks in part because she was offended by the choice of Paris. Paris is described by fellow-Trojan Hector as a dishonorable character:

"Paris, you handsome, woman-mad deceiver,

you shouldn't have been born, or killed unmarried....

[you] have no strength, nor character, nor courage."

Is Hamlet a noble hero?

If by a noble hero, we mean a warrior hero in the mold of Greek and Roman epics, then, no, Hamlet is not that kind of hero. Laertes fulfills that role, rushing heedlessly to fulfill the warrior code that demands a son avenge his father's death without a second thought. Hamlet, however, may stand tall as the first modern hero.

Hamlet has long been noted by critics for his interiority, meaning that he reflects on and thinks long and hard about the implications of his father's death and about avenging it. He asks thoughtful and serious questions in his long soliloquies. He wonders if the ghost of his father really is his father or a trick played on him by the devil. He wishes he didn't have to kill his uncle. He has self-doubts, just as a modern person would. He toys with the idea of suicide in a world that seems to him to be wholly corrupt. He takes the time to try to confirm that the ghost is telling the truth rather than just mercilessly slaughtering a man who might be innocent. This is a modern, rather than "heroic" or "noble" mindset.

Critics have often condemned Hamlet as "indecisive." Why doesn't he simply kill Claudius and be done with it? But as Rene Girard notes in his book A Theater of Envy, Hamlet behaves reasonably and even heroically in rejecting a culture of mindless revenge based on the "warrior" or "noble" hero. As  Girard puts it:

Should our enormous critical literature on Hamlet someday fall into the hands of people otherwise ignorant of our mores, they could not fail to conclude that our academic tribe must have been a savage breed, indeed. After four centuries of controversies, Hamlet’s temporary reluctance to commit murder still looks so outlandish to us that more and more books are being written in an unsuccessful effort to solve the mystery. The only  way to account for this curious body of literature is to suppose that back in the 20th century no more was needed than the request of some ghost, and the average professor of literature would massacre his entire household without batting an eyelash.

We can admire Hamlet for being a new kind of hero.

Who was the speaker of "Ex-Basketball Player"?

There is no way to know for sure who the speaker of "Ex-Basketball Player" is. The narrator never explains who he or she is. All that the reader knows for sure is that the speaker of the poem was somebody that was able to watch Flick Webb play high school basketball.  

I saw him rack up thirty-eight or forty

In one home game. 

More than likely, the poem's speaker is a resident of the town where Flick plays. I think that because the speaker seems very familiar with the names of the streets and businesses that surround Flick Webb's current place of employment.  

Pearl Avenue runs past the high-school lot,

Bends with the trolley tracks, and stops, cut off

Before it has a chance to go two blocks,

At Colonel McComsky Plaza. 

Not only is the speaker familiar with the street names though, the speaker is familiar with Flick's current habits of bouncing inner tubes and going next door for a smoke at Mae's place. Those things all tell me that the speaker frequently sees Flick. That is most likely a town resident.  

I also believe that the speaker is a native of the town, because he/she was able to see Flick play the home game where he racked up 40 points.  The line makes it sound like that wasn't the only game the speaker was able to see.  The speaker is just choosing to use that particular game to illustrate how good Flick was.  It would be easiest for the poem's speaker to attend multiple home games, if he/she were a town resident. 

What relevance does Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451 have for people today?

Ray Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 was written in the early 1950s--just a few years after the world experienced the horrifying atrocities of World War II. Not only did Hitler kill millions of people, but he authorized and required massive book burnings to censor anything that disagreed with his racist philosophy. Even though the political atmosphere is different, and the technology imagined in the novel seems limited compared to what we actually have today, the message of the novel still rings true.

One relevant message of the story shows that society can become so lazy and distracted that the most important elements of an abundant life can be lost. There are two major issues happening in the book. First, the law of the land prohibits the spread of ideas through any type of literature; so, they publicly burn the homes and books of the people who own them. The second problem is that people get so wrapped up in their technology and entertainment that they don't realize they are missing some valuable aspects of life, such as connecting with other people. 

One of the best parts of the book is when Faber and Montag are discussing technology and entertainment. Montag's wife has three TVs set up in their parlor and she zones out each night by listening to the radio during bedtime. (They are not unlike our huge TV screens and earbuds of today--only we also have game systems and mobile devices to distract us from our relationships.) Montag explains the problem as follows:

"Nobody listens any more. I can't talk to the walls because they're yelling at me. I can't talk to my wife; she listens to the walls. I just want someone to hear what I have to say. And maybe if I talk long enough, it'll make sense. . . We have everything we need to be happy, but we aren't happy. Something's missing. I looked around. The only thing I positively knew was gone was the books I'd burned in ten or twelve years. So I thought books might help" (82).

This passage perfectly explains our world today, so yes, the story is still relevant. Later, the argument surfaces that people didn't pay attention to books when they had them anyway, so whether or not the government burned books was almost a non-topic. If we don't absorb and discuss the deeper issues found in books and other media, we may lose them and become so passive in life that we won't live full lives. We may miss out on the best parts of life, in fact. 

How does the title of the story "Kath and Mouse" by Janet McNaughton foreshadow what will happen in the story?

The title of this story, “Kath and Mouse,” is a play on the phrase cat and mouse.  If someone is playing cat and mouse, he or she is using strategic moves to toy with an opponent, like a cat playing with a mouse before killing it.  Here the title is foreshadowing the relationship between Kath and Helen, whom Kath calls Mouse because of her appearance.  Kath is mean and manipulative, taking any opportunity to humiliate Helen.  Kevin, Kath’s twin, even compares Helen to “a mouse I’d had to take away from our cat once, wounded.”  Kath wounded Helen that first day at the lunch table, and refused to let her go from that moment on.

Helen plays her own sort of inadvertent, sneaky offense in this game as well, and uses her friendship with Kevin to her advantage.  She decides to sing at the talent show, and asks Kevin to accompany her on piano, such that when Kath decides she also wants to sing at the talent show, she must fend for herself, without her brother to help her out.  The result is humbling for Kath and affirming for Helen, and with the latter’s display of strength, the game is finally over – Helen no longer a mouse, Kath no longer a predator.

Why did Pumpkin want to desert the army and not be British anymore in Johnny Tremain?

In the book Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes, Pumpkin illustrates a unique viewpoint during the time period before the Revolutionary War. In the story, Pumpkin is a British soldier who wants to leave the British army. Although Pumpkin’s character does not play a main role in the book, his motivations provide interesting insight.

When Pumpkin first explains that he does not want to be a British soldier anymore, a unique perspective is revealed. Pumpkin divulges that some of the British troops desire freedom from British rule. Pumpkin states:

“Boy, I like it here. I want to live here forever. A farm of my own. Cows. Poor folk can’t get things like that over in England.”

Consequently, Pumpkin illustrates that he desires freedom and farmland. As Pumpkin reveals, lower-class individuals in England could not acquire such items on their own (during this time period). However, in the colonies, people had the freedom and ability to achieve their own dreams through hard work and determination.

From Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, where is racism addressed through the characters of Atticus Finch, Bob Ewell, and Tom Robinson?

After the Tom Robinson trial, Atticus and Jem are discussing the laws surrounding rape. Jem wonders why a verdict of death was appropriate for the crime. Atticus explains the racism surrounding the trial was wrong, not the law. Atticus explicitly says the following:

"Tom Robinson's a colored man, Jem. No jury in this part of the world's going to say, 'We think you're guilty, but not very,' on a charge like that. It was either a straight acquittal or nothing" (219).

