How can I present a solution using pseudocode and a flowchart? Identify the logic needed to apply a discount on all items in the shopping cart....

While we don't have the tools (or the aim) of drawing the pseudocode flowchart for you, we can help talk you through how to go about satisfying the requirements of this computer programming task.

Starting with the programming flowchart, a programming flowchart combines predefined geometric symbols and arrowed lines with simple pseudocode sentences to describe a problem, a solution and an action (or a process) to be carried out by a computer program operation.

Processing operations might show the logical steps in carrying out the solution of the task in a straight linear relationship (one end solution), called "sequencing"; in a "Yes" "No" alternative relationship (two possible end solutions), called "decision"; or in a repeating relationship (multiple applications of a process(s)), called "looping." Each operation relationship has specific guidelines for using pseudocode and for building the flowchart.

Logic

The logic for applying a monetary discount to all items an online customer has placed in a website shopping cart is looping logic: the process will be applied--will be looped--over and over again to each individual item in the shopping cart. The logic is not "decision" because, since the discount is applied to all items, the end result isn't derived from a "Yes" "No" alternative resulting in two possible processing routes (although "Yes" "No" decision logic may be incorporated as a part of the looping process). The logic is not "sequence" because there is not one single process that arrives at one, final end solution. The logic statements would include the problem, the discussion, the output, input and processing. For a discount applied to a whole shopping cart, the logic would be similar to this:

• Problem: Apply a discount to each item in an entire shopping cart of items.


• Discussion: The discount equals 10% of the price of each item.


• Output: The discounted price per item.


• Input: The Item prices.


• Process: Find the price of each item; deduct the 10% discount from each price; find the final item price.

Pseudocode

The pseudocode language, simplified program descriptive sentences, would describe a loop and capture the logic in a manner similar to this:

• Determine the discounted price of each item in a shopping cart


• Initialize multiplier and deduct from price


• Do While there are more data


•   a. Get next item


•   b. Multiply by discount


•   c. Finalize discounted price


• Loop


• Final Item Price

Flowchart

The flowchart would graphically represent the programming process and be labeled with the pseudocode. Some significant elements of the flowchart include these:

• The flowchart begins and ends with the geometric shape of a sideways oval. The top one will be labeled Start (or Begin) while the bottom one will be labeled End.


• A directional arrow will indicate the flow of the program between one step and the next. With a loop involved, some directional arrows will point the side and some back toward the top (indicating a loop), although the primary sequential arrows will point downward.


• On the step during which the next item price is retrieved, the sequencing will incorporate pseudocode asking something similar to: "Are there more items?" At this step, a decision sequence will be incorporated with "Yes" looping to the next item price and "No" diverting the program to the end result and to the End oval shape.


• On the "Yes" diversion, the loop is initiated and is indicated by a directional arrow to the left, joined by another toward the top, joined by another to the right that ends at the primary sequence arrow just ahead of the diamond shape asking "Are there more items?"

Pseudocode and flowcharts are clearly explained in a PowerPoint made available by the Computer Science Department of Suffolk County Community College (SCCC) in Long Island, New York, with clear examples provided; this answer is drawn from the SCCC PowerPoint.

How does the prisoner escape the descending pendulum?

The way the prisoner in "The Pit and the Pendulum" escapes from the pendulum is one of the most memorable moments in literature. The man is bound by cloth bands to a low table as a razor sharp swinging pendulum drops ever so gradually toward him. He has been given a dish of savory meat but no water in order to increase his discomfort. He can reach to his side to grab the food from the plate, but otherwise he cannot move because of his bonds. When the pendulum gets almost to him, the "collected calmness of despair" allows him to think up a plan. He realizes that the bands are only cloth; when a rat bites his hand, it makes him think how "wild, bold, ravenous" they are. Taking the meat from his dish, he "thoroughly rubbed the bandage wherever I could reach it." He has been constantly shooing the rats away until now, but now he lies "breathlessly still." That makes the rats think he has died. They swarm upon the man, first chewing the bonds that he rubbed the meat on. He has to lie absolutely still while they are swarming all over him, even on his face, so they will finish their work. Finally he senses the bonds have been chewed through. The pendulum has swung so low that it has actually cut through his robe. Before its next swing, he shoos the rats off him and slides off the table, avoiding the pendulum. He is free! But not for long, of course. The pendulum is drawn up, and the inquisitors put the next method of torture into motion.

What are some of Marvin Minsky's greatest contributions to the field of artificial intelligence?

Marvin Minsky was a founding father of artificial intelligence. He began working on artificial intelligence as early as the 1950s and he authored several books on intelligence and machine learning. Notable among them was his publication Perceptrons, which provided the foundation for his concept of artificial neural networks. He eventually went on to build the first randomly wired neural network learning machine in 1951.

According to an article in the Popular Science publication (referenced), his concept of artificial neural networks formed the basis of the larger and more complex neural networks which Google and Facebook use on their platforms today.

It is thought that artificial intelligence may be one of the most society-changing innovations in the 21st century, in much the same way that computers have arguably become the most lifestyle changing invention in our lives today.

At the beginning of the story, what does the narrator reveal about her family and her own responsibility in the family? How does she feel about...

Toni Cade Bambara opens her short story “Raymond’s Run” with a description of the family responsibilities in Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker’s home life. Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, also known as Squeaky, is mainly responsible for taking care of her older, disabled brother. Her mother performs the household chores and does not expect Squeaky to pitch in. Her other brother, George, provides spending money by selling Christmas cards and doing jobs for the “big boys” who exist in their Brooklyn neighborhood. Her father is responsible for anything else the family needs. Each family member has their own responsibilities and Squeaky feels that taking care of her brother is plenty for her since she needs to practice her running and breathing.

This is a rather tradition division of responsibilities that shows how each member of the family makes an important contribution. Although it may be a bit unorthodox for her brother to run errands for the “big boys” it shows that the family is trusted in the neighborhood. Because Squeaky takes care of her brother, her mother performs all of the housework without the need to worry about who is looking after her disabled son. Her father plays an important role by carrying the weight of the other family responsibilities.

What happens when Juliet goes to confession in Romeo and Juliet?

There are two scenes where Juliet goes to confession in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The first instance occurs in Act 2, scene 6, when Juliet meets Romeo secretly to be married. In order to get permission to leave the house and go to the church, Juliet pretends to go to confession. In Act 2, scene 5, the Nurse confirms the marriage plans to Juliet by saying, "Then hie you hence to Friar Lawrence’s cell. There stays a husband to make you a wife."  

The second instance where Juliet attends confession is in Act 4, scene 1. At this point in the play, Juliet has just learned that she is being forced into a marriage with Paris. Despite her pleas to stay the marriage, Juliet's father and mother are insistent that she follow their wishes. When Juliet turned to the Nurse for comfort and advice, her best friend advises her to forget her marriage to Romeo and to marry Paris as her parents wish.  This leaves Juliet feeling isolated and desperate. She immediately pretends to listen to the Nurse, but in an aside lets the audience know that she no longer trusts the Nurse to give her good advice. She visits Friar Lawrence again under the guise of confession, but she actually wants his advice on how to escape her impending marriage to Paris.

Upon her arrival at the church, Juliet encounters Paris, who is there to arrange their wedding ceremony. In an awkward exchange fraught with double meanings, Juliet and Paris converse about their upcoming marriage and true feelings. Once alone with Friar Lawrence, Juliet threatens to commit suicide if he cannot come up with a plan to help her escape her marriage to Paris. 

In the story "Good Country People" by Flannery O'Connor, how do we know that Joy/Hulga is going through an identity crisis? What aspects of her...

In Flannery O'Connor's story "A Good Man is Hard to Find," the character Joy/Hulga goes through an identity crisis. One of the main clues to this is her name change. Her mother named her Joy, assuming she'd be a happy, joyful child and adult. However, Joy/Hulga was quite the opposite, being sullen and taciturn as she grew up, especially after she lost her leg. By changing her name to one of the ugliest ones she could thing of--Hulga--she shows that she wants to be someone different. She also goes to school but then does not find a career in her field, preferring to stay home and be miserable. When Manley Pointer comes by, she seems interested in him and acts differently when they are alone. It is clear that Hulga does not really know who she is throughout the story, and when she is left, legless, in the barn, she seems broken and unlikely to ever figure it out.

What is the function of the boy in Waiting for Godot?

The boy stands for hope and anticipation. Didi and Gogo, as they wait (patiently) for Godot to arrive, hope for some “messenger” to assure them that Godot is still coming, and the boy’s arrival in Act I is some assurance that they are still in “Godot's” plans. Symbolically, he stands for our own belief that we have some purpose in life, that we are in fact part of a larger plan; the boy is like our moments of complete faith, our “religious” hope: most religions call for faith without proof. His arrival is a false epiphany, some sort of event that we, as humans, interpret as proof that our waiting for a purpose is not in vain. The very vagueness, the ambiguity, of the boy’s message is further evidence that Beckett is dramatizing these moments of (for him) false hope. His genius is having the boy (or a brother?) appear again at the end of the play (usually played by the same actor).  An important line is (paraphrased)
 "You did see us -- you won't come back here and say you didn't see us?"

What are the signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?

Chemical reactions occur when the atomic structure of reactants are rearranged to make new products. The following are signs that a chemical reaction may have occurred:

1.      The formation of a precipitate may indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred. Sometimes, when two liquids are mixed, a solid is formed and settles to the bottom of the solution. The solid that forms is called a precipitate.

2.      Color changes may indicate the presence of a chemical reaction.

3.      Temperature changes are often indicative of chemical reactions. For example, exothermic reaction release energy and make their surrounding feel warmer. Oppositely, endothermic reactions absorb heat energy and make their surrounding feel cooler.

