Use matricies to solve the system of equations. Use Gaussian elimination with back-substitution.

rsWe began by stating our equations as follows: 

3x - 2y = -27

x  + 3y = 13

(NB: Note that I wrote the values of the x variable below each other, values with the y variable below each other and the constants below each other. Also note that the sign before each number is also part of the variable.)

Now we will put the equations in matrix form:

Now swap Row 1 with Row 2: We want the numbers in the main diagonal to have the number '1':

In Gaussian elimination we want all values below the main diagonal to equal zero. Hence, we shall subtract 3 to Row 3:

Now we want the main diagonal to contain the number '1', hence we divide row 2 by -5: 

Now that we have the number 1 across the main diagonal and zero's below the main diagonal we can perform back substitution by substituting the value of y=6 into the first equation:

Therefore 

Lets double check our answers

In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, what pages depict loss of innocence?

In Chapter 19, Mr. Gilmer is questioning Tom Robinson, who is on the witness stand. Mr. Gilmer begins to patronize Tom Robinson by speaking to him disrespectfully. Mr. Gilmer repeatedly uses the term "boy" to address Tom Robinson. On page 265, Dill starts crying and Scout is forced to take him out of the courtroom. Dill explains to Scout why his is crying and says, "It ain't right, somehow it ain't right to do em' that way. Hasn't anybody got any business talkin' like that---it just makes me sick." (Lee 266) Dill loses his innocence after witnessing the unfair treatment of Tom Robinson on the witness stand. Dill notices the difference in the way Atticus questioned Mayella and how Mr. Gilmer addressed Tom.

In Chapter 21, Judge Taylor reads the verdict of the Tom Robinson case..."Guilty." Scout looks at Jem as the verdict is read and describes his reaction, "his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each "guilty" was a separate stab between them." (Lee 282) This is the precise moment that Jem loses his innocence. In the following chapter, Jem displays his feelings about the verdict of the case by saying, "It ain't right, Atticus." (Lee 285)

In Chapter 26, Miss Gates, Scout's teacher, is describing Hitler's persecution of the Jews. She makes the comment, "Over here we don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced." (Lee 329) On page 331, Scout tells Jem that she overheard Miss Gates say negative things about black people as she was leaving the courthouse. Scout asks the important question, "How can you hate Hitler so bad an' then turn around and be ugly about folks right at home?" (Lee 331) This question proves that Scout has lost her innocence because she recognizes Miss Gates' hypocrisy. Throughout the novel, Scout witnesses prejudice but does not elaborate on or question it. Following Miss Gates' explanation of how the Jews were persecuted, Scout has the insight to compare the similarities between the treatment of Jews, to the treatment of African Americans in her community.

How is the signal man killed, and what made this death disturbing in Charles Dickens's story "The Signalman"?

Ironically and tragically both, the signal-man is killed in the same manner as the man in his frightening vision, making his vision a ghostly premonition. That his premonition has been about himself is very disturbing.

Certainly, there is a Gothic setting to this disturbing story in which there is a tunnel

“...in whose massive architecture there was a barbarous, depressing, and forbidding air....So little sunlight ever found its way to this spot, that it had an earthy, deadly smell; and so much cold wind rushed through it...

From living such an isolated life, the signal-man's ghostly tale seems to be merely the imaginings of a man who lacks human company. Nevertheless, he repeatedly hears the bell and sees a specter near the Danger light. Tragically, despite the signal-man's cautionary and painstaking actions, he is "cut down" by a train, and it is, in fact, he who becomes the apparition that he has repeatedly seen.

To what extent did the idea of totalitarianism exist in Nazi Germany and in the Soviet Union under Stalin?

Totalitarianism is the complete control of the economic, political, and social aspects of a state by a single party or person. By its very definition, the government is brutally oppressive towards its subjects. In a totalitarian state, citizens are not permitted to have their own ideas or beliefs. The Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler are Exhibits A and B of the definition of totalitarianism. If you look up the word in the dictionary, you should see their pictures as illustrations. Both dictators utilized the same mechanism of control in their respective states.