In the above passage, Atticus recognizes the prejudice that plagues the South and that there was no partial sentencing for Tom Robinson simply because he was black. Atticus also says later that capital punishment is an appropriate sentencing for rape as long as there are a couple of witnesses and proof that the crime was committed; but for Tom, that didn't happen and they still sentenced him to death.

Another example of racism is shown through the character Bob Ewell. Just the fact that Bob knew he could press charges on a black man and win the case because he is white proves he is racist. He even expected all of the white people in the community to support his side of the case even though he is the trashiest person in the county. When Atticus takes Tom's side seriously, and then makes Bob Ewell look like the liar he is, Bob seeks revenge. Bob also represents racist people like himself when he spits in Atticus's face and says the following:"Too proud to fight, you nigger-lovin' bastard" (217). Only racist people would say such insulting things like Bob Ewell does.

Finally, Tom Robinson is the victim of racism, but he is brave enough to take the witness stand and speak out against it by way of testimony. During cross examination with Mr. Gilmer, Tom is asked if Mr. Ewell ran him off of his property. Tom says Ewell didn't run him off because he got out of there as quickly as possible. Mr. Gilmer asks if Tom had a clear conscience, then why run away? Tom exposes the racism that blacks in the South face by saying, "Like I says before, it weren't safe for any nigger to be in a--fix like that" (198). Tom knows that when it comes down to a situation between different races in the South, white always wins, so he ran. Tom runs again, too, when he is sent to prison. He runs for the fence and gets shot because, as Atticus surmises, he must have tried the justice system and finally decided to take his fate into his own hands. 

In The Call of the Wild, what happens to Buck after he leaves Judge Miller's home?

A lot happens to Buck after he leaves Judge Miller's house.  I want to make it clear though that Buck did not leave the Miller house by his own choice.  Buck loved the Miller family and they loved him.  Unfortunately the gardener, Manuel, does not love Buck that much and has a gambling debt.  Manual "dognaps" Buck and sells him.  From there Buck is transported in a cage to an unknown destination via train.  

Eventually Buck is let out of his prison by a man in a red sweater . . . and a club. 

A stout man, with a red sweater that sagged generously at the neck, came out and signed the book for the driver. That was the man, Buck divined, the next tormentor, and he hurled himself savagely against the bars. The man smiled grimly, and brought a hatchet and a club.

The man in the red sweater calmly used the hatchet to free Buck from his cage, and he then picked up the club.  Enraged at having been mistreated for days, Buck attacked the man in the red sweater.  Each time that Buck attacked, the man defended himself and hit Buck with the club.  

A dozen times he charged, and as often the club broke the charge and smashed him down.

Buck continued to charge and attack until he was beaten senseless.  The encounter with the man in the red sweater was Buck's introduction to the "primitive law" that will become important through the rest of the novel.  The law is "might makes right."  As long as that man held the club, he held the power.  

He was beaten (he knew that); but he was not broken. He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his after life he never forgot it. That club was a revelation. It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway.

The next thing that happened to Buck was waiting.  Buck saw other dogs come and go as they were bought and sold by the man in the red sweater.  Eventually a man named Perrault buys Buck, places him on a ship, and takes Buck north where he encounters snow for the first time.  That will end chapter one.  

At the first step upon the cold surface, Buck’s feet sank into a white mushy something very like mud. He sprang back with a snort. More of this white stuff was falling through the air. He shook himself, but more of it fell upon him. He sniffed it curiously, then licked some up on his tongue. It bit like fire, and the next instant was gone. This puzzled him. He tried it again, with the same result. The onlookers laughed uproariously, and he felt ashamed, he knew not why, for it was his first snow.

How is the theme of self-awareness shown in the poem "Caged Bird" by Maya Angelou?

The theme of self-awareness is shown in the poem "Caged Bird" by Maya Angelou in that the poet highlights how this bird has a rage within itself. This rage is because this caged bird senses it is missing out on a freedom that other birds and living creatures know. This bird “…stalks down his narrow cage.”  This “stalking” alludes to the fact that the bird is prowling for release from his restricted way of life.

This bird is self-aware that it is living in an unnatural environment. To this caged bird the bars of the cage are “bars of rage.” In addition, self-awareness is conveyed by the fact that this bird makes a bold effort to sing. Because its wings and feet are restricted (due to clipping and tying), its only recourse to let anyone know of its desire to be free is to sing.

The bird sings to let anyone who will listen know that it is straining for freedom. Self-awareness here (the bird understanding its plight) is shown by the fact that the bird longs for something that is unknown. It desires this unknown that is out there because it senses that the unknown is better than being caged and, in essence, a slave to its man-made environment, where it cannot spread its wings and soar.

The reader can extend this feeling of being ‘caged in’ to the human condition as well. Many people feel trapped in their respective life situations. They long to be free of poverty, sickness, addictions, dead-end jobs, bad relationships, destructive behavior and more. Every day, many people are crying out, through their words and actions, for some kind of release from their burdensome stations in life, where they feel caged and unable to realize their dreams. They are self-aware, as this bird is, that there is a better way of life that must be fought for, even though this better way of living can be elusive.

Why did the Giver show the release to Jonas?

The Giver has been gradually giving Jonas all of his memories, and he has taken note of how Jonas has responded, with his questioning and his critical response to the ways and rules of the community.  And as old and tired and nearly hopeless as he seems to be, he sees something in Jonas that makes him believe there could be a change.  So the Giver shows Jonas the release of the infant in the hope that Jonas, being shown the full horror of the community's ways, will help effect a change. 

What the Giver has been hoping for becomes clear after Jonas sees the release.  Jonas is distraught and in complete rebellion against the idea now that he understands what release is—people are being deliberately put to death, underweight infants, the unproductive elderly, stray pilots, and probably others who have disobeyed the rules. This understanding is the final straw. The ordinarily obedient Jonas refuses to return to his parents. He understands that people have given up feelings, color, sunshine, sexual desire, and now, even their lives to ensure safety and prosperity. His father is a murderer, and everyone is compliant in the release process.  

The Giver arranges for Jonas to stay with him and not return home. They talk and eat, until Jonas calms down a bit. The Giver explains that he has learned from Jonas, too, and he says,

...having you here with me over the past year has made me realize that things must change. For years I've felt that they should, but it seemed so hopeless (154-55).

The Giver has come to the conclusion that sending Jonas off with some of the memories will enable him to function Elsewhere and perhaps be able to save the community from itself, its dreadful sameness, security, and unfeelingness.  He understood that sharing the release with Jonas would be the means of horrifying Jonas enough to be motivated to leave.  To some degree, it's fair to say that he manipulates Jonas, but for the greater good of Jonas and the community. 

The entire book is directed to this moment, when Jonas' intelligence and now his knowledge make the Giver understand that he is the hope of the community.  If the Giver had simply transmitted memories without showing Jonas this final horror, Jonas would probably have become the Giver, and things would have gone on as before.  It is the Giver's manipulation that allows this dystopian novel to end on a note of hope. 

Where are the "Kaatskill" Mountains?

The name "Kaatskill Mountains" is simply another name for the Catskill Mountains, also known as the Catskills. This large mountain range lies in the middle Hudson Valley region of New York State. The mountains take up a fairly large land mass that spans five counties, about forty miles south of Albany, on the west side of the Hudson River, and extend to about a hundred miles above New York City. The town of Sleepy Hollow, where Washington Irving's short story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is set, is in the northernmost part of the mountain range near the ski resort town of Hunter, NY.

This older name is still in use in the region, for example, the Kaatskill Mountain Club is an exclusive winter resort for sports like skiing. 

The area was settled by Dutch explorers, and the name "Catskill" is Dutch and means "Cat's Creek." It may be named for the large predator species of cats that once roamed the region but whose populations have declined in recent years.