4.      The production of odor may indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred. Just think of the smell of a campfire!

5.      Bubbles may be a sign that a chemical reaction has occurred. Although bubbles from a liquid are due to a physical change of state, bubbles can also be produced by a chemical reaction. For example, yeast in bread can produce bubbles of carbon dioxide that help the bread to rise.

Why is militarism a good thing? Specifically more for the USA.

It is by no means clear that militarism is actually a good thing for the United States.  There are many people, in fact, who would say that it is a bad thing.  If, however, we have to assume that militarism is a good thing, we can say that it makes the United States more important in the world and it helps make us wealthier and more patriotic.

Militarism can be defined as the idea that we should have a strong military and that we should be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote our interests in the world.  We can argue that militarism helps us in the world by making us more of a power. When we have a strong military and other countries can see that we are willing to use it, those other countries will be afraid of us.  They will be more likely to go along with what we want.  This is good for our country.

On the home front, militarism is also good for us.  Militarism improves our economy because our government spends a lot of money on military equipment.  Moreover, as the government tries to get better military equipment, new technologies are developed.  These new technologies eventually help our civilian economy as we find peaceful applications for them.  Just as importantly, militarism makes us more cohesive and more patriotic.  When we have militarism, we are more likely to respect our troops and to support our country.  We are less likely to be critical of our country and its aims.  When our citizens support our country vigorously, we are better-off as a society.

In these ways, (we can argue) militarism improves our standing in the world, our economy, and the cohesiveness of our society.

Discuss the role self-respect plays in an individual's response to injustice in Night by Elie Wiesel.

There are specific instances in Night where self-respect plays a vital role in an individual's response to injustice.

One specific example of where self-respect is significant to an individual's reaction to unfairness can be seen in chapter 4.  The Nazis have chosen to execute two young men.  When one of them is about to die by hanging, he says, "Long live liberty!"  This is an example of how self-respect formulates an individual's response to injustice: it is his self-respect that makes him speak out and in so doing deny the defamation and degradation accompanying execution at the hand of the Nazis. [If we look further at his quotation, we find not self-respect but a desire for revenge: applying curses is an act of retribution and revenge.]

Another example can be seen in Moshe the Beadle's desire to return to Sighet.  He wants to warn the citizens of what the Nazis have planned.  His self-respect and his love for others make him believe that he was "chosen" to live.  He has so much respect for this mission that he endures the taunts from the people of Sighet who doubt him.  Finally, I think that Akiba Drumer can represent an example of how self-respect is critical to an individual's response to injustice.  He refuses to let the Nazis break his faith in the Talmud.  His religious faith sustains him. Even when he knows that he will not be saved, Akiba Drumer asks others to recite the Kaddish for him.  His resistance towards the Nazis is seen in his faith, and embodies another example how self-respect plays a vital role in an individual's response to injustice.

How is diffusion used in animals? How is diffusion used in plants?

Diffusion is the act of a greater concentration of particles mixing with a lower concentration of particles, in the effort of achieving an equilibrium on both sides.  It occurs quite naturally, without the use of energy, except in the process known as active transport. 

In animals, glucose and oxygen are carried by the blood stream to every cell in the body, where the two diffuse into the cell, where it is used by the cells mitochondria.  A chemical process breaks apart the glucose, where it is combined with the oxygen to create energy for the cell in the form of ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.  The carbon dioxide and water are diffused out of the cell as waste products, which the blood carries to each chemical's respective exit destinations. 

Plants use light energy, usually from the sun, and combine that with carbon dioxide, which diffuses into the plant from the air and water, from which it is diffused into the root system of the plant.  The simple sugar glucose is formed, with oxygen released as a waste product, which diffuses out of the plant into the air.

Sporophyte generation produces spores that grow into a(n) _________?

This can be very confusing, so let me divide it up for you.  There is a term called "alternation of generations", which involves both sexual and asexual reproduction for some plants, fungi, and protists. 

The first cycle is the one you are describing in your question.  A sporophyte is a cell with a diploid number of chromosomes.  It was created by the fertilization of a sperm with an egg cell, resulting in a fertilized egg called a zygote.  The zygote has the full count of chromosomes, making it diploid in number (2n). 

The sporophyte will undergo meiosis, which is a process to reduce the chromosome count by one half, in an effort to produce spores.  The spores, remember, are haploid, meaning they only have half the number of chromosomes required in the cell (n). 

The word you are searching for is gametophyte.  The spores will produce the next cycle, which is the production of a gametophyte from the spores.  The resulting gametophytes are haploid in number (n), so when they undergo mitosis, which is normal cell division, they are only producing half the required chromosome count. 

The gametophytes produce gametes, which are the sperm and egg cells required for sexual reproduction.  When the sperm fertilizes the egg, we are right back to the beginning, where we started with a full count of chromosomes, which is diploid (2n). 

Which favorite celebrity is helping to protect the environment and stop water pollution, global warming and climate change?

There are a number of famous people who are working towards protecting our environment. The biggest face in climate change and global warming is Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States and 2002 Nobel Peace Prize winner (along with IPCC- the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). He has been a longstanding supporter of taking action against climate change, among a number of other environmental issues.

Among the "celebrities," Leonardo DiCaprio is probably most well known for his support of environmental issues. His foundation, the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, is funding projects in the areas of stopping climate change, ocean conservation, biodiversity protection and nature preservation. In the past two decades, his foundation has funded more than $30 million worth of projects. He has also narrated and produced a documentary about global warming titled "The 11th Hour" in 2007.

There are a number of other famous people who are supporting environmental causes.

Hope this helps. 

What is an example of onomatopoeia in the poem "South" by Kamau Brathwaite?

Caribbean poet and scholar Kamau Brathwaite uses various literary devices in his nostalgic poem "South," which remembers fondly the island beaches of his home. While he invokes metaphors, personification and onomatopoeia to create a sense of imagery, a prime example of onomatopoeia, or a word that imitates the sound it describes, can be found towards the end of the poem:

they rememer us just as we left them.

The fisherman, hawking the surf on this side

of the reef, stands up in his boat

and halloos us: a starfish lies in its pool.

Here, the word "halloos" is an example of onomatopoeia. The poem references a fisherman standing up in his boat to greet the narrator, so the word "halloos" is phonetic for the "hello" the man is giving.

What happens in Chapters 7, 8 and 9 of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe?

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a book set in Nigeria, using fictional characters to examine the lives of the Igbo people under British colonial role in the 1890s. The protagonist of the book is Okonkwo, an Igbo warrior.

In Chapter 7, the hostage Ikemefuna has been living with Okonkwo's family and is a good influence on Nwoye, Okonkwo's son. The Oracle of Hills and Caves has decreed that the goddess insists that the village kill Ikemefuna. Although the elder Ogbuefi Ezeudu suggests Okonkwo stay away from the ceremony, Okonkwo participates and ends up being the one to actually kill the boy who he has come to love. 

In Chapter 8, Okonkwo is deeply disturbed by his own part in the death of Nwoye. He visits Obierika who explains that Okonkwo should have stayed home and that he may have offended the earth goddess. In the discussion between the two, we see more evidence that Okonkwo is failing to fully develop his feminine side, and thus is by Igbo standards failing to become the ideal man who is supposed to balance masculine and feminine. Ibe and his family arrive to negotiate the bride price of Obierika's daughter Akueke.

In Chapter 9, Ezinma, Okonkwo and Ekwefi’s daughter falls ill. The chapter deals with this in the context of traditional religion in terms of the ogbanje, a child who dies and is then reborn.

What message did Miss Maudie attempt to convey to Scout about Boo?

Miss Maudie attempts to explain to Scout that Boo's seclusion is a result of his father's strict religious beliefs. Boo did not choose to stay in the house; rather he was forced to by his father. She tries to convey to Scout that Boo was an innocent child who is more of a victim than a monster. Miss Maudie describes Mr. Radley as a "foot-washing Baptist" who believed that any sort of pleasure was a sin. Mr. Radley took the Bible literally, and his beliefs affected the lives his children in negative ways. Boo stays confined in his house because his father chose to keep in him locked inside. Maudie tells Scout that, "the Bible in the hand of one man is worse than a whiskey bottle in the hand of---oh, your father." (Lee 60) She tries to explain that a person's interpretations of the Bible can be harmful if taken to extreme measures. Maudie tells Scout that Boo was a friendly child when he was younger, but is probably crazy by now because he hasn't left the house.

In Romeo and Juliet, how do Romeo's actions affect other characters in the play?

Romeo's direct actions lead to the deaths of five other characters in the play, as well as his own. Mercutio, Tybalt, Paris, Juliet and his own mother die as a result of his impulsive and impassioned decisions. In Act III, Scene 1, his acquiescence to Tybalt is seen as a sign of cowardice by Mercutio. Because Romeo won't fight Tybalt, Mercutio steps in and, to add insult to injury, Romeo actually causes Mercutio to be stabbed as he tries to break up the sword fight and gets between the two men. A simple confession to Mercutio about the reality of his marriage to Juliet would have averted the entire situation. 

After Mercutio dies, Romeo is "Fortune's fool" as he goes after Tybalt in a fit of revenge and kills him. Again, Romeo needed to analyze the situation and consider the implications of his actions. Instead, he gives in to his basest instincts and turns to violence. While some may argue that both Tybalt and Mercutio deserved to die they must also be considered victims of Romeo's impetuous behavior.

Paris is definitely a victim of circumstance. He is simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. As he pays his last respects to Juliet at Capulet's tomb he unluckily meets Romeo, who is determined to kill himself next to Juliet as quickly as possible. Paris is basically an innocent bystander and doesn't deserve his fate. Romeo's ill considered plan leads to the Count's demise.