To control the populations and to spread the message of the state, propaganda is a major weapon. The media is governed by the state and the free press is nonexistent. The dictators do not allow public discourse. Public opinion and dissent are crushed through a secret police force that routinely executes dissidents. The utilization of forced labor camps was utilized by both dictators as well. Millions of citizens in both countries were killed if they were suspected to be enemies of the state. Many died in the labor camps.

Indoctrination of the youth is also important to totalitarianism as schools are used to brainwash the children to accept the ideals of the state. Religion is also forbidden as the leader is more important than God. Church leaders were persecuted in both states.

Joseph Stalin

• 
  Secret Police--People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD)


• 
  Indoctrination--Komsomol


• 
  Propaganda--Glavilit


• 
  Prison Camps--Gulag

Adolf Hitler

• 
  Secret Police--Gestapo


• 
  Indoctrination--Hitler Youth


• 
  Propaganda--Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda


• 
  Prison camps--Concentration Camps

What does Scout Finch learn from her and Jem's experience with Mrs. Dubose?

Scout learns several important lessons throughout her experience with Mrs. Dubose. After Atticus punishes Jem, Scout is rather upset that her father is making him read to their racist neighbor alone. She has a discussion with Atticus about his decision to defend Tom Robinson where she says that he must be wrong. Atticus then explains why he is defending Tom despite the community's opposition. Throughout this conversation, Scout learns the importance of following one's conscience.

After Mrs. Dubose passes away, Atticus explains to his children that Jem's reading helped Mrs. Dubose beat her addiction to morphine. He then elaborates on Mrs. Dubose's courage and tells his children,

"I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what" (Lee 70).

Scout not only learns what 'real courage' is, but also gains perspective on the duality of human nature. From her experience with Mrs. Dubose, Scout learns that people can have both positive and negative qualities.

Determine the tone that Sinclair uses in regard to the two characters that are introduced in lines 21-25 of The Jungle?

In these lines, we are introduced to two central figures in the novel, Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus, Lithuanian immigrants who have just gotten married. Sinclair's tone toward them is kindly and sympathetic, and a bit condescending. He refers to Ona as "little," a first sign of the fragility that will make her life as a struggling immigrant difficult in the cruel, capitalist world of Chicago. She is young, fair, a teenager and described as "a mere child." Jurgis, in contrast, is big and burly, their pairing described as incongruous. Yet Sinclair raises our sympathy for these two, the shy, innocent bride in her short white veil, twisting her hands together in her new white gloves, the groom large and protective, able to hoist great weights of meat. Our sympathy flows out toward the bride, full of joy and gentleness, as well as to the groom, nervous and shy at his wedding, despite his tremendous physique. They are young innocents, not aware of how they are going to be exploited and ground up by the system. 

In Shakespeare's Macbeth, what is the first indication that all three parts of the witches' prophecy may come true?

The first indication is when Macbeth is informed by Ross that King Duncan had awarded him the title, Thane of Cawdor.

And, for an earnest of a greater honour,
He bade me, from him, call thee thane of Cawdor:
In which addition, hail, most worthy thane!
For it is thine. 

Macbeth was in disbelief and asked why Ross was greeting him in 'borrow'd robes' since the Thane of Cawdor was still alive. Ross then informs him:

Who was the thane lives yet;
But under heavy judgment bears that life
Which he deserves to lose. Whether he was combined
With those of Norway, or did line the rebel
With hidden help and vantage, or that with both
He labour'd in his country's wreck, I know not;
But treasons capital, confess'd and proved,
Have overthrown him.

In brief, Ross tells him that the thane of Cawdor lives but that a death sentence had been passed on him for his treason in assisting the king of Norway in his attack against Scotland. He had confessed to capital treason and it is this which cost him his title.

Macbeth, in an aside, sees the announcement as very favorable and believes that the greatest hurdle to his ambition to become king has been overcome. In his and Banquo's earlier meeting with the witches, the weird sisters had greeted him thus:

First Witch
All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, thane of Glamis!
Second Witch
All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor!
Third Witch
All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!

Since the first prediction had come true, Macbeth is confident that the others will also come to pass. He does indeed become king after he has murdered Duncan and his two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain flee to avoid becoming targets themselves. Their disappearance causes suspicion to fall on them for their father's murder. Since Macbeth is closest in line to the throne, being Duncan's cousin, the title is passed on to him and he is crowned at Scone.