Use matricies to solve the system of equations (if possible). Use Gauss-Jordan elimination.

Given ,

A = 

and B =  

so the augmented matrix is

[A B]= 

step 1. Divide row 1 by -2

Step 2: Subtract row 1 from row 2

 

Step 3: Divide row 2 by 5

Step 4: Subtract (-3 × row 2) from row 1

so the

values of x , y are x= -1 y = -4

How do the characters, setting, and plot interact in chapter 17 of Lyddie?

The action of this chapter takes place at the boarding house and at the Concord Corporation factory, and the characters who speak are Lyddie, Rachel, Mrs. Bedlow, Diana, and Brigid. As this chapter begins, Lyddie has just come out of a very serious illness, and she needs to remain in bed for another two weeks recovering. One problem Lyddie needed to solve before she got sick was to find a place for Rachel to live. In this chapter, Rachel lets Lyddie know that she wants to be a doffer at the factory, so Lyddie asks Mrs. Bedlow to intervene. Rachel gets hired, which means she can continue to live at the boarding house with Lyddie. This seems like the perfect solution until Rachel begins to develop a cough, which reminds Lyddie of Betsy's illness that became so severe. Lyddie worries about whether Rachel's health will suffer if she remains at the factory and boarding house. 

Lyddie recovers enough to go back to work at the factory, but she is worried about facing Mr. Marsden. As she was coming down with the fever, she had stomped on his foot when he made an unwelcome advance on her. She discusses the situation with Diana, who first laughs about it, but then predicts that Mr. Marsden might be happy to find any excuse in the future to fire her, which foreshadows Lyddie's dismissal. Returning to work, Lyddie is relieved that Mr. Marsden acts as if nothing has happened. Lyddie is happy to see Brigid again, who has been running her looms for her. Lyddie notices how beautiful Brigid looks; this foreshadows Mr. Marsden's attempt to take advantage of Brigid in a later chapter.

What is interesting about the physical contrast of Mrs. Jones and Roger in the story "Thank you Ma'am"?

It is interesting that Mrs. Jones is physically larger and stronger than Roger because she "turns the tables" on Roger and because she is also figuratively a bigger person, being morally stronger.

"Thank you, M'am" by Langston Hughes is a delightful story because of the edifying ending, but also because of its humor. For, the reader can just picture little Roger tipping over as he tries to hang on to Mrs. Jones's purse. And, then Mrs. Jones literally attacks him:

...the large woman simply turned around and kicked him right square in his blue-jeaned sitter. Then she reached down, picked the boy up by his shirt front, and shook him until his teeth rattled.

Roger certainly has to be humiliated by being so helpless at the hands of a woman he must have believed an easy target just moments before. So, Mrs. Jones gets "the upper hand" on Roger both physically and psychologically. But, after winning the physical struggle with Roger, she proves to be a very compassionate and charitable person. Exhibiting motherly traits, Mrs. Jones asks Roger, "Ain’t you got nobody home to tell you to wash your face?” When Roger responds in the negative, she replies, "Then it will get washed this evening" and takes him to her rented room where he can wash his face while she prepares a meal for them to share.

Roger is so moved by her goodness that he comes to desire her trust in him; moreover, when she gives him her hard-earned ten dollars so that he can buy the shoes he desires, he is so touched by her charity and love that all he can say is "Thank you."

Evaluate the integral

If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, then

If we write f(x)=u and g'(x)=v, then

Using the above method of integration by parts,

Now evaluate using the method of substitution,

Substitute 

 

substitute back 

adding constant C to the solution,

Give one example of imperialism in Asia.

There are several examples of imperialism in Asia. One example is the French taking control in Indochina. Around 1860, France established control in part of Vietnam. Eventually, that control spread to the rest of Vietnam as well as to Cambodia and to Laos. The French were interested in gaining resources from Indochina. They also knew they would be able to sell French products to their colonies in Indochina. France was competing for power with other European countries that were setting up colonies in Asia. For example, Great Britain had established colonies in Singapore and the part of the Malay Peninsula.

France controlled Indochina before World War II. During World War II, the Japanese took over and controlled Indochina. After the war ended, the people of Indochina had hoped to get their independence. However, France returned and ruled until 1954. In 1954, the Indochinese forces, led by Ho Chi Minh, defeated the French. Indochina, according to the Geneva Accords, would then be divided into four countries. These countries were Laos, Cambodia, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam. There was supposed to be elections held by 1956 to unite the North Vietnam and South Vietnam into one country. When those elections didn’t occur, the Vietnam War began.

The muscular wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right wall because it does what?

The answer has to do with the specific function of the the ventricles and where they are sending the blood to in the body.  In the human body, the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood returning from the body.  This blood goes from the right atrium to the right ventricle.  When the right ventricle contracts, it sends the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, which are relatively close to the heart.  Not as much force is required for this short trip to the lungs, which probably accounts for the thinner ventricular wall on the right side.  The now oxgenated, oxygen-rich blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium.  The left atrium delivers the blood to the left ventricle, which contracts and sends the oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.  This is a much longer trip and requires more force, which results in higher blood pressure in the aorta, the main artery coming out of the left ventricle.  The need for more force to send the blood throughout the rest of the body results in the left side of the heart being more muscular, or thicker.

When you test a cracker for sugar, it does not test positive. However if you chew up the cracker and test it again, it does test positive. What...

A cracker was made with some kind of flour, which contains a carbohydrate known as starch--a polysaccharide. This means that many glucose monomers are joined to form a complex polymer which is in fact, starch. Therefore, once starch is digested by hydrolytic enzymes in the body, it breaks down to the simple monosaccharide glucose.

When you perform the sugar test, you need to add a few drops of the chemical indicator Benedict's solution. This chemical is a deep blue color and will change colors depending on the amount and presence of sugar. You must heat the test--tube for the color change to occur in the presence of sugar. 

If you do not get a positive result for sugar in the food sample, you can try to chew it for a few minutes. The enzyme ptyalin is present in saliva which begins the process of starch digestion. It is an amylase which acts specifically upon starch and hydrolyzes it into maltose and dextrin. That is why bread or a cracker which is on your tongue for a minute or two, begins to taste sweet--maltose is a sugar.

Place the chewed cracker in your test--tube with the chemical indicator and heat it for a minute. If sugar is present, it turns green first, then it turns orange or even brick red if a lot of sugar is present. 

Why do the people of Maycomb dislike the Radleys?

I’m not sure the town of Maycomb dislikes the Radleys as much as they find them a curiosity.  The town does pay it respects to the family by giving their condolences when Mr. and Mrs. Radley die.  Atticus even visits his neighbors to pay his respects when Mrs. Radley dies. The family’s behavior is steeped in mystery and rumors about what goes on in the Radley house. Supposedly, Boo stabs his father with a pair of scissors, sneaks out at night and peeps in windows, and eats cats and squirrels.  Boo has also been “locked up” in the Radley house ever since he was arrested as a teenager for drinking and hanging out with the wrong crowd.  The town sees the Radleys as odd more than anything else because of Boo’s behavior and the mystery surrounding why he has been kept in the house for so long.  The Radleys, in general, are really just a strange family whose behavior fuels legends and rumors for people to speculate about and to entertain their imaginations.

At a mid-ocean ridge there is both a "push" at the ridge and a "pull" from farther away called slab pull. How do these two agents work together at...

The land that is pulled into the mantle along the subduction zone turns into magma as a result of being heated by the Earth’s core. Thus, slab pulls feed the new Earth that is created along the mid-ocean ridge.