In his eagerness to commit suicide in Act III, Scene 3, Romeo doesn't even believe what he actually sees. He comments that Juliet still looks alive: 

Beauty’s ensign yet
Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,
And death’s pale flag is not advancèd there.

Nevertheless, Romeo drinks the poison, not really caring how his actions will affect anyone else. If he had demonstrated any degree of patience he may have avoided his death and Juliet's. Unfortunately, he goes through with his scheme, not only causing his own death but inadvertently pushing Juliet to the same fate. 

Finally, Romeo's banishment brings such "grief" to his family that his mother dies as a result. As a wise poet once said, "No man is an island..." and this is indeed true in Romeo's case. He could never imagine how devastating his simple love for a girl could lead to such mischief.

What makes Roland change his mind and follow Oliver's advice?

The point at which Roland changes his mind and follows Oliver's advice is a pivotal moment in the text. However, it would be inaccurate to say Roland ever followed Oliver's advice, for, when Roland did decide to sound for help, Oliver rebuked him, saying,

Nay, it were foul disgrace On your noble kindred to wreak such wrong; They would bear the stain their lifetime long. Erewhile I sought it, and sued in vain; But to sound thy horn thou wouldst not deign. Not now shall mine assent be won, Nor shall I say it is knightly done. (stanza 149)

Thus, Roland goes against the advice of his close compatriot on two accounts. It is important to recall that when Roland first refused to blow his horn, he had not seen the true extent of Marsilla's forces. He knew of them only through Oliver's description. Thus, he had no certain knowledge of the odds against his small force. It is only after fighting and losing many good men that he realizes the dire situation. He calls for help because he fears defeat at the hands of his enemy and hopes for salvation from Charles' retinue.

What is the summary of Chapter 6 in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem and Dill decided to sneak into the Radley yard to spy on Boo. Scout was hesitant, but she reluctantly went along with them. They tried to be quiet as they snuck into the yard. The gate was squeaky, so they spat on it until it did not creak. They had further problems with noisy chickens and swishing collard greens in the garden. Dill climbed on Scout and Jem to peek in the window, but he saw nothing. Jem boldly climbed onto the porch to peek through another window.  

Scout spotted a shadow. She soon realized it was a man. Dill saw the shadow, followed by Jem. Jem ran off the porch, and the man in the shadows shot a gun. The children escaped through the barbed wire fence, but Jem's pants got stuck. He had to leave them behind.

They discover the shooter was Mr. Radley. The three children pretend to be clueless about the incident. Jem tells his father that he lost his pants in a game of strip poker. Jem decides to go rescue his pants. Scout begs him not to go, but he is determined. Hesitantly, she "unlatched the back door and held it while he crept down the steps. It must have been two o'clock. The moon was setting and the lattice-work shadows were fading into fuzzy nothingness. Jem's white shirt-tail dipped and bobbed like a small ghost dancing away to escape the coming morning" (Chapter 6). He safely returns with his pants, but he is silent.

What omen told the Egypt gang to go to Egypt?

In chapter 10, the three girls and Marshall are planning to slip away from the large group of trick-or-treaters when the time is right. April predicted that they would know by a secret omen when they should make their getaway. As they are going from house to house, they end up getting farther and farther behind the main group. Many residents whose doors they come to are impressed with the girls' costumes and spend time talking to them or taking pictures of them. They run into Toby and Ken, and that delays them. Finally, they find themselves all alone with no other members of the group nearby. At that very moment, Melanie notices a shooting star. They all look up and say, "A shooting star!" in unison, then look at April. She nods, indicating that the shooting star was indeed their secret omen. They head to Egypt. 

Do you think most people, faced with the princess's hard choices, would save their loved one or send him or her to death? In other words, are...

In Frank Stockton's short story "The Lady or the Tiger" the king is described as "semi-barbaric" and his system of justice is based on luck and fate. It is, in many ways, quite brutal. His daughter is described as being similar in nature:

This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own. As is usual in such cases, she was the apple of his eye, and was loved by him above all humanity.

Because she is semi-barbaric she probably sent her lover to his death. She could not abide her lover being married to a woman she loathed: 

The girl was lovely, but she had dared to raise her eyes to the loved one of the princess; and, with all the intensity of the savage blood transmitted to her through long lines of wholly barbaric ancestors, she hated the woman who blushed and trembled behind that silent door.

Today, if such an institution existed it's difficult to say what someone in the princess's situation would do. It may depend on one's philosophy concerning the essential nature of human beings. Some may feel that people are inherently good and when faced with such a decision they would do the right thing. Others, however, may look at humanity with a dimmer view and feel it quite possible that the princess would send her lover to the door with the tiger simply out of spite and jealousy.

In my opinion, most people would point the young man to the door with the lady. Although the media generally reports the negative far more than the positive, there are many more examples of people being charitable and selfless than being mean and cruel. Sports figures are often in the news for doing something reprehensible, but there are hundreds more stories of athletes helping people which never get reported. People are essentially good. If they weren't we would not have a system of justice where the accused has a chance to prove their innocence. The average person would not want to risk a person's life on mere chance.

What is the cause and effect in Chapter 14 of Lyddie?

Lyddie worries about her family, so she desperately tries to make as much money as she can.

Lyddie is a factory worker because there is a large debt owed on the family farm.  She is constantly worried about money, and every decision she makes is designed to get her enough money to pay off the debt.

Lyddie had been hurt in an accident when a shuttle from the loom hit her in the head.

By Saturday afternoon she was back in her own room, and by Sunday the pain had dulled. Dr. Craven had cut her hair away from the wound and bound her head in a proper bandage, but she took it off. She was going back to work the next day, bald spot and all. (Ch. 14)

Lyddie is more concerned about her family than herself.  She feels like she is responsible for them, and if anything happens to her they will not get the money.  Her mother is with her uncle and has her two little sisters, and her brother works for a mill.  Lyddie still feels like the debt is her responsibility.

Diana took Lyddie to a doctor who was a friend of hers, Dr. Craven.  Lyddie is curious about the relationship, but considers Dr. Craven a good doctor because he did not give her a bill.  He clearly treated her as a favor to Diana.

Lyddie returns to work, and the overseer Mr. Marsden asks her if she is all right.  He tells her that she is his best girl.  Lyddie is definitely a hard worker.  Before the accident, Mr. Marsden added a loom so that she had four.

Mr. Marsden gives her a new girl to train named Brigid, who is Irish.  Lyddie is not thrilled, because she does not want the new girl to slow her down.

By the end of the first day, the girl was far from ready to operate her own machine, but Lyddie had run out of patience. She told Mr. Marsden to assign the girl a loom next to her own. "I'll watch out for her and tend my own machines as well." (Ch. 14)

Lyddie is not kind to Brigid.  She yells at her and the girl bursts into tears.  Diana is able to patiently explain things to the girl.  She thanks Diana for helping her with the doctor, and Diana asks Lyddie if she will sign the petition.  She still refuses.

Lyddie sees her neighbor Luke Stevens and hardly recognizes him.  He gives her a letter from Ezekial, the slave she lent money to.  In it is a check for $50 in repayment.  She writes a letter to her mother asking her what the debt is, because she thinks she may have enough money to pay it back.

What are the negative and positive aspects of life in the city in the early 1800s?

Depending on where you were in the world during the early 19th century, city life had differing particularities. There were some general similarities, though, as urbanization was rapidly increasing during and after the Industrial Revolution. In general, people in cities had more opportunities available to them and a relatively more stable lifestyle than someone from the country. However, living conditions were very poor for all but the upper class.

First, it is important to address the population growth in cities. During the Industrial Revolution, many people moved to cities to find work in a factory or other industrial setting. One of the positive aspects of population growth was that employment rates also went up. Demand for and production of goods was increasing, which is good in a capitalist economy. People were also receiving a wage for their work, as opposed to subsistence-based work and economy.

Unfortunately, work in early industrial settings was highly dangerous. Children were often employed in large numbers because they demanded a lower wage and could fit inside machinery for cleaning and repairs. Wages for both adults and children were quite low, and this sparked the development of labor unions. Labor conditions were also made dangerous by the materials being used- dangerous substances like asbestos, arsenic, and phosphorous were commonplace in factories.

Urban spaces were unable to keep up with the rapid influx of people from the countryside, and cramped housing and work spaces were veritable cesspools. Poor and working class people did not have very good hygiene, so disease was common and spread quickly. Cholera killed many in the United States and United Kingdom.

As I mentioned above, there were some differing factors in city life depending on the location. There was an increasing push for bettering public health standards during this time, and in 1801, Philadelphia became the first city to provide clean water for drinking throughout the entire city.

Due to the boom in production and trade, more jobs were available in cities, as were goods which might not be available in the countryside. Unfortunately, many people were unable to afford the wealth of goods available to them due to low wages.

Massive fires were also problematic as people and buildings were crowded together. One small, accidental fire could quickly spread and take out several buildings, as in the Great Fire of 1835 in New York.

What are the school and fields a reminder of in the poem "Because I Could Not Stop for Death?"