Once Macbeth is crowned, he initiates a brutally murderous campaign against all who he suspects of being a threat to his power. He devolves into a bloodthirsty tyrant who spares no one until he is so steeped in blood that he himself realizes that there is no turning back.

In the end, it is his 'vaulting ambition' and gullible belief in the witches' prophecies that lead to his destruction.  

What does the princess do when the young man is in the arena, and what motive does she have for sending him to his death, or what motive does she...

In the arena, when the young man looks at the princess, she points to the right "without the slightest hesitation." Whether she points to the door with the fair maiden so he can be married and live, or to the door where the tiger waits to kill him is left up to the reader to decide.

Motive for the princess's sending the lover to the door with the tiger 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

• The princess is semi-barbaric and possessive of crueler urges and feelings than a civilized person. She also has "an imperious" nature.


• The princess knows the maiden that is behind the door, and she knows which door it is.

Often had she seen...this fair creature throwing glances of admiration upon the person of her lover, and sometimes she thought these glances were...even returned....she had seen them talking together.

• "With all the intensity of the savage blood transmitted to her" the princess hates the maiden.


• She has imagined his "rapturous delight as he opened the door of the lady" and she has "gnashed her teeth" and her soul has "burned in agony" as she hears the "wild ringing of the bells" and the multitude cheering.


• "Would it not be better for him to die at once, and go to wait for her in the blessed regions of semi-barbaric futurity"?


• No matter which door he chooses, the young man can never be hers again.

Motive for princess's sending the lover to the door with the maiden
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

• She loves the young man with great passion, and, therefore, may not want him to die.


• She may wish to foil her barbaric father who probably wants the young man killed by the tiger as part of his "great scheme of punishment.


• She may believe that the subjects of the king expect "a bloody slaughter" rather than "a hilarious wedding" because they perceive her as brutal since she is the daughter of the king. So, by letting her lover live, she can show her gentler, kinder nature.


• She has had nightmares of the "wild horror" when her lover chooses the door of the tiger.

Why does Hurtson insist that one becomes colored? What happened on that day to make her colored?

According to her essay, Hurston grew up in an all Negro town called Eatonville, Florida. The only white people she encountered were those who passed through her little community. She welcomed their visits because they appreciated her speech giving, singing, and dancing so much that they rewarded her with coins.

When she turned 13, Hurston was sent to boarding school in nearby Jacksonville. Hurston says in the essay "I left Eatonville, the town of oleanders, as Zora. When I disembarked from the river-boat in Jacksonville, she was no more. It seemed that I had suffered a sea change. I was not Zora of Orange County any more, I was now a little colored girl."

Hurston's quote suggests that in the all black community of Eatonville, race was something the residents did not care about or even discuss. In her hometown, Zora was viewed as an outgoing child of many talents. In the essay, Hurston writes, "They deplored any joyful tendencies in me, but I was their Zora nevertheless."

Jacksonville was a much larger community than Hurston's little country town. Born in 1891, Hurston would have arrived in her new home in 1904. Although it is not described explicitly in the essay, one can assume the city followed the common segregation practices of the Jim Crow era. Therefore, Zora became colored when how she was treated was determined by the color of her skin instead of the brightness of her character.

Did Baglioni know that the antidote would kill Beatrice?

It is unclear whether or not Baglioni knows that his antidote would kill Beatrice. On the one hand, when he sees her die after drinking it, he calls out "with horror," asking Dr. Rappaccini if his daughter's demise is the final outcome of his experiment. The fact that his voice contains anything like horror makes it sound as though the outcome was not exactly what he expected. Further, the narrator tells us that in the professional antagonism between Baglioni and Rappaccini, Rappaccini is the man believed to have the upper hand; in other words, Rappaccini may be the better scientist. Therefore, Baglioni simply might not be as smart as Rappaccini, and so the potion he prepared to be an antidote is simply incorrect.