Both the mid-ocean ridge and slab pull are the result of convection currents that occur within the mantle below the ocean floor.

Convections currents are a result of temperature and density differences. The inner core of the Earth is extremely hot. The heat from core causes the bottom of the mantle to warm up. As the temperature of particles within the mantle increases, the particles gain kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of movement. Thus, the particles begin to move more and faster. This causes the particles to move away from one another. As a result of the increased distance between the particles, the density of the substance decreases. Thus, the warmed particles at the bottom of the mantle begin to rise. As the particles move away from the heat source of the Earth’s inner core, they lose kinetic energy. As the particles begin to slow down, they contract. Thus, the density of the particles increases and they sink back towards the bottom of the mantle. The rising and falling of the particles due to temperature and density differences continues and creates a cycle that is known as a convection current.

The mid-ocean ridge occurs along a divergent boundary of two tectonic plates. Each side of the mid-ocean ridge resides over a convection cell of the magma within the mantle. The convection cells that are on either side of the divergent boundary move in opposite directions. The tectonic plates are moved apart from one another when the convection cell move upwards after begin warmed by the Earth’s core.  As the plates move apart, the magma from the mantle rises between the crack.  As the magma rises to the surface, it is cooled. In this way, new Earth is formed along the mid-ocean ridge.

Slab pulls occur along the opposite ends of the convection cells that push the tectonic plates of the mid-ocean ridge apart. At this end, the convection cells have cooled and are moving downward. The weight of this denser crust pulls this end of the plate downward into the mantle at what is called the subduction zone.

How is The Hunger Games about "the search for identity"? What points support that theme?

Interesting thesis! Throughout the book The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, numerous identity searches are revealed. This is shown with multiple characters, such as Katniss and Peeta.

Beginning with Katniss, the story illustrates numerous examples of her search for identity. For example, Katniss struggles with her identity as a contestant and as Peeta's romantic partner. This is most clearly seen when the Hunger Games revokes its earlier decision about allowing two competitors from the same district to survive. As Katniss illustrates:

“Before I am even aware of my actions, my bow is loaded with the arrow pointed straight at his heart. Peeta raises his eyebrows and I see the knife has already left his hand on its way to the lake where it splashes in the water. I drop my weapons and take a step back, my face burning in what can only be shame.”

Due to her identity search, Katniss’ actions are confused and contradictory. Consequently, she does not initially know how to respond or act.

Furthermore, Peeta also experiences identity search. As Peeta progresses throughout the story, he expresses his love for Katniss. As a result, he acts like a boyfriend in the Hunger Games. However, once the games are finished, he realizes that Katniss was partially acting for the games. As a result, his identity changes from boyfriend to merely fellow competitor. As Katniss reveals:

“Already the boy with the bread is slipping away from me.”  

Thus, multiple characters experience identity search throughout The Hunger Games. This unique situation causes many individuals to change their identities, regardless of their desires or intentions.

Obamacare is so complex with plenty of issues, pros and cons. I want to talk about conservatives' and the Democrats' most important statements...

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010, popularly known as "ObamaCare" was a major reform to health care in the United States. Before passage of the ACA, the United States was known for having the highest per capita health care spending of the OECD (advanced, developed economies of the world) with distinctly mediocre results. Since the inception of the ACA, the percentage of people without health insurance in the United States has declined from 18 percent to under 12 percent and per capita health care costs have declined slightly, something that is generally good for the economy.

The ACA is also good for the economy because it makes people healthier. If people have insurance, they can afford regular checkups and preventive medicine, making them more productive economically. Children with good health care do better in school and thrive in adulthood when compared with children whose mothers have inadequate prenatal care and to children without access to regular medical care. 

Almost half of bankruptcies in the United States are caused by medical bills. Unlike Canada, Sweden, Australia, or other developed countries where illness is not as financial disruptive, Americans with serious diseases may end up losing their homes or cars and struggling with the sort of debt that makes it much harder to return to a normal productive life after an illness. 

Finally, you can look at the period since 2010. Although the ACA is one small piece of the US economy, the period since its passage has been one of gradual economic recovery. Although one could not claim that the ACA was the cause of that recovery (the recovery was due, among other things, to Obama's economic policies and global economic factors), the fact that the economy did recover since the ACA was passed suggest that its effects have been somewhat helpful and certainly not harmful.

In Lord of the Flies, how does Golding use Simon to depict changes in chronological order in the story? How do these changes help to demonstrate a...

Simon's character is essential to understanding how the society the boys inhabit turns from logical, reasonable, and essentially good to illogical, unreasonable, and overcome by evil.

Initially Simon's character is introduced as the fainting choir boy. His fainting spells make him unique, and he is unlike the other choir boys because he does not blindly follow Jack's leadership. Simon is then chosen as the only other boy to accompany Jack and Ralph to explore the island. This again separates him from the herd. 

As the novel progresses, it is evident that Simon is symbolic of good. When in retaliation Jack denies Piggy meat because he did not hunt, "Simon, sitting between the twins and Piggy, wiped his mouth and shoved his piece of meat over the rocks to Piggy, who grabbed it" (104).  

When the divide between the hunters, led by Jack, and Ralph's group increases, Simon is keenly aware that the island and their isolation is simply a factor, but not the cause of their poor behavior. The boys believe in a "beastie" on the island. The beastie is a source of fear and is an impetus for Jack to hunt and kill. Although Piggy refuses to believe in something so illogical, and Ralph does not want to cause a panic among the littleuns and the remaining older boys, Simon's suggestion is far more frightening. He suggests the beastie, "...maybe it’s only us." Simon senses how the absence of adults symbolizes the systematic loss of rules and order. He also knows that civilization has a tenuous hold on the boys; their true natures will emerge eventually.

When Simon speaks to the pig's head on a stick, it is evident that his presence will not be welcome on the island much longer. The primal nature and inherent evil that resides in the hunters (mainly Roger) is overtaking the logic and reasoning needed to sustain the goodness on the island. The pig's head warns Simon 

“I’m warning you. I’m going to get angry. D’you see? You’re not wanted. Understand? We are going to have fun on this island. Un- derstand? We are going to have fun on this island! So don’t try it on, my poor misguided boy, or else—” (207).

This is the first time the pig's head (a sacrifice for the beast by the "chief" Jack and his hunters) is referred to as the Lord of the Flies. This name is another name for the Devil. Although this dialogue between Simon and the Lord of the Flies may be a hallucination, it symbolizes the stand off between good and evil. By producing a sacrifice for the beast, rather than hunting it, the boys are now worshipping the beast and what it symbolizes. While Simon is still on the island, evil cannot fully envelop the boys. Simon and the good he symbolizes must be removed from the island.

This occurs during the feast on the beach. The hunters lead the other boys (including Ralph and Piggy) in a dance to celebrate the killing of a pig. The boys are lost in the dance, the thunderstorm, and the power they feel as they chant, "Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!" (218). Simultaneously, Simon discovers there is no beast: it is the body of a pilot who died parachuting from his plane. Ironically as Simon returns to the beach to inform the boys that there is no beast, he is mistakenly identified as the beast. He is surrounded by the boys who "tear" into Simon's flesh with their teeth. What begins as a case of mistaken identity and an attack driven by fear, ends as a purposeful attack on Simon. It is evident that they know it was not a beast but a boy they attacked. 

In chapter ten, Ralph and Piggy confirm what the group did the night before. Ralph states, "That was murder" (224). Once Simon is dead and his body floats out to sea, the island is devoid of all good (and hope). As predicted by the Lord of Flies, Simon will not prevent the remaining boys from "having fun." Without good, evil will rule. 

What are the political issues involved in intellectual property? Discuss the different elements of the argument.