In this haunting poem by Emily Dickinson, the speaker is a woman who takes a carriage ride with Death and Immortality to her eternal home, the grave. After the woman gets picked up, the carriage ride proceeds slowly. Stanza three details some of the sights the woman sees on the way to the graveyard: a schoolyard, grain fields, and the setting sun. The first two of these stand for the woman's life, the school yard representing her childhood and the fields of grain representing her adulthood. In stanza two, she states she had put away "my labor and my leisure too." At the school, children are at recess, so that represents leisure. The fields represent labor, because they are not natural pastureland, but they had to be planted and harvested. Interestingly, the woman notes that the "Children strove / At Recess - in the Ring." To strive means to exert much effort to achieve something. This shows that life, even in childhood, is filled with opportunities to exert and succeed, as Dickinson strove and achieved. That achievement, too, is behind her now. The construction "Fields of Gazing Grain" is also unusual. One is tempted to misread it as "grazing grain" because those two words go together more frequently than "gazing grain." What is the grain gazing at? Possibly it represents gazing into the future for hope of prosperity. As the field ripens, so do one's hopes of selling the grain for profit and being able to better one's state in life. Again, these hopes for the future are all behind the woman now. So the school and the fields are reminders to the woman of her childhood and adulthood, of her leisure and labor, and of her successful exertions and the dreams of this life, which has now ended for her.

I need help with an essay on Blake's poem "London." I have to write on the structure, imagery, language and linguistic devices, and emotional...

This poem is one of the "Songs of Experience" written by William Blake that contrasts with his "Songs of Innocence." While Songs of Innocence took an optimistic and positive view of life and society, Songs of Experience looked at the darker side. The poem provides commentary on the "weakness" and "woe" in the city of London during Blake's lifetime. Infants, men, chimney sweeps, soldiers, and mothers are all slaves to misery: their "mind-forg'd manacles" can be heard in the crying of all these wretched people living in London. 

The poem is structured like many of Blake's poems. It has four stanzas, and each stanza consists of four lines of iambic tetrameter. That means there are eight syllables in each line in an alternating unstressed/stressed pattern. The rhyme scheme is consistent throughout with the first line of each stanza rhyming with the third and the second rhyming with the fourth. The steady rhythm, meter, and rhyme reinforce the ongoing cycle of woe that engulfs street after street in the city.

Imagery means wording that appeals to the five senses. References to the infant's cry, the chimney sweeper's cry, and the soldier's sigh bring certain sounds to life as we read the poem. When the narrator mentions "marks of weakness, marks of woe" on the faces of the people he meets, and when he speaks of "midnight streets," we get a picture in our minds of how these things look. He is wandering through each street and walking near the River Thames--we can picture that, as well.

Four of the things described as physical objects are not really physical. The poet uses figurative language to draw a comparison between an abstract idea and a real thing. The "mind-forged manacles" are the painful thoughts in the minds of the miserable Londoners. That the chimney-sweeper's cry appalls "every blackning Church" means that churches, which should be buildings of righteousness and hope, take on a spiritual blackness because of the poverty and sadness of those poor children who work in the neighborhood cleaning chimneys. We can picture the unfortunate soldier's sigh as it "runs in blood down Palace walls," although that doesn't literally happen. It means that the soldier is serving the King to the point where he is sacrificing his life for him. Finally, in the last stanza, marriage is depicted as a "hearse," meaning either a funeral bier or a coach that bears away the dead because men have been unfaithful to their wives. 

Blake's use of language and linguistic devices adds power to the poem. In lines three and four, the word "mark" or "marks" is repeated three times. This reinforces the idea of blots or stains on humanity's soul. These lines also contain alliteration with the repetition of the initial /m/ sound in "mark," "meet," and "marks." Alliteration is a pleasing sound device that makes the poetry more cohesive and lyrical. In stanza two the word "every" is repeated five times. This emphasizes how pervasive the sorrows are.

The poem is designed to make the reader feel deep sadness and despair over the plight of those living in London. When someone cries, we automatically want to comfort them, and when someone sighs, our hearts go out to them. So using the word "cry" three times and "sigh" makes us very sympathetic to the infants, men, chimney-sweeps, and soldiers. We are also saddened at the description of the faces bearing "marks of weakness, marks of woe."

The last stanza, however, calls up the greatest emotional effect. We know Blake meant that it should, for he says in line 13, "but most," emphasizing what follows. This situation is the hardest to understand, but what it describes is a baby who has been born blind. The cause of the blindness is a disease that the parents had that resulted from the baby's father being unfaithful to the baby's mother and having slept with a "harlot" or prostitute. Thus, the "youthful Harlot's curse," that is, the disease, has brought blindness on the innocent baby. It is possible the mother did not know she and her husband were infected, but the birth of the blind child would make it impossible for the father to deny his marital unfaithfulness. Thus the relationship between the man and woman will be a "hearse," a lifeless marriage in which the child's handicap is a constant reminder of the great wrong the man perpetrated not only on his wife and child, but also on the Harlot, who herself was "youthful," probably a teenage girl who had turned to prostitution to escape from poverty. This last stanza sums up the ultimate misery where even the love and integrity of the family unit has failed.

What impact did the Mongols have on the development of Europe and Asia?

Europeans feared and loathed the Mongols and their inevitable excursions west. Despite the contemporary sense of doom that was felt, the Mongol excursions into eastern Europe had a profound effect on the future of both Europe and Asia. The Mongol conquest of eastern Europe brought about a period of peace that has been dubbed by historians as the Pax Mongolica. Tribes of people that were traditionally at war with one another were now unified under a powerful central ruler. This allowed a renewed vigor in the area of trade along routes that were established centuries before. Trade between Europe and China allowed stimulation in both economies. The exchange of culture and technology were other corollary effects of the renewed interest in trade routes. This had a very strong benefit for western Europe.

The Mongols also brought a very serious disease to Europe known as the Bubonic Plague. The disease mercilessly wiped out up to a two-thirds of the population of Europe. The destruction of the plague and the wealth brought on by trade with the East hastened the demise of the Feudal system in Europe. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church declined as well in the period after Mongol rule.

What is a summary of Exile by Richard North Patterson?

Exile is a political thriller in which author Richard North Patterson delves into the conflict between Jewish Israelis and Muslim Palestinians as they battle for their right to claim Israel as their home. The novel is set in San Francisco and features David Wolfe, a successful Jewish lawyer and an aspiring congressman who is engaged to marry Carole, a Democrat and political activist for peace in Israel, as well as the daughter of a wealthy Holocaust survivor.

Wolfe's perfect, successful world is shattered the moment he receives a phone call from Hana, an ex-lover he met while at Harvard Law School. Hana is a Palestinian and has just been accused of conspiring with terrorists in the assassination of the Prime Minister of Israel while he was visiting San Fransisco. Hana begs Wolfe to defend her in court. Since he is a Jew defending a Palestinian woman, his decision to take the case incites his fiancée to walk out on him, incites his Jewish political financial supporters to walk out on him, and even incites both the F.B.I. and the Mossad, Israel's central intelligence agency, to investigate him. Wolfe's own investigation of Hana's involvement in the case leads him to Israel, an investigation that also leads him to look deeper into the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

However, while a moderately entertaining novel, Patterson's book has been criticized for its fabrication of facts concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and its one-sided view. Patterson strives to paint Palestinians as the peacemakers while painting the Jews as instigating unwarranted violence, which critics assert can only be accomplished by misrepresenting the facts.

Should the United States have joined World War II? ...

The United States had no choice but to join World War II. Prior to World War II, the United States was officially neutral. However, we were providing aid to Great Britain in various ways. We were giving Britain destroyers as a result of the Destroyers for Bases program. We were loaning and leasing supplies to Great Britain as part of the Lend-Lease Act. We were monitoring the western Atlantic in order to let the British know where the German submarines were located.

We also stopped doing things that would help Japan accomplish its aggressive actions in Asia and in the Pacific. We stopped selling them oil and scrap metal that they could use for their military operations. We froze their assets in our banks.

All of these actions were done while we were neutral. However, when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, we had no choice but to go to war against Japan. We had to respond after they bombed our military and killed many soldiers as well as destroyed much of our military and other property. There was no real viable option except to declare war on Japan.

What are some advantages of starting the play when Helen is nineteen months old?

The opening scene of act one of The Miracle Worker shows baby Helen having recovered from a serious illness.  Her mother begins to notice something strange about her young daughter.  She waves her hand in front of Helen's face, but the baby has no response.  She cries out, but baby Helen does not seem to notice.  She calls for her husband, who comes quickly.  She frantically explains what happened: "'She can’t see. Look at her eyes.... Or hear. When I screamed she didn’t blink.'"  

This is the moment when Helen's parents realize that her illness has left their bright and vibrant daughter deaf and blind.  The timeline of The Miracle Worker is from this moment until Helen has a moment of realization at the well pump with Miss Sullivan.  This scene and a brief one showing how Miss Sullivan and Helen connect are when the play ends.  

This play shows Helen's life before she can communicate.  It is not about her whole life.  The play instead focuses on Helen's journey to learn how to communicate with the help of her teacher, so it is not important to show what Helen was like as a baby who could see and hear.  The play begins with a dramatic event, which is when Helen's parents realize she is deaf and blind.  This is an effective "hook" for those reading or watching the play.

Why might Lee describe the group of students as a "delegation"?

When Lee refers to the children as a "delegation" it's meant to be subtle humor or sarcasm in describing the school and the children's social groups as like politics. Delegates or a delegation are usually political terms referring to people who come from the same place or represent the same interests within a political body.

So, if we consider Scout's first-grade class to be that political body, it's made up of different groups of kids from different parts of town, including the ones who live in town and close enough to walk to school and those who are far enough out into the country that they have to ride the bus. When Miss Caroline (who grew up in a different part of the state and doesn't understand local customs) tries to get Walter Cunningham to borrow lunch money from her, the class looks to Scout to explain.

"I turned around and saw most of the town people and the entire bus delegation looking at me. Miss Caroline and I had conferred twice already, and they were looking at me in the innocent assurance that familiarity breeds understanding" (Lee 22).

Here, several factions of children (the town people and the bus delegation) have casually united to appoint Scout as their spokesperson.