On the other hand, when Baglioni calls out, his tone connotes "triumph" as well. If Baglioni is trying to make Rappaccini pay for besting him professionally, he might be inclined to resort to more personal means of revenge. If he is simply petty and vindictive, then it seems entirely plausible that he only wants to beat Rappaccini and he doesn't care how. In this case, then, he means to kill Beatrice as payback and to ruin the better scientist's most important experiment.

What are the differences between how African-American kids were treated during slavery and how white kids were treated during slavery? How can I...

There are some similarities and differences between African-American kids and white kids during slavery. The similarities are fairly basic. Both groups of kids had a desire to learn. If African-American kids would have been given the opportunity to learn during slavery, they would have done this. Many African-American kids dreamed of being able to go to school. Both kids enjoyed the playtime when the time allowed for it. Also, kids are kids. They go through similar stages of cognitive, emotional, and physical development.

There are far more differences between African-American kids and white kids during slavery. African-American kids were far more likely to be separated from their families. It was very common for slave families to be split. African-American kids were not allowed to go to school. They weren’t allowed to learn to read or to write. African-American kids were also working on the plantations doing various jobs while the white kids attended school or had private lessons. White kids were able to attend some social functions. African-American kids attended these functions only if they were working the event.

There were differences in how basic needs were met. African-American kids lived in basic shelters that often had no bathrooms or firm beds. They were fed the most basic of food. Some meat was occasionally served. Beans and other vegetables were commonly served. Many times the food was in short supply. White kids more often lived in nice houses, and had a wider variety of foods to eat. The African-American kids who were slaves on their plantation often served them. African-American kids had the skimpiest kind of clothing while white kids more frequently had nice clothes to wear.

There were far more differences than similarities when comparing African-American kids and white kids during slavery.

What is one use of onomatopoeia in the poem "Paul Revere's Ride?"

Two sections in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem "Paul Revere's Ride" contain onomatopoeia, or words that sound like the sound they describe. Both sections describe the sounds the country animals make as Revere rides past the villages and farmsteads. In this passage: "He heard the crowing of the cock, / And the barking of the farmer's dog," the words "crowing" and "barking" are words that sound like a rooster and a dog. And in this passage, "He heard the bleating of the flock, / And the twitter of birds among the trees," the word "bleating" sounds like sheep, and the word "twitter" sounds like the calls of birds. Using onomatopoeia helps the author bring the scene alive for the reader; it is a type of sound imagery. 

Another word you might think is onomatopoeia that Longfellow uses several times in the poem is "tramp." This word refers to marching, and it makes us think of other words like "stomp," "limp," and "stamp." For some reason, words that end in /mp/ make us think of forcefully planting the feet down. This is a type of "sound symbolism" that is related to onomatopoeia but is a little different. 

How can you tell for sure if a word is onomatopoetic? You need to find its definition in a dictionary (online or print) that gives the origin of the word. If the word originates from another language, it is probably not onomatopoetic. But if you see the word "imitative" after the heading "origin," that means the word originated as an imitation of the sound it stands for, meaning it is onomatopoetic, as in the example definition of "bleat" linked below. 

How does Shakespeare present Macbeth in Act two, scene two?

In Act II, scene II, Macbeth returns to Lady Macbeth right after he has murdered Duncan. In killing Duncan, Macbeth has stepped over a moral line and knows he can't go back. Shakespeare presents him as filled with agitation, guilt and foreboding. Macbeth ponders his terrible deed and wonders if he will ever be able to sleep again. "Macbeth does murder sleep," he says. His nerves are terribly on edge, and we can imagine him filled with adrenaline, pacing, excited, jittery, and talking too fast. Lady Macbeth tries to calm him, urging him not to think about what he has done.

He reacts with guilt and nerves when he hears someone knocking. Why is it, he asks, that "every noise appalls me?" He looks at his bloody hands and wonders, "Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood/Clean from my hand?" He realizes, however, that nothing can wash away the guilt. Rather than the sea washing off his blood, his blood would make the "green one [sea] red." Nothing can rid him of his guilt. 

Some of Macbeth's most famous speeches take place in this scene in which Shakespeare captures the extreme psychological agitation of a first-time murderer through Macbeth's heightened language.

Explain why political parties developed in the United States.