First of all, let's talk about how intellectual property differs from other forms of property laws, to see why it is so controversial.

With normal property, you own a specific thing---that car, that book, that bushel of corn. With intellectual property, you own an entire idea---the concept of electromagnetic braking, Harry Potter and the Sorceror's Stone, the Roundup Ready corn strain.

When you own a specific thing, someone else could only have it if they take it away from you. Thus, conventional notions of property make sense.

But when you own an idea, someone can have it while you still have it; they can "take" it without actually taking it. The word "piracy" is actually profoundly bizarre; intellectual property infringement is basically nothing like piracy (as in, actual theft of ships by force), because no one is hurt and nothing is taken from the person who "owns" it.

Intellectual property directly introduces inefficiency into the market, because it effectively creates a monopoly; and as we all know, monopolies raise prices too high and produce too little output. This creates deadweight loss which makes our economy less efficient.

That said, there are reasons to think that intellectual property may be worthwhile. The gains may be worth the cost.

The one that economists care about most is the idea that intellectual property incentivizes innovation; we want people to invent and share new ideas. But since it costs a great deal to come up with a very good idea but it costs very little to copy someone's idea, there's a concern that as soon as you share your new idea, someone else will copy it and sell it for cheap. This would actually be good for everyone else, but bad for you; most economists are actually pretty okay with that outcome. But if you expect that someone is just going to steal it before you can make any money off it, the fear is that you may not bother trying to come up with new ideas in the first place; and that would be very bad indeed. The technological and economic progress of humanity over centuries has been driven largely by the invention of new ideas. We want new ideas as much as possible.

If indeed intellectual property strongly incentivizes innovation, that is a powerful argument in its favor; however, evidence that it does so is actually surprisingly weak. Most innovation seems to happen by accident, or is done by people who are simply curious and interested in creating new things. Some is actively funded by the government, especially for military purposes. While some innovation is spurred by intellectual property, empirical estimates suggest it's actually not very much.

There is also a question of fairness: It's your idea, why shouldn't you be allowed to say how it is used? This makes the most sense for things like books and music, where it's quite clear that nobody else could have created that exact same thing besides you. This is copyright.

But it really seems to break down in the case of patent: How do we know nobody else could have thought of that drug, or that electrical component, or that design of airplane wing flap? Most patents are on small, incremental improvements in existing technologies, and while laws generally require that they not be "obvious", this is a very vague concept and it's actually quite common for people to discover new technologies independently.

Trademark is often considered intellectual property, but it probably shouldn't be, as basically nobody has a problem with it. Trademarks simply say that nobody can claim to be you---they can't produce a different product and say that it came from your company. I can make a cola drink, but I can't call it Coca-Cola. I can write a novel about space battles, but I can't call it Star Wars. We need trademarks, at least to some degree, simply to protect consumers from fraud and allow companies to establish brand reputation.

Another concern is that intellectual property rights keep getting expanded. Terms get extended, whole new categories of ideas get included (such as genes and algorithms). Even if intellectual property makes sense for novels and cars, does it really make sense for genes and algorithms?

What kind of military existed during the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution in the United States began in the early 1800s and ended around 1840.  The next thirty years are categorized as the Second Industrial Revolution, in which steam power revolutionized transportation and machinery.  It was during the Second Industrial Revolution that the Civil War occurred.

The War of 1812, the First Seminole War, and the Second Seminole War all occurred during the time period between 1800 and 1840 (though the Second Seminole War continued on after 1840).  There were smaller wars and battles fought, as well.

At this time in U.S. military history, only three branches were in existence.  The U.S. Army, Navy, and Marine Corps were all officially established within a fifteen year time period in the late 1700s.  These were the only branches of the military during time of the Industrial Revolution.  The time period of the Industrial Revolution was a time of relative peace for the United States.

How did federalism and the constitutional convention solve the problems from the Articles of Confederation?

The system of government created as a result of the Constitutional Convention helped resolve some of the issues we faced while the Articles of Confederation was our plan of government. The main issue under the Articles of Confederation was the federal government didn’t have much power. This was done intentionally because the colonists feared a government with too much power like we had when Britain ruled the colonies. The federal government wasn’t able to tax and couldn’t make people join the military. As a result, we had economic issues, and other countries felt they could push us around.

Under the federal system of government created by the Constitution, both the state governments and the federal government shared some powers. While federal laws were supreme, there were things both governments could do. For example, both governments could levy taxes. This helped the state governments and the federal government to raise money. The federal government could require people to join the military. Both the state governments and the federal governments were able to create courts under the Constitution. This allows for a way to resolve disputes. By giving the government more power, it had the ability to deal with other countries more effectively, to tackle our economic issues, and to provide a place where disputes could be resolved.

At the same time, there were mechanisms put in place to prevent the government from having too much power. Each branch of government had a different job to do as a result of the provision of separation of powers. No branch could do everything by itself. The branches also had the ability to control each other with the system of checks and balances. Government officials could be removed from office through the impeachment process. Thus, as a result of the Constitution, the government got enough power to run our country, and safeguards were put in place to make sure the government and its leaders didn’t become too powerful. By creating this federal system of government, many of the problems the government faced under the Articles of Confederation were reduced or eliminated.

How far will a freely falling object fall from rest in five seconds?

Hello!

I suppose we speak about falling near Earth's surface and that the air resistance is ignored (in practice, it cannot be ignored).

Then the only force acting on a body is the gravity force. It may be considered constant near the surface. By Newton's Second law a constant force gives a body a constant acceleration: a=F/m. Actually this acceleration doesn't dependent on a body's mass and equal to 9.8 It is usually denoted as g.

A constant acceleration makes uniformly increasing speed, V=gt, and a displacement  Here t is a time from the start (in seconds), and the fact that a body starts from rest is already taken into account.

This way, t=5s and  This is the answer.

You are 20 degrees S and 35 degrees E and move to a new location which is 35 degrees N and 65 degrees W. What is your new location?

Imagine a coordinate system (an xy graph) where the positive y axis points North, the negative y axis points South, the positive x axis points East and the negative x axis points West. 

Your initial position is 20 South and 35 East. This is equivalent to the (x,y) point of (35,-20). 

You then move 35 North and 65 West. This is equivalent to moving +35 in the y direction and -65 in the x direction. 

Your new y-coordinate is thus (-20+35)=y=15.

Your new x-coordinate is thus (35-65)=x=-30.

Now we must assign the directions to your coordinate. If we look back at our initial definition of the axes, y greater than zero is North and x less than zero is West. 

So your final position is 15 North and 30 West.

What does the seventh room and its furnishing look like?

One of Poe's most well-known short stories, "The Masque of the Red Death" is an atmospheric tale that owes much of its dramatic impact to the lavish descriptions of the setting in Prince Prospero's castle. The prince invites a number of wealthy guests to an elaborate party and has seven chambers decorated in seven different colors. The windows, walls and furnishings of each room are all one single color, and they are, in order of how guests may explore them, blue, purple, green, orange, white, violet, and black.

The final room, the one with black walls and draperies, has one additional color in its furnishings: blood red. In the other rooms, the windows are all the same color as the walls and furniture. But in the seventh black room, the windows are stained a deep blood red color, and this symbolizes the Red Death, the deadly plague which "waits" just outside the castle walls. The other feature that makes this room different from the other six is that the previous rooms have no candles or lamps for illumination. The seventh room has a brazier of fire that illuminates the blood red windows. Upon entering and seeing this room, the guests are frightened. The color of the firelight reflected from the windows "produced so wild a look upon the countenances of those who entered, that there were few of the company bold enough to set foot within its precincts at all."