Lee is following a pattern that she set up earlier in the chapter by describing the political nature of school. When Scout mentions that Miss Caroline is from North Alabama, she mentions that:

"North Alabama was full of Liquor Interests, Big Mules, steel companies, Republicans, professors, and other persons of no background" (Lee 18).

Describing children as delegates is a way to continue this subtle humor and political metaphor.

What is the gravitational force between Earth and the Sun?

By Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, there is the gravitational forces between any bodies having mass. Each body attracts another body, and the direction of this force is along the straight line that goes through the bodies.

The magnitude of this force is   where and are the masses, is the distance and   is the universal constant called gravitational constant.

The bodies are considered to be small with respect to the distance (point masses). For a bodies of a complex shape it is necessary to consider small pieces and add up forces.

Earth and the Sun may be considered as point masses. The mass of Earth is about   the mass of the Sun is about and the distance is about So the force is

This is the answer.

How would William Henry Harrison have answered Tecumseh's claim that the Indians had no right to sell the land?

In his conference with Harrison at a council in Vincennes (located in modern Indiana) Tecumseh claimed that the Treaty of Fort Laramie of 1809, which sold large swaths of land to the United States, was invalid because not all of the Native peoples affected by the treaty had agreed to the sale. "Any sale," he said, "not made by all is not valid." Tecumseh's speech to Harrison is very famous, and while there are few published accounts of Harrison's response, we do know more or less how he responded. He said, simply, that Indians were not one people, and that different Indian tribes were entitled to sell land to the United States of their own volition. He also disputed the Shawnee's claims to the land (they were relatively recent arrivals in the region) and essentially discredited the pan-Indian movement that Tecumseh was attempting to forge. The talks ended with mutual insults and near violence. 

Explain one positive effect and one negative effect of the Columbian Exchange.

The exchange of germs between the Old World and New World after Columbus would have to be considered the most negative of effects. Europeans brought diseases like syphilis and Chagas disease back to the Old World. These diseases were minor irritants compared to the devastating effect of European pathogens on the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Europeans, who were used to living in densely populated areas, had developed somewhat of an immunity to the diseases of smallpox, measles, malaria and influenza. When these germs were introduced to a new population of people in the New World, epidemics were born. The spread of disease in the New World had a major demographic impact on the native populations in a negative way.

The exchange of foods between the continents, while benefiting both sides, had greater benefit for Europeans. The introduction of maize, potatoes and yam to the Old World increased food supplies. The surplus of food allowed for the population expansion that was necessary to colonize the New World in the future.

Write the partial fraction decomposition of the rational expression. Check your result algebraically.

Let's factorize the denominator,

Let 

 

Now,

Equating the coefficients of like terms,

     --- equation 1

   ------ equation 2

     ------ equation 3

   ----- equation 4

Now we have to solve the above four equations to find the solutions of A,B,C and D.

Rewrite equation 1 ,

Substitute above in equation 3,

Rewrite equation 2 as,

Substitute the above in equation 4,

 

Plug the values of C in equation 3 ,

    ------ equation 5

Plug the value of D in equation 4,

        ---- equation 6

Solve equations 5 and 6 to find the solutions of A and B,

Add the equations 5 and 6.

 

Plug the value of B in equation 5,

How has Hamlet lived up to his reputation of being a madman in Shakespeare's Hamlet?

First, it is important to remember that Prince Hamlet has intentionally created his reputation of insanity.  In Act 1 after the ghost of his father places the unsavory obligation on Hamlet to "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder," Hamlet quickly realizes that he will need to create a diversion to cover up his investigation and his revenge plot against his uncle, King Claudius.

Shakespeare's contemporaries would have understood the gravity of Hamlet's decision.  After all, up through 1601, when Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, and beyond, the mentally ill were still generally put to death via various methods of torture designed to drive the devil out.  At best they might be committed to an insane asylum, such as Bedlam in London.  Yet Hamlet very determinedly spreads his own rumor of madness by at first giving up "all custom of exercise," and failing to attend to  his personal appearance.  He boldly enters Ophelia's chambers in castle Elsinor (something a man just didn't do) and proceeds to put on a show of dishevelment and sorrowful madness.  He knows full well that she will tell the groveling Polonius, who blathers to the king and queen that Hamlet is "mad for love."  Hamlet also makes intentionally snarky comments to others under the guise of insanity, such as in Act 2 when he tells Polonius he wishes the counselor was as honest as a fishmonger.  

Yet Hamlet's feigned insanity quickly escalates beyond mere puns and games in Act 3 when he can barely contain himself during "The Mousetrap," making rude sexual comments to Ophelia and blurting out spoilers about the murder plot.  By the time he kills Polonius in his mother's chambers with little remorse, he is clearly no longer in control of his pretense.  As he tells Gertrude, when one puts on a fake behavior, "That monster, custom, who all sense doth eat, / ...can change the stamp of nature."  Hamlet has put on a frock of madness that he seems unable to throw off.  

After he hides Polonius' body and runs about the castle pretending to play children's games with the guards, there is no longer doubt in Dane's mind that the prince is truly a madman. His own mother is unable to believe his insistence to her that he is sane.  No wonder it is so easy for Claudius to convince his court that he is sending Hamlet to England to "protect" him, considering the consequences for madmen during that time.  Ultimately, Hamlet lives up to his reputation of being a madman by violently committing his revenge on Claudius in front of an uninformed audience. The only one left to vouch for the fallen prince is Horatio, who is not even a Dane.

What is Miss Brill's self-image and what attitude does she have towards herself?

Miss Brill sees herself as having a part in the Sunday concerts that she attends. Further, she is not realistic about herself as she engages in interior monologue.

Miss Brill feels that she is an integral part of the audience because

[S[he had become really quite expert, she thought, at listening as though she didn't listen, at sitting in other people's lives just for a minute while they talked round her.

Perceiving many of the audience and herself as actually actors in the "play" which she envisions, Miss Brill also ironically detects her own qualities in those who are of her age group. When she views the people who sit on the benches and green chairs, she remarks to herself that they are

...odd, silent, nearly all old, and...they stared as though they'd just come from dark little rooms or even--even cupboards.

When the band plays, her emotions accompany them and she feels "something beautiful," something the audience understands, although what it is that they understand, she can only imagine.

With the arrival of the young lovers, the illusions of Miss Brill are destroyed as she overhears  the cruel remarks from the young couple. Afterwards, she feels that the delight and magic of the concert are gone, and she trudges home with a defeated spirit. Whereas on Sundays she normally stops at the baker's, this day she avoids it and climbs her stairs,

...enters her dark room--her room like a cupboard-- and sits upon her red elderdown. She places her necklet of which she has been so fond quickly in its box without looking at it.

The spell of the concerts has been broken for Miss Brill. Now, she imagines that she hears crying as she replaces the lid on the box containing her little anachronistic fur piece which holds no illusion for her.

What are the name of three animal organelles?

Organelle are structures within cells that have specialized functions. Some of the key organelle in an animal cell are nucleus, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, cell membrane, endoplasmic recticulum, centrioles, etc. 

The nucleus can be thought of as the center of all the operations, since this organelle controls the functions of pretty much all the other organelle. Cell membrane controls the traffic between the cell interior and the external environment. Since the cell is incapable of producing all the required molecules, some molecules have to be allowed entry into the cell. If all the molecules were allowed easy access, cell will not survive and hence this membrane is selectively permeable, that is acts as barrier to a large number of molecules. The endoplasmic recticulum has the primary function of folding of protein molecules and their transport to golgi apparatus.

Hope this helps. 

In December 2009, world leaders met in Copenhagen, Denmark, and reached a new agreement on GHG emissions. Prime Minister Stephen Harper of...

One of the largest limitations on the agreement is it is not legally binding on any of the countries that took part in it.  This was an attempt to continue to address the development of global warming, which is an increase in temperature world-wide.  One would think an attempt would be made to which all parties involved would at least swear legally to uphold.  Another limitation worthy of noting was there were only five countries that upheld the agreement.  We are in a day and age where there are certainly more than five major players on the world scene, players that contribute to the aggregate buildup of greenhouse gases that promote global warming. A third limitation that would impend the success of the agreement was there were no clear targets or mechanisms established to achieve the goal in mind, that being to reduce global warming.  An agreement on the world stage of this type would, at the very least, identify specific ways or ideas related to the overlapping theme of reducing the things that cause the phenomenon known as global warming.

On what page of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird does Dill say the following lines: Let's go down to the courthouse and see the room they...

The quote in question is actually only said by Dill in the film version of To Kill a Mockingbird, directed by Robet Mulligan in 1962. In Harper Lee's actual book, Dill is only obsessed with wanting to see what Arthur (Boo) Radley looks like, not with the sordid rumors of his past.

Author Harper Lee begins to depict Dill's obsession with Arthur Radley in the very first chapter. Dill begins hugging the lamppost just outside the Radley gate, standing there and staring at the property, wondering. The more Jem and Scout tell Dill about Arthur, the more Dill hugs the lamppost, wondering. At one point Jem makes up myths about Arthur's appearance, such as Arthur being "six-and-a-half feet tall" and having a "jagged scar that ran across his face." It's at this point that Dill articulates exactly what he has been wondering as he hugs the lamppost and stares:

Let's try to make him come out ... I'd like to see what he looks like. (Ch. 1)

Dill's desire to see what Arthur looks like leads him and Jem to make up the game mocking Arthur's life based on rumors, as well as to the adventure of Dill and Jem trying to get a glimpse of Arthur through a window, which leads to shots being fired and Jem losing his pants.