Political parties are not mentioned, nor is their influence taken into account, in the U.S. Constitution. At the national level, the origins of political parties are usually traced to the major political debates that occurred during the presidency of George Washington. Events, especially the French Revolution and the wars that followed, and policies, especially the efforts to finance the national debt by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, were especially divisive. When Alexander Hamilton proposed to have the federal government assume the debts of the states, for example, Thomas Jefferson led a group of politicians that opposed him. He also opposed Hamilton's proposed excise tax, the chartering of a national bank, the existence of a "national militia" and other measures favored by Hamilton that seemed to increase the powers of the federal government. When the French Revolution led to war with Great Britain, many Americans favored the revolutionaries, and argued that the United States should give them its support. Others tended to favor the British, fearing the emerging radicalism of the Revolution and recognizing the importance of British trade to the American economy.

By the election of 1796, these groups had crystallized into hardened factions. The supporters of Thomas Jefferson began to call themselves Republicans, or Democratic-Republicans. The supporters of Alexander Hamilton's policies called themselves Federalists. By 1800, these parties had become sufficiently organized to influence the course of the presidential election. The two-party system was born, even though it bore little resemblance to today's modern mass politics. Over time, the party alignments have shifted, but the United States has retained a two-party political system.

Homo sapiens originated in ____________.

So far as we know at this point in time, our species, Homo sapiens, originated on the continent of Africa.  To be more specific, we believe that the species originated in the eastern part of that continent.  We have at least two threads of evidence that support the idea that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa.

First, we have fossil evidence.  Fossils that have been found in East Africa are the earliest that can be (in paleontologists’ interpretation) classified as anatomically modern humans.  Fully modern humans appear to have been living in East Africa at least 120,000 years ago.  There is no evidence of fully modern humans outside of Africa or its immediate vicinity until about 60,000 years ago.  Thus, as far as we know from fossils that have been found so far, Homo sapiens originated in East Africa.

Second, we have genetic evidence.  Scientists have used DNA analysis to hypothesize that all humans today are descended from a woman who lived about 200,000 years ago in Africa.  While not all DNA evidence is conclusive, it appears that DNA also points to Africa as the origin for our species.

The evidence points, then, to Africa (and specifically East Africa) as the place where Homo sapiens originated.

What is the significance of Robert Frost's poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" in S.E. Hinton's novel The Outsiders?

Frost's poem is about lost innocence. The poet says gold, which represents youth, is hard to hold onto. It lasts only a short time, like flowers that whither in a vase. He also refers to Eden, the paradise where Adam and Eve lived before evil entered. Once the couple taste the forbidden fruit they lose Eden forever.

In The Outsiders, two events might symbolize the loss of innocence for the main characters, Ponyboy and Johnny. Johnny's life is cut short as he literally tries to save the young children in the burning church. It is symbolic of his attempt to hold onto a youth that is slipping away after he has been involved in a violent incident which ends with him accidentally stabbing one of the Socs.

A symbol for Ponyboy's youth, which also relates to Frost's poem, is his blonde hair. After the incident in the park where Johnny stabs Bob, Ponyboy cuts and dyes his hair. Sodapop, Ponyboy's brother, asks what has happened to the boy's "tuff hair." It is, for Ponyboy, a symbolic relinquishing of his youth, which he can never truly regain after the death of his best friend.

At the end of novel, Ponyboy writes an essay about the events surrounding Johnny's death. His essay is inspired by a note Johnny placed in Ponyboy's copy of Gone With the Wind. The note reads, "stay gold," meaning to never forget the innocence of youth.

Please see the attached links for more interpretations relating to your question.

How did the Civil War affect the Native Americans?

Native Americans were deeply involved in the Civil War. They served on both sides of the war fighting for both the South and the North. 28,693 Native Americans fought in the war. Native Americans were hoping to be on the right side of the war as to win favor with the conquerers. They were hoping to gain freedom and win their lands through their pledges to the US government. Instead the US government's genocide against Native Americans continued  after the civil war.

Some of the battles occurred on Native American Lands. July 1-2, 1863 saw the First Battle of Creek Cabin. Another battle took place at Horse Head Creek in Arkansas on February 17, 1864. 