Why can't Chillingworth, according to Pearl, nod or smile at her as he would with Hester?

Pearl seems to think, on some level, that Roger Chillingworth is the Devil, whom she calls "the Black Man."  In her childish innocence, she certainly picks up on the truth that Chillingworth is diabolical and that there is some link between him, Reverend Dimmesdale, and her mother, Hester.  

In Chapter 10, Pearl says, 

"Come away, mother! Come away, or yonder old Black Man will catch you! He hath got hold of the minister already. Come away, mother, or he will catch you! But he cannot catch little Pearl!"

With a child's perception (and children are very often able to see things that adults miss), Pearl understands that Reverend Dimmesdale is now at the mercy of Chillingworth; that the Devil, indeed, has captured him. Surely, the fact that Dimmesdale sinned by sleeping with Hester and now sins further by adding deception to his lie of omission (failing to confess), could be read as the Devil having caught him. Now, Chillingworth exploits Dimmesdale's guilt in order to torture Dimmesdale for sleeping with his wife.

Pearl also perceives that the Devil has not caught her mother yet, but she is also aware of Hester's scarlet letter and the fact that Dimmesdale always keeps his hand over his heart. She has linked these two symbols together in her mind: a link which is extremely appropriate because the same initial sin unites them; however, Hester's torment is external, as the letter, and Dimmesdale's is internal, secreted away within him. Hester's public atonement for her sin seems to keep her out of the Devil's clutches, but still connected to him through Dimmesdale.

Pearl, however, is innocent of sin, so there is no way for the Black Man to catch her. She is immune to him in a way that neither her mother nor Dimmesdale can ever be, as long as Dimmesdale's role as Pearl's father remains a secret. Although I could not find a direct reference to Chillingworth's inability to smile or nod at Pearl, it seems very likely that this would be an extension of his lack of ability to control or affect her because he has no knowledge of any sins of her own with which to do so.

What does poetry appreciation mean? How can people appreciate poetry?

Appreciation means to recognize and/or enjoy the good qualities of someone or something.  Poetry appreciation is that attitude about poetry.  

Some people flat out enjoy reading poetry.  There isn't a single reason why people that enjoy reading poetry enjoy poetry.  It could be because they enjoy the rhythm that the poet establishes with the words.  It could be that they enjoy the rhyme.  It could be because they enjoy the vivid imagery that is created in a tighter form than prose offers.  It depends on the poem, and it depends on the reader.  

What I like most about the definition of appreciation is the word "recognize."  You don't have to enjoy poetry in order to appreciate what poets are able to do with words.  Take the Shakespearean sonnet for example.  All of them are 14 lines long.  All of them are written in ABABCDCDEFEFGG rhyme scheme.  All of them are written in iambic pentameter.  You might think that reading poetry is pointless and tedious, but you can't take away the fact that writing a poem that adheres to that rigid structure is amazing.  You don't enjoy reading them, but you recognize and appreciate the skill that went into crafting it.  That's poetry appreciation.  

Why was Saint Paul a saint?

According to Catholicism, Paul is considered one of the most influential apostles. 

Paul -- known throughout his early life as Saul -- was originally one of the most dangerous men to the early Christian church. He was relentless in his efforts at wiping out the followers of Christ, and was present at the stoning of Stephen, another early apostle. (Acts 7:58 & 8:1) He personally hunted, imprisoned, and killed early Christians.

On the road to Damascus, God Himself spoke to Paul -- asking, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute Me?" (Acts 9:4) -- blinding him for three days. In a vision, another man named Ananias was told by God to go to Paul and lead him in his conversion. Obviously Ananias was skeptical, but he obeyed, and Paul became one of the most fervent believers from that time on.

He is best known for his extensive missionary journeys, primarily to the Gentiles (he attempted preaching to the Jews first, but when they rejected his words, he moved on as instructed). He spent his life telling the good news of Jesus' teaching, death, and resurrection, and spending much of his life beaten and imprisoned because of it. (How ironic, right?) 

Although he is one of the most "famous" of the apostles, he himself was hesitant to accept praise, calling himself the "chief among sinners." (1 Timothy 1:15) He knew what Christ had done for him personally, and how he had changed as a result of God's love, and his only mission was to share this new truth as far as he could take it.

Because of his missionary journeys and writings, he is Catholicism's patron saint of missionaries, writers, and tentmakers (his prior profession), among other things, according to catholic.org. His feast day is shared with St. Peter, but he is celebrated on several other days throughout the year for various key moments in his life.

Is Wright using Bigger's dream of flying planes in a symbolic way?

A recurring theme in African American literature is one of flight or escape.  African folk tales often chronicle this flight theme with characters turning into birds to escape their plight.  Flight means freedom, and for the African American who has been enslaved and discriminated against, it is seen as a symbolic theme in their literature. Bigger’s desire to leave his circumstances and to escape is symbolized by the plane he dreams about.

Bigger Thomas has lived a horrible life without opportunity and feels powerless as a black man.  Wright tells us about Bigger’s feelings when he writes,

"Well, they own everything. They choke you off the face of the earth. They like God..." he swallowed, closed his eyes and sighed. "They don’t even let you feel what you want to feel. They after you so hot and hard you can only feel what they doing to you. They kill you before you die." 

The lack of opportunity and the feeling that he can never achieve because of the oppression he feels, Bigger Thomas dreams of escaping where he will have control over his own life.  The plane symbolizes Bigger’s desire to control his own destiny. 

In the short story, Moon Lake by Eudora Welty, what are the literary symbols that my teacher is requesting? I am having trouble picking them out.

Literary symbols are usually objects, events, actions, or even characters which represent deeper ideas within the context of a story.

Literary symbols and examples.

Some symbols in Eudora Welty's Moon Lake:

1)Morgana, Loch, and Moon Lake.

The lake, a symbol in itself, is extremely important in Eudora Welty's works. Water symbolizes both salvation and the presence of treacherous challenges, and this is highlighted in various ways in the short story, Moon Lake. In the Arthurian Legend, Morgana was the goddess of the lake. She was also a shape-shifter, enchantress, and a healer. It is, therefore, no accident that the paying campers in Eudora Welty's story are from a town named Morgana. As paying campers, the high society girls claim precedence in terms of their patronage and on account of their status in society. They are like little 'goddesses' who treat the orphan campers with contempt and disdain. However, like Morgana, they also

Loch is an Irish and Scottish Gaelic word for a fresh-water lake. It is also the name of the lone lifeguard at the camp, Loch Howard. Indeed, in the story, Loch is a presence unto himself and set apart from his girl charges. In fact, he doesn't even want to be there; he's just been roped into guard duty by his mother.

Loch Howard appears to be a symbol for the King of the Wood in Diana's sacred grove. In reference to the name Moon Lake, we know that Diana is the moon and huntress goddess of mythology. Her sacred grove at Lake Nemi is the site for periodic battles to the death; the grove is also a place for redemption. According to the legend, a sacred oak tree grows in Diana's grove. No one may break off any branch of the tree without permission, and only a runaway slave may do so if he is brave enough to attempt it. In breaking off a branch, the slave earns the right to fight the King of the Woods to the death and to earn the title of Rex Nemorensis (King of Lake Nemi Grove) if he emerges as the victor. The spilled blood of the combatants nourish and fertilize the earth in the sacred grove, and the new king holds his position until his sovereignty is challenged by another runaway slave.

Source: Lake Nemi:Diana's Sacred Grove.