However, by the next summer, Scout tells Dill the story of Arthur leaving gifts for the children in the knothole of an oak tree on the Radley lot, and Dill loses all interest in his obsession with Boo Radley. The obsession is replaced with the intrigue of Tom Robinson's trial.

In The Glass Menagerie what does Amanda ask Tom to do?

In scene 4 of the play The Glass Menagerie Amanda Wingfield asks her son, Tom, to look in his workplace (the warehouse) for a potential beau for her socially awkward daughter, Laura. 

There is a lot of background to this. Amanda, who was left by her husband years ago, has lived with her son and daughter in a small apartment. While Tom does what he can at the warehouse to support his mother and sister, he is also very frustrated at his current situation.

Amanda is equally frustrated. Being an naturally eccentric woman who still hangs on to her Southern belle past, she looks up to her children only to realize, slowly, that none of the two has amounted to much. Both of her children seem to be stunted and unable to grow into productive adults. Tom works at the warehouse but is restless, unhappy, and drinks a lot. Laura stays home all day playing old records in her phonograph and tending to her glass menagerie.

Amanda is concerned mostly about Laura and her inability to go out into the world. Moreover, who, but a husband, could take care of Laura? Amanda is an older woman. The only other option would be Tom. Is he up for that task? 

Regardless of the fact that she is asking Tom to find someone for Laura, Amanda still has specific requirements:

AMANDA: Find out one that's clean-living - doesn't drink and - ask him out for sister!

TOM: What?

AMANDA: For sister! To meet! Get acquainted.

Tom is aggravated by the idea but manages to get Jim to visit the house. Jim's visit will be the pivotal part of the play where truths are finally told, and Tom's destiny is decided for good. 

What are some interest groups in the United States?

There are many interest groups in the United States. These groups represent people who have strong views on various topics. These topics include gun control, Social Security, conservation, and civil rights just to name a few of the topics they represent.

The American Association of Retired Persons, or AARP for short, represents senior citizens and their needs. They will lobby Congress to keep funding Social Security and Medicare so these programs will continue to be available to their members.

The National Rifle Association is a very strong interest group that represents those who favor ownership of guns. This group will lobby lawmakers to prevent passage of laws that restrict people’s rights to own and to purchase guns. They are strong supporters of the second amendment that guarantees our citizens the right to bear arms.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, known as the NAACP, works to ensure civil rights for all people. Through the use of the courts, the NAACP made many accomplishments in civil rights in the 1950s and 1960s. The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 are examples of successful legislation protecting civil rights. This group remains active today.

The Sierra Club is a special interest group that promotes issues dealing with conservation. This group will promote policies and support bills that protect our wildlife, our natural resources, and our environment.

To see a complete listing of special interest groups see the reference link below.

Special interest groups are a very important part of our political system. They also play a big role in the dialogue surrounding some of the main issues our country faces today. These groups are generally well funded and very passionate about their cause.

What are some of Andrew Jackson's legacies?

Andrew Jackson has several legacies. He is known for his big victory over the British in 1815 in the Battle of New Orleans in the War of 1812. Even though the war had already ended, news traveled slowly back then so nobody in the area knew the war with Great Britain was already over.

Andrew Jackson is also known for implementing the spoils system. This system allows a victorious candidate to give his political supporters government jobs. Andrew Jackson used this system to break the hold the upper class had on government jobs.

Andrew Jackson is also known for his harsh treatment of the Native Americans. He believed the Native Americans were holding back American progress and wanted them moved to the land west of the Mississippi River. As a result, the Native Americans were forced to relocate. This forced movement was called the Trail of Tears. Many Native Americans died as a result of this forced relocation. This disrupted their way of life significantly. Andrew Jackson even defied a Supreme Court order that allowed the Cherokee tribe to remain in Georgia. Andrew Jackson really disliked the Native Americans.

Andrew Jackson is known for many things in his life. Some are positive while some are negative.

Find the principal solutions of the equation tan x = -1/√3

Isolate angle x.

Using a calculator to compute, it yields a value:

Since it states to find the principal solution of the given equation, it restricts the values of the angle from to . To determine the values of x in this interval, take note that tangent has negative values in Quadrants II and IV. 

So to get the equivalent values of x in that interval, add to the quadrantal angles on the horizontal axis.

Therefore, the principal solutions of the equation    are   .

What quote from Lord of the Flies shows that Ralph's government was focused on looking after the littluns?

In Chapter 4, the littluns are given a fairly lengthy description. This first quote shows how the littluns obeyed and respected Ralph as an adult authority figure: 

They obeyed the summons of the conch, partly because Ralph blew it, and he was big enough to be a link with the adult world of authority; and partly because they enjoyed the entertainment of the assemblies. But otherwise they seldom bothered with the biguns and their passionately emotional and corporate life was their own. 

They were not very useful with building or hunting. They were often eating, playing, or crying. So, they spent most of the time in their own world. But Ralph and other reasonable boys like Piggy are concerned for their welfare. 

In Chapter 5, Ralph calls an assembly to settle the matter on what the "fear" is. Ralph wants them to address the fear for the sake of the littluns and the older boys. When the littluns begin to cry in unity, Maurice makes them laugh to forget their fear: 

Maurice saved them. He cried out. “Look at me!” He pretended to fall over. He rubbed his rump and sat on the twister so that he fell in the grass. He downed badly; but Percival and the others noticed and sniffed and laughed. Presently they were all laughing so absurdly that the biguns joined in. 

It is mostly Ralph, Piggy, Simon, and Maurice (in this last instance) who show concern for the littluns. Maurice is acting in this spirit of concern for the littluns. In Chapter 6, Ralph and Jack argue over them. Ralph shows concern and Jack could care less: 

“Let’s be moving,” said Jack relentlessly, “we’re wasting time.”

“No we’re not. What about the littluns?”

“Sucks to the littluns!”

“Someone’s got to look after them.”

“Nobody has so far.”

“There was no need! Now there is. Piggy’ll look after them.” 

In Chapter 7, the boys go to investigate the cliff, leaving Piggy with the littluns. Again, Ralph is the one who shows concern for them and Piggy. Jack dismisses this concern and continues to voice his annoyance and hate for Piggy: 

By now, Ralph had no self-consciousness in public thinking but would treat the day’s decisions as though he were playing chess. The only trouble was that he would never be a very good chess player. He thought of the littluns and Piggy. Vividly he imagined Piggy by himself, huddled in a shelter that was silent except for the sounds of nightmare. 

The concern for the littluns comes largely from Ralph's leadership and the concern of considerate boys like Piggy and Simon. 

When 3 litres of oil is removed from an upright cylindrical can, the level falls by 10 cm. Find the radius of the can.

Hello!

Denote the radius of a can in cm as

Removed oil had the shape of a disk (upright circular cylinder). Its height is given, its volume is also given. The relation between them is

so

This is the answer.

What are the fears of the caged bird? Answer with reference to Maya Angelou's poem "Caged Bird."

The "caged bird" stands for none other than the oppressed blacks. Devoid of liberty and basic human rights, the blacks have led hellish lives, full of pains and sufferings, for centuries. Its song of freedom demonstrates the rage and optimism of the blacks that toughen them to endure.

Although the caged bird “sings of freedom,” she sings “with a fearful trill.”

The dream of liberty has been seen by the blacks for ages. The poet’s uncountable ancestors have spent their whole lives hoping to see the light of freedom. This discomforting sense of undergoing persecution for years is well evoked in the following lines:

But a caged bird stands on the grave of dreams   

his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream   

The blacks' dream of liberty is very old. Despite their continued struggle, they have suffered defeat and frustrations repeatedly.

Thus, the caged bird’s fear is about the uncertainty of achieving freedom in the future. Its fears reflect those of the blacks who no more wish to go through the pains of racism, discrimination and bestial treatment at the hands of the whites. The blacks are scared of the darkness hanging over the lives of their offspring.

The word “nightmare” is suggestive of the blacks’ unspeakable suffering and “scream” reflects their expression of agony.

What happened in "The Signal-Man" after the appearance of the ghost?

In "The Signal-Man," the ghost appears on three separate occasions, two of which are followed by terrible accidents on the line. After this, the story begins: the narrator meets the signalman and follows him down to his signal box. After some confusion over his identity, the signalman confesses to the narrator that he has lately experienced some strange events and the pair agree to meet the next night so that the signalman might relate his tale.

The next night is, therefore, filled with anticipation. The pair sit around the fire and the signalman tells the narrator about the ghostly appearances. Initially, the narrator is very sceptical and dwells on practical explanations of these supernatural occurrences, like a disorder of the eye:

I showed him how that this figure must be a deception of his sense of sight; and how that figures, originating in disease of the delicate nerves that minister to the functions of the eye, were known to have often troubled patients.

But the signalman's distress is so evident that the narrator begins to realise that he is telling the truth:

His pain of mind was most pitiable to see. It was the mental torture of a conscientious man, oppressed beyond endurance by an unintelligible responsibility involving life.

This meeting closes with the narrator's resolution to prove the signalman's state of mind by involving a highly-respected doctor. The pair then bid each other goodnight, on the agreement that they will meet again the next day.

When the narrator makes his way to the signal box, the next evening, he is surprised to find a group of men assembled down below. He is gripped by the "irresistible sense" that something is wrong and begins to question the men to find out what has happened. In a tragic twist of events, the narrator is horrified to learn that the signalman has been killed and this prompts the realisation that the ghostly apparitions were, in fact, a premonition of the signalman's own demise. He also learns that the only witness to the event had uttered the very same words that the narrator had once said to the signalman:

"Below there! Look out! Look out! For God’s sake, clear the way!”

Is wood an element, compound, or mixture?