In the story, Moon Lake, Loch Howard is the quintessential King of the Woods. He is set apart from the girls not only by his position, but also by his virility and his physical superiority. As with every King of the Wood in Diana's sacred grove, he is a man who eats, sleeps, and walks alone. Loch represents patriarchal power and detached leadership. He becomes a figure of fascination for the girls; they are simultaneously afraid of him and obsessed with his soulful rendition of taps every evening. As with Diana's Lake Nemi grove, the lake at the camp is treacherous; it's full of weeds and cypress roots, and it is a place of conflict. The lake is where the girls who can swim claim superiority over the girls who cannot. As in the Lake Nimi myth, the lake camp at Moon Lake is also the place where Loch Howard has to prove his fitness as lord of the woods and trusted protector.

2)The book, The Re-creation of Brian Kent.

In the story of Brian Kent, we have a protagonist who tries to commit suicide by drowning after he discovers his beloved wife's infidelity. The river, with its treacherous currents and sunken rocks, is both a challenge and a redemptive element in Brian's life. When his wife's life hangs in the balance after an accident in the river, Brian tries to revive her despite their estrangement. In doing so, he both redeems himself and rises above the destructive power of his wife's base hedonism. His wife dies, but Brian succeeds in overcoming the challenges of his past in order to carve a new beginning with Betty Jo by his side.

In Moon Lake, Jinny Love catches Nina reading The Re-creation of Brian Kent. It isn't a book fit for ten year olds, and Nina sheepishly puts it aside. However, the book itself symbolizes the need to transcend the status quo and to overcome the strictures which threaten to circumscribe one's freedom. Thus, both Jinny Love and Nina (paying campers) are fascinated with Easter (the presumed leader of the orphans). Easter represents independence and individuality. She is adventurous, unconventional, and thumbs her nose at traditional norms of conduct for a young lady. In the story, she owns a large jack-knife, which is confiscated when Jinny Love tells on her. Later, the girls are horrified and fascinated by her smoking habit. The book also foreshadows Loch's efforts to save Easter when she experiences a near-drowning, recapitulating Auntie Sue's rescue of Brian Kent in The Re-creation of Brian Kent.

Read about a review of The Re-creation of Brian Kent by Dr. Joyce Kinkead.

What are selective representation and virtual representation?

If you're an optimist, they are alternative ways of approaching representative democracy. If you're a cynic, they are excuses you make for not having representative democracy even though you're supposed to.

virtual representation was a doctrine proposed by the British government, spearheaded by Prime Minister George Grenville in the mid-1700s. It said that despite the fact that the colonies (particularly the colonies we now know as the United States) were in fact "represented" by Parliament, because even though they could not actually vote for members of Parliament and had no actual formal authority to make decisions in the British government, nevertheless Parliament was wise and responsible enough to take the interests of all British citizens into account worldwide.

As you may recall, this line of argument did not convince the US colonists, and led to the American Revolution.

selective representation is when some groups of people are represented more in government than others. In the extreme case, selective representation can mean that whole groups of people are made ineligible to vote; in the US women could not vote before 1920, for example. In other cases, it simply means that some groups are represented disproportionately---most of Congress is comprised of rich White men, despite them being a small fraction of our overall population. It is also possible to use selective representation intentionally, such as requiring a certain number of seats in the legislature be held by members of a particular ethnic group, even if that is not how the vote would have turned out. This disenfranchises some voters, but (it is hoped) for a greater good. In this way, one form of selective representation is used to try to combat another.

In "The Guest," what makes communication between Daru and the prisoner so difficult and subject to misunderstanding?

In "The Guest," there are two reasons why the conversations between Daru and the Arab prisoner are difficult. First of all, there is a language barrier between the two men. Daru speaks French, for example, but the Arab does not, as Balducci makes clear early on. Fortunately, Daru speaks Arabic, the language of the prisoner, but he is not a native speaker and may not be fully proficient.

Secondly, there are considerable cultural differences between the two men because of their different backgrounds. Daru, for instance, was born in Algeria but is a French citizen who works in a school. In contrast, the Arab is a local villager who has no cultural affiliation to France but is subject to her imperial authority. We see evidence of this cultural difference when the two men discuss the Arab's crime. The Arab, for example, is shocked by Daru's openness when he asks if the Arab feels remorse:

"The Arab stared at him openmouthed. Obviously he did not understand."

Why did Dally break laws in The Outsiders?

The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton reflects the harsh reality for the "Greasers," a gang from "the east side of town." Ponyboy, the youngest gang member is the narrator and he is cared for by his eldest brother Darryl (Darry) who is only twenty himself and is quite "hard and firm" with Ponyboy. Ponyboy's other brother Sodapop is "happy-go-lucky and grinning." Dally (Dallas Winston)is one of the gang members, the most dangerous, and "the real character of the gang."

Dally is fiercely loyal and he is very protective of Johnny Cade who he calls "Johnnycakes." When Ponyboy and Johnny get into trouble, it is Dally who helps them. When Johnny dies, Dally can  no longer cope; robbing a grocery store, he sets himself up to be shot dead by police. 

By the age of ten, Dally had already been arrested and he had lived "on the wild side of New York" for three years. He is definitely "tougher, colder, meaner" than any of the other gang members and is well-known by the police, with quite an image to uphold. It is the "fight for self-preservation" which has made Dallas the way he is; "hardened ... beyond caring." Therefore breaking the law is expected of him and so he cannot stay out of trouble. He does feel, however, that "if you look after yourself, nothin' can touch you." Even though there are no real gang fights, only social issues between the Greasers and the Socs, Dally is "bitter" and breaking the law is allows him to avoid the real issues that surround him. Johnny's death is his "breaking-point." 

Which different parts of the United States does King mention in his speech?

King mentions many parts of the United States in his "I Have a Dream" speech. This is meant to be sure that his audience realizes that the entire country has made equality a dream deferred for African-Americans. 

The first specific mentions begin on the third page of the speech, when he refers to "the Negro in Mississippi...and the Negro in New York" (3), the Mississippi Negro not being permitted to vote and the New York Negro feeling he has no one he can vote for. He then exhorts his audience to go back and change the situation, specifically mentioning Mississippi, Alabama, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, and "the slums and ghettos of our Northern cities" (4).  He wants to make clear that injustice is not simply a Southern problem, but a Northern one, too.  He references Georgia and Mississippi again, saying he dreams that slave owners and the descendants of slaves in Georgia will be able to "sit down together at the table of brotherhood' (4), and that even Mississippi can be changed, into "oasis of freedom and justice' (5). He then mentions Alabama, a state with "vicious racists" (6), as being capable of being transformed into a place where black and white children can "join hands" (6).

As King wraps up his speech, with his metaphor of highs and lows, he talks about "the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire" (6), the "mighty mountains of New York" (6-7), "the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania" (7), "the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado" (7), "the curvaceous slopes of California" (7), "Stone Mountain of Georgia" (7), "Lookout Mountain of Tennessee" (7), and finally, "every hill and molehill of Mississippi" (7). 

King has managed, with his references to North and South and a list that sweeps coast to coast, to make sure that his audience understands that the bell of freedom needs to ring in every part of the land and that the playing field of his metaphor is smooth, with no greater burdens for some than for others. This is a wonderfully crafted speech, and it still has great power to move today. 

The Question is how do you find the time when given distance and acceleration.(A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at a rate 5.78...

We can use the equations of motion to solve this question. These equations relate, initial velocity (u), final velocity (v), distance traveled (s), time taken (t) and acceleration (a), as:

Here, the car starts from rest, hence u = 0. The acceleration of the car, a = 5.48 m/s^2 and the distance traveled is, s = 115 m.

Using the third equation from above,

solving the equation, we get, v = 35.5 m/s

Given the acceleration and distance traveled by the car, we can use the second equation to determine the time of travel as:

Thus, we can use the equations of motion to determine the unknown variables.

Hope this helps. 

How does "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings," a story woven around an angel fallen to earth, reveal the truth about human nature?

“A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings” is a social commentary on some of the baser characteristics of humanity. It is human nature to be fearful toward things that we do not understand, things that are different from us. The angel, though he is a divine being, cannot communicate with the people of the town and challenges their perceptions of religion and tradition, evidenced perhaps most explicitly by the Church’s query as to the resemblance of the angel’s speech to Aramaic (the language of Christ). The people pluck feathers from the sick old man’s wings to try and force him to conform to Biblical tales of healing in divine beings, rather than try themselves to understand the nature of his kind and where he came from. But perhaps the most emphatic example of this idea is the comparison of the spectacle of the angel to that of the woman who had been turned into a giant tarantula. The people were able to communicate with the latter creature, and she expressed a “heartrending…sincere affliction with which she recounted the details of her misfortune.” The absurdity of the sympathy offered this horrid spider who was being punished for her sins, when compared to the impatience, suspicion, and shocking violence directed toward an angel, a holy creature, is testament to the fearful depravity of humanity, and our quickness to condemn anything that is not like ourselves.

The story also implies that humans are too wrapped up in their own personal problems and aspirations to notice those who are suffering around them. Indeed, they are more likely to exploit those people in order to achieve these aspirations and remedy these problems. Instead of attempting to help this poor fallen angel, Pelayo and Elisenda capitalize on his misery and charge admission for the townspeople to see him. They then renovate their home with the earnings, all the while leaving the angel to wallow in the chicken coop in abject misery. Instead of facing the old man with compassion, they see him as a bother, and Elisenda is relieved when he finally fledges and flies away, because then, “he was no longer an annoyance in her life.” The irony of this all-too-human perspective is perhaps best evinced by her exclamation, as the old man is wandering ceaselessly through the house, that it is “awful living in that hell full of angels.” Garcia Marquez is stating that humans refuse to take responsibility for their own actions, and view the world from their own selfish perspective. The things and people most in need are therefore identified as annoyances, as direct causes of misery and unhappiness, when in fact it is often our own negligence toward them that has put them in this position.

What are some figurative devices used in Act 4 of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet?

In Act 4 of Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses personification, a type of figurative or literary device in which a non-living object is given human qualities. For example, Juliet says to Friar Laurence in scene 1, "this bloody knife/Shall play the umpire." In this figure of speech, a knife is likened to an umpire who can choose between the two difficult choices Juliet has to make--whether to marry Paris or admit she is already married to Romeo. Later in the scene, the Friar says, "No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest," meaning that no breath will give away that Juliet is still living after she's taken the drug he prescribes. This is another example of personification. At the end of scene 3, Juliet summons the vial with the drugs she is taking as if it is human. She says, "Come, vial," and she addresses the vial like it is a person.

Juliet uses similes later in scene 3. She says that in the tomb, she might hear screams that she describes as "shrieks like mandrakes torn out of the earth." Mandrakes are a type of root that was rumored to yell like a human when torn from the earth. Mandrakes were thought to have had magical qualities that were used in witchcraft. In scene 5, Romeo uses a metaphor to compare money to poison. When he uses money to buy poison from the apothecary, he says, "gold, worse poison to men’s souls" than the poisons the apothecary sells.  

If you were Scrooge, what would you have done in the story?

Your question does not make it clear which point in the story you are referring to and that could impact the way you answer the question. It is possible you are being asked if you would be as miserly as Ebenezer Scrooge OR if you would change your ways at the end of the story, like Scrooge does. It seems probable that it is the latter, so let's take a look at why you might respond similarly or differently than Scrooge.

If you were to respond differently than Scrooge you probably need to provide a detailed explanation as to what you would have done differently and why. Let's say you argued that you would not have changed significantly like Scrooge did, why not? You could easily argue that there is no guarantee that if he DOES change that his future will be any different; therefore, you would stick to your old ways because those werehwat you were accustomed to and comfortable with and there is no real evidence you need to change. You'll die anyway at some point and the spirits did not show you what the "happy" future might be or if there wold even be one.

If you were to argue that you would respond the same way that Scrooge did, and become a nice and generous person, you would want to be able to provide some  explanation as to why. This answer is the most likely, but also a bit trickier because you want to avoid simply repeating the story with lines like, "I would give Bob Cratchit a raise, too." Yes, you probably would, but you could write about why you would do so by adding wording like, "because he is so deserving and has been underpaid for too long." We do not have a lot of that explanation in the final part of the story. We know what Scrooge does, but the author does not explicitly tell us what Scrooge is thinking when he does it, and that could make your own response unique. Why change the way you do? What did the spirits show you that motivated this change?

What was so important about Paul Revere?

Paul Revere is remembered in American history as the man who alerted the colonists to the arrival of the British militia at Lexington in Massachusetts in 1775. Born in Boston in 1735, Revere was a very successful silversmith and engraver who held strong views on American independence. In 1773 he took part in the Boston Tea Party, the famous protest in which demonstrators destroyed a shipment of tea in defiance of the Tea Act which Britain had introduced to the colonies. One year later, Revere became employed by the Massachusetts Committee of Safety as an express rider to carry important news and messages to cities like New York and Philadelphia. 

But it was that ride on April 18 1775 which makes Paul Revere so important in U.S. history.  That night, he was instructed by Dr Joseph Warren to ride to Lexington to warn Samuel Adams and John Hancock of their impending arrest by the British. He borrowed a horse and reached Lexington around midnight where he delivered his message to Adams and Hancock. He was later arrested by the British but released in time to witness some of the battle at Lexington Green.

What are the effects of intermolecular forces and temperature on density?

Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume. Density is calculated using the equation: Density = mass/volume. Anything which increases the amount of mass in a particular volume will increase the density. Anything that decreases the amount of mass in a particular volume will decrease the density.

Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction that hold bonded atoms together. Some intermolecular forces are fairly weak, while others are relatively strong. Below is a list of different types of intermolecular forces. The list is arranged from weakest to strongest.

Dispersion Forces           Weak

Dipole-Dipole Forces

Hydrogen Bonds

Ion-Dipole Forces            Strong

We can think of matter as being composed of small particles. Each particle is composed of one or more atoms. When the particles of a substance are held together by strong intermolecular forces, they are held closer together. This means that for a given volume, more particles would be present in the sample. The presence of more particles results in a higher mass per unit of volume and therefore a higher density. When the particles of a substance are held together by weak intermolecular forces, they are not held as closely together. So, for a given volume, fewer particles would be present in the sample. The presence of fewer particles results in a lower mass per unit of volume and therefore a lower density.

Temperature

Temperature is an indication of the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the particles increases and the density decreases as the molecules move farther away from each other. Similarly, a decrease in temperature results in slower moving molecules that stay closer together. A decrease in temperature will cause the density to increase.

What happen if the fur was close to the paper after the rod and fur were rub together?

The paper will get attracted by the fur. This is because of static electricity, which means electricity that is not moving.

Let us take a brief look on the structure of an atom for better understanding of electrostatic charges.

An atom has protons which are in the center, positively charged, and electrons around the center, negatively charged.

When you rub the rod with the fur the negatively charged electrons stripped away from the fur and transferred to the rod. Because the electrons are in the rod are more tightly bound than the fur. With this, the rod gets more negative than positive charge, whereas the fur gets more positive than negative charge.

Because this extra positive charges, the fur attracts the neutral charged paper.   

One more example for the static electricity is "a pen rubbed with piece of cloth will attract small pieces of paper"