Substances can be classified as either element, compound or mixtures. Elements are the purest form of substances, since they contain only one type of atoms. Examples of elements include, iron, silver, gold, copper, etc. Compounds are formed when two or more elements combine in a fixed ratio, in such a manner that the final product has different properties than its individual components. An example of a compound is water (H2O) which is formed by combination of hydrogen and oxygen in a fixed 2:1 ratio. Mixtures are formed by a combination of two or more elements or compounds in a non-specific ratio. 

Wood is a mixture and consists of various components such as lignin, cellulose, etc. The relative concentration of these components is not fixed and hence wood can be classified as a mixture. In fact, wood can be termed a heterogeneous mixture.

Hope this helps. 

Why is the emergency relocation plan a miracle for Paul?

The relocation plan was a godsend for Paul because it allows him to play soccer again.  Paul, a middle schooler, is a new student at a school in Florida and initially is not permitted to play soccer at his new school because of his disability (he is legally blind.)  When the family is forced to transfer to Tangerine, his mother agrees not to fill out the paperwork for his disability.  This affords Paul the opportunity to play the sport that he excels at.  It also allows the introverted middle schooler to feel that he has a sense of worth again.  Paul seems to live under the considerable shadow that has been cast by his older brother Erik who excels as a placekicker in football.  The move is also important for Paul because he meets new people and forges new friendships, giving him a sense of belonging that he has never experienced.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what sound shattered the neighborhood?

The sound of Nathan Radley’s shotgun going off “shattered” the calm of the neighborhood the night he finds someone in his yard. Jem sneaks into the Radley yard to see if he can peek through the back porch window and see Boo. Dill is on lookout on the other side of the fence.  As Jem is starting to peek through the window, he sees a shadow go across the back porch wall. Jem runs and Nathan Radley shoots his gun in the air to scare the intruder.  In his haste to get over the Radley fence, Jem catches his pants on the wire and has to take them off to escape.  Nathan Radley doesn’t know who is in his yard; however, he will protect his property.  The noise brings out the neighborhood that has its own speculations on who is trespassing. Miss Stephanie is sure it was a Negro, showing her prejudice in assuming it was a black person who committed the crime. 

When the excitement is over in the neighborhood, Jem has to explain to Atticus why he doesn’t have any pants on.  Dill lies for Jem and tells Atticus that Jem lost them in a game of strip poker.  Later that night, Jem retrieves his neatly mended pants left for him (by Boo) on the fence.

How is Scrooge portrayed as an outsider in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol?

Before his character is reformed, Scrooge is portrayed as cold-hearted and miserly man who values money over friendship. As such, we see evidence of his status as a social outcast and outsider in the first stave (or chapter) of the story. In the opening paragraphs, for example, Dickens' writes that Scrooge is as "solitary as an oyster" and that he very little to do with the rest of society:

"Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, My dear Scrooge, how are you...No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o'clock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge."

Dickens also states that Scrooge spent all of his days in his counting-house. He never visits other people and he even turns down his nephew's request to spend Christmas Day together. 

Later, when visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present, some of the images shown to him demonstrate his status as an outsider. At Fred's house, for example, the game of Yes and No shows how little he is valued by other people. They compare Scrooge to a "disagreeable" and "savage animal" because they cannot relate to him as a fellow human. Similarly, at Old Joe's Shop, in stave four, the women find it morally easy to steal Scrooge's possessions and sell them. Again, these women cannot relate to Scrooge because his values and character are so different to their own. His material focus and emphasis on wealth alienated him and made him stand out:

"Every person has a right to take care of themselves. He always did!"

"Why wasn't he natural in his lifetime? If he had been, he'd have had somebody to look after him when he was struck with Death, instead of lying gasping out his last there, alone by himself."

It is only when Scrooge is redeemed, in the fifth stave, that he loses his outsider status. By reconnecting with people like Fred and Tiny Tim, he becomes a well-liked and respected member of society. 

I'm not sure what to use as a moral for my fairy tale so please can I have some ideas?

Among the elements of fairy tales such as that they include magical elements and a good versus evil theme is the fact that they often teach some sort of lesson or contain a moral. When writing an original fairy tale, start with a traditional moral that you might find in one of the classic fairy tales. For example, one could write an original fairy tale using the moral from "Little Red Riding Hood" which could be to never take advise from strangers. Other fairy tale morals that could be used to write an original tale include "Never make promises you can't keep," "Be true to yourself," "Always build on a solid foundation," or "Do not always believe others, think for yourself." Most fairy tales as stated, have a theme of good versus evil so one other moral that most fairy tales include in general is that "In the end, good will always win out over evil."

How does the Biosphere interact with the Lithosphere?

Biosphere is composed of all the living organisms, including, plants, animals, etc. Biosphere is one among the four spheres of Earth, the others being, atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. Lithosphere is the hard outer coating of the planet, the place where all the animals live and all the plants grow. Lithosphere is composed of rocks, soil and minerals. All the spheres are interconnected to each other. The components of biosphere, that is, animals, plants, etc. live on lithosphere and obtain their nutrients from this shell and carry out life processes on this sphere. When these animals and plants die, their bodies decompose and contribute to the lithosphere. The minerals and nutrients, thus released form a part of lithosphere. Thus, biosphere is dependent on lithosphere for survival and lithosphere is dependent on biosphere for renewal.

Hope this helps. 

What are several geographic details that help establish the setting in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne?

The setting in a novel always has to do with two specific elements:  setting of time and setting of place.  The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is no exception, as it is set in a very specific place and time: Nazi-occupied Poland in the 1940s.  There are several geographic details that confirm this.  First, we know from Bruno's comments that he is upset at being moved from Berlin.  However, because Bruno's father is a Nazi commandant who is stationed to help control the Polish Jews in the new concentration camp called Auschwitz, the family had to move.  The most important geographic detail is that Bruno can see the prisoners of "Out-With" (Auschwitz) from his house.  This proves that Bruno now lives in Nazi-occupied Poland, where Auschwitz is located.  After the Nazis invaded Poland, they considered Poland to be a part of the Nazi empire.  This detail is furthered by the exact position of Bruno's home in relation to the concentration camp.  Bruno's home is not simply in the same town, but is within viewing distance from his house.  This is what allows Bruno to see the "farmers" in the "striped pajamas" who are "peeling potatoes."  Therefore, in this case, geographical details reveal not only the general place (Poland occupied by the Nazis) but the specific place (a home adjacent to Auschwitz).  

How does Harper Lee structure the first eight chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird to create mystery and/or suspense?

When we analyze a narrative, or story, for structure, we are looking at the basic elements needed to tell a story. Those basic elements are setting, characters, conflict, actions, and resolution. If we look only at Harper Lee's first eight chapters of To Kill a Mockingbird, we see that the first conflict in the story emerges, which is the children's struggle to accept and understand their neighbor Arthur (Boo) Radley. We can call this a character vs. character conflict. As Lee develops this conflict, she surrounds Arthur Radley with an air of mystery and suspense by using other characters to relay rumored stories about Arthur and by using actions.

One of the key characters who helps develop the suspense surrounding Arthur Radley is Miss Stephanie Crawford, since it is only through Miss Stephanie that the children learn anything about Arthur such as of his arrest in his youth while hanging out with the "wrong crowd," of the rumor he stabbed his father with scissors later in life, and of his house arrest (Ch. 1). But, it is important to note that the children have not learned about Arthur from a reliable source as Miss Stephanie is recognized to be a major gossip and "neighborhood scold"; information coming from gossips and scolds is rarely reliable. Therefore, neither the children nor the reader truly know the history of Arthur Radley or of the reasons why he stays in his house. Hence, Miss Stephanie's disinformation creates suspense not only because it characterizes Arthur as an insane and dangerous individual but also because the reader can tell it is not reliable information; suspense is created when truth is not fully known.

In the first eight chapters, actions create even more suspense than characters, especially actions the children are involved in. Because the children say things and do things to show they are frightened of Arthur, the reader feels frightened of him too within these early chapters. One of the most important actions that feeds fright is Jem's response at the end of Chapter 6 to finding his pants. In this chapter, Jem and Dill, followed by a reluctant Scout, decide to sneak onto the Radleys' property at night to try and get a glimpse of Arthur through a window. When shots ring out, they must flee for their lives, and Jem gets his pants caught on the barbed wire fence, forcing him to abandon them in order to escape. However, Jem decides he must return for them at 2 o'clock in the morning in order to prevent Atticus from discovering their misdeed. When Jem goes back to the fence, he finds his pants lying neatly folded on the fence and having had been mended by someone without any mending skills. While the gesture of mending and folding Jem's pants is obviously a benevolent gesture, Jem is frightened by the experience, which leaves the reader feeling frightened too. We are first able to tell that Jem is frightened because, after he returns with his pants, Scout describes him as laying down on his cot and "trembling" for a long time (Ch. 6). Later, in Chapter 7, Jem relays to Scout for the first time the story of the condition he found his pants in and of what he felt at the moment:

It's almost like-- ... Like somebody was readin' my mind ... like somebody could tell what I was gonna do. Can't anybody tell what I'm gonna do lest they know me, can they, Scout? (Ch. 7)

Jem's reflection shows that he feels like he has been being spied upon and most likely being spied upon by Arthur Radley. The idea that Arthur is spying on the children, which obviously frightens the children, frightens the reader, thereby creating suspense.

What does Aunt Alexandra's obsession with heredity symbolize?

Aunt Alexandra's obsession with heredity symbolizes the deep rooted prejudiced beliefs shared by certain community members of Maycomb. Her views represent the old-fashioned, traditional Southern ideology that acknowledges and judges people based on their social status. She is quick to discriminate against an individual or family of a lower social class because she believes that her elite family heritage makes her better than others. These views symbolize the root of Maycomb's social issues and the community's inclination to encourage inequality and injustice. Aunt Alexandra argues with her brother Atticus over defending Tom Robinson. She even tells her grandson, Francis, that Atticus is "shaming" the family. Rather than judging people based on their character, accomplishments, and merit, Alexandra chooses to judge them based on their family's social status. Her beliefs contrast greatly with Atticus' views of equality and correspond with Maycomb's prejudiced nature.

How do you think Steinbeck uses Candy in Of Mice and Men to convey important ideas about society at that time?

Candy, the old, one-handed ranch hand, has outlived his usefulness, according to the standards of the time, with little government assistance and even less social interest, in those who have been handicapped in a physical way. In a time when the Great Depression has made everyone vulnerable, not just those who are “weak” or marginalized, Candy does not have a chance of self-support beyond the most menial labor. He is viewed as extraneous, just waiting to die. His dog becomes a parallel of him, though, unlike Candy, the dog is “put out of its misery” once he becomes a burden to the society of the ranch house. Also paralleling, Lennie (who is also shot to “put him out of his misery”), becomes a drag on George, even though he has made himself responsible for the mentally-handicapped man and thus choosing the time when it is best that Lennie be dead.

Candy, as well as the dog and Lennie, give a picture of society as Steinbeck sees it, when a government that has made itself responsible for the  safety of the nation also has the responsibility to care for its most vulnerable citizens. This failure to do so (as seen in the very existence of the Great Depression) has made human life of less value unless it can contribute in a “meaningful” way.

What are some connotations of "The Tyger" by William Blake?

William Blake was a metaphysical poet, meaning that his poems often held connotations about the deeper questions of life and the meaning of existence. I like that you have have asked about "connotations" in plural form, for a poem or any piece of literature can have multiple connotations. A connotation is the deeper meaning the reader takes from the work; it does not have to reflect the connotation the writer hoped to impart--as long as it is based on an accurate reading of the text. 

To draw connotations from "The Tyger," it's helpful to compare it to its matching poem. Blake wrote "Songs of Innocence" and "Songs of Experience," two collections of poetry that demonstrated his belief that "without contraries is no progression." Often two separate poems will have the same title, such as "The Chimney Sweeper" or "Holy Thursday." Such pairings represent contrasting views of the same subject, the first viewed from the perspective of "innocence" and the second viewed from the perspective of "experience." "The Tyger" is a song of experience, while its contrary is "The Lamb," a song of innocence. 

"The Lamb" presents the soft side of God and His loving kindness. "The Tyger" shows a Creator who has made a dangerous, ferocious beast and questions, "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" The tiger is described as possessing "fearful symmetry" with a brain filled with "deadly terrors." It can be taken as the representation of cruelty and violence, or, in a word, Evil. The question the poem poses, then, is: Did God create Evil? If not, where did it come from? If he did, then perhaps we need to rethink who God is. Thus, one connotation is that as a person matures and grapples with the reality of evil in the world, he or she begins to question his or her childhood faith in God.

However, those who hold to an orthodox Christian worldview can find a different connotation in the poem. Christians are very comfortable with the way "The Lamb" presents God, noting that "He is called by thy name," meaning that Jesus Christ was known as "the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world" (John 1:29). But the Bible also teaches that "our God is a consuming fire" (Hebrews 12:29). In Romans 11:22, the Apostle Paul urges Christians to "consider therefore the kindness and sternness of God." Christians see in these two poems a validation of those two sides of God, and they find their faith strengthened rather than weakened by the comparison. 

Removing the question of religion, one could also take as a connotation the idea of maturing or gaining experience. An adult needs to be aware of the dangers of the world and leave naive notions of the innate goodness of mankind and the world behind. This would support the view of Naturalism: that a cruel and uncaring natural world over which one has no control wields great, even ultimate, power in this life. 

The penetrating questions posed by "The Tyger" have intrigued thoughtful people for over two centuries, encouraging us to explore the topics of God, Nature, good, and Evil.

What does Papa demand the children swear to?

Papa makes the children swear that they will not go near the Wallace store.

In Mildred Taylor's Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry, set in rural Mississippi in 1933, racial inequities and violations are flagrant. That even the children are subjected to gratuitous insults is evinced in the opening chapter as the Logan children are dirtied by a speeding white school bus that splatters them when it races past.

But, much worse is a tale told at church in Chapter 2 about the burning of John Henry Berry, who had the bad luck of going to a store in a town called Strawberry where he bought gas. Sadly for him, there were some drunken white men who have been told by a woman named Sallie Ann that John Henry "flirted with her." Frightened, John Henry and his brother left without buying any gas and drove as quickly as they could, but the other men followed them to their uncle's house where they had to pull in because they not did have enough gas to make it home. However, the white men pursued them and rushed in, dragging John Henry and his brother Beacon outside; the uncle ran out to help them but all three were set on fire.

After Papa hears this horrific story, along with hearing about some lynchings, he forbids the children to go near the white-owned Wallace store. Furthermore, he even makes the children swear that they will not go near this store:

"We don't want y'all going to that place. Children going there are gonna get themselves in a whole lot of trouble one day. There's drinking up there and I don't like it--and I don't like them Wallaces either. If I ever find out y'all been up there, for any reason, I'm gonna wear y'all out. Y'all hear me?"

Christopher-John replies "Yessir, Papa," and the others join in.

In The Pigman by Paul Zindel, what does John write on the table?

In the first chapter of Paul Zindel's The Pigman, John is the narrator and he is typing on a typewriter in the school's library. He introduces himself by giving examples of rebellious things that he has done in school. The first example is being the Bathroom Bomber. He claims to have set off twenty-three bathroom bombs, but now he is bored with that. His next high school claim to fame is organizing what he calls "fruit rolls." This is when he gets every kid to buy an old apple at lunch on Wednesdays to roll at substitute teachers during the next class period. Ironically, he says the following right before writing on the desk before him:

"But I gave up all that kid stuff now that I'm a sophomore. The only thing I do now that is faintly criminal is write on desks. Like right this minute I feel like writing something on the nice polished table here. . ." (6).

John does a lot worse than writing on desks for sure. He's a liar, smoker, drinker, partier, and a swindler. The way he and Lorraine get to know Mr. Pignati is because he cons the poor man out of $10.00 by claiming he and Lorraine work for charity. On the other hand, John is also a pretty funny guy and he writes the following on the library desk:

"HELP ME!!! A rotten science teacher has given me a drug to change me into a teeny weeny mosquito. . . Please help me. . . Please help me" (6).

How did the leadership of the colonial forces help them to victory?

The leadership of our colonial forces was a key factor in helping the colonists defeat Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. George Washington was a brilliant and a skilled leader. He always remained calm and made the most with what he had to work. He developed a good strategy and wasn’t afraid to adjust his plans if needed. When the British fleet went to Yorktown, Washington adjusted his plans to move our army there. He worked together with the commander of the French fleet to seal the entrance to Chesapeake Bay trapping the British fleet.

George Washington also avoided making foolish mistakes. Unlike the British commanders who didn’t follow the British plans, such as General Howe going to Philadelphia instead of Albany, General Washington developed plans that his soldiers could execute. Washington also didn’t travel with unneeded items like General Burgoyne of the British did. By avoiding these mistakes, Washington was able to make the best use of his soldiers and the resources that were available to him.

Washington had capable generals and military men who worked with him and who won important battles. Nathanael Greene won important battles in the South. George Rogers Clark won important battles in the West that helped us get control of the Ohio Valley.

The skilled leadership of our military leaders, especially that of George Washington, was a critical factor in helping the colonists defeat Great Britain in the Revolutionary War.

What passages in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird show how Burris Ewell is "othered"?

While it is true that Burris Ewell is "othered" in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, meaning treated like a social outcast, it is also true that he and his family members draw such social rejections to themselves because they behave like social outsiders, meaning that they act contrary to the ways accepted by society.

One way in which they behave like social outsiders is by rejecting the notion of bathing regularly, which is very unhealthy. In Chapter 3, Miss Caroline, Scout's first-grade teacher, notices that Burris has hair lice, and Scout narrates that "he was the filthiest human [she] had ever seen." But, more importantly, when Miss Caroline instructs him on how to get rid of his hair lice and tells him to bathe before he returns to school, Burris rejects her instructions and even "laughed rudely."

Another way in which the Ewells behave as social outsiders is by refusing to be educated. All Ewells show up for school on the first day of the year just to get the "truant lady" off of their cases, who "threatens 'em with the sheriff" if they don't attend the first day of school but then gives up on enforcing the law. The Ewells refuse to be educated because they refuse to see the value of education, but they would see the value if they wanted to be contributing members of society.

Anytime a character notices any of the above characteristics of Burris or the rest of the Ewells we can consider that character as treating Burris like an "other," but not without deserved cause. For example, when Burris begins showing his temper in class, Little Chuck Little treats Burris as an "other" by pointing out his temper is not to be trusted, as we see when he gives the following warning to Miss Caroline:

Let him go, ma'am ... He's a mean one, a hard-down mean one. He's liable to start somethin', and there's some little folks here. (Ch. 3)

It can also be said Atticus treats Burris, along with the rest of the Ewells, as an "other" by pointing out that not a single Ewell in multiple generations has ever worked, as Scout explains in her following narration:

Atticus said the Ewells had been the disgrace of Maycomb for three generations. None of them had done an honest day's work in his recollection. (Ch. 3)

According to Scout, Atticus even further "others" the Ewells by saying that they live "like animals"; yet, all of these comments about the Ewells arise because the Ewells behave like social outsiders and not like contributing members of society.