In 1861, the Cherokees had their own civil war. The Nation was divided in half with half fighting for the South and the other for the North. The chief at the time was John Ross, who signed a treaty with the US Government of the Confederacy. Federal troops took Ross, and then Colonel Watie was the chief of the Cherokee and drafted all males 18-50 into the Confederate army. The population of the Cherokees went from 21,000 to 15,000 during the war and after the war the entire nation was considered disloyal.

I have to write about a battle, either literal or figurative, that Atticus faces in the book To Kill a Mockingbird.

Atticus's main literal battle is for Tom's freedom during the trial. Because of Bob Ewell's negative reputation and because of the circumstances of the case, Atticus knows that Tom is innocent, but he also knows that it will be an uphill battle to convince an all-white, male jury (common for the time and place) to acquit a black man who's been accused by a white man of raping a white woman. Despite Atticus's strong defense, the circumstances and past precedent are too much to overcome. After Tom's guilty verdict is read, Jem asks Atticus:

"How could they do it, how could they?"

"I don't know, but they did it. They've done it before and they did it tonight, and they'll do it again and when they do it--seems that only children weep" (Lee 244).

Atticus's answer refers to a historical pattern, and it leads into his bigger, more figurative battle- the fight against a stubborn society. Many people say that To Kill a Mockingbird is a book about racism, which it is, but there's more to this statement. There are some racist characters (like Bob Ewell) and racist moments (like the near lynching of Tom) in the novel, but many of the characters (and arguably some who also sat on Tom's jury) are not guilty of the kind of racism which would produce violence or demonstrate clear hatred of another based on skin color, but rather it's a more subtle, institutional racism. Institutional racism shows itself in the form of white men who feel they have to take another white man's word over a black man's, even if the evidence presented goes against that conclusion. They do this because the racism has become a part of the law process, a part of the legal institution. I'd be inclined to argue that most of Tom's jury doesn't believe he's guilty, but they convict him anyway, because it's the way things have always been done.

Atticus's broader, figurative battle is against a town that's slow to change and a lot of townspeople who maybe are not overtly racist but are also not willing to take a stand against tradition (and thereby risk their reputations). As Scout told us in the very first chapter:

"Maycomb was as an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it... People moved slowly then. They ambled across the square, shuffled in and out of the stores around it, took their time about everything" (Lee 5-6).

Since Atticus recognizes the scope of his battle, he focuses on one aspect with higher odds for success: positively influencing his own kids. If he raises Scout and Jem to understand the nature of injustice, then they will be in a better position to stand against it as they grow up.

What quotes are relevant to the losses in Othello?

Othello is filled with loss. Brabantio believes that he has lost his daughter Desdemona when she elopes with Othello. Iago provokes him by announcing at his window, “Your heart is burst, you have lost half your soul.” Brabantio is so unhappy about Desdemona choosing Othello over him, he dies: “pure grief / Shore his old thread in twain.”

In terms of relationships, Desdemona feels that she has lost her husband after he accuses her of infidelity, though she has no idea why: “by this light of heaven, / I know not how I lost him.” The rift between Cassio and Othello is also foreshadowed when Cassio loses “him on a dangerous sea.”

Another major theme is the loss of reputation. Cassio loses his reputation, “the immortal part of” himself, when he gets drunk, and Othello, who “wert once so good,” certainly loses his reputation when he abuses and murders Desdemona. Perhaps the handkerchief is a representation of all these losses: Othello becomes furious when Desdemona misplaces the handkerchief he gave her. To him it represents their relationship. When Iago puts it into Cassio’s hands, Othello believes the transference of the handkerchief represents the transference of Desdemona’s affections to Cassio.

Finally, there is the loss of life in Othello. Othello kills Desdemona, whose death is grieved by everyone, particularly Othello and Emilia. Othello says that he “Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away / Richer than all his tribe,” that pearl being Desdemona herself. As a result, Othello loses his will to live, “For, in [his] sense, 'tis happiness to die,” and commits suicide. Othello, Desdemona, Emilia, and Roderigo all suffer the ultimate loss: death.

Does Caesar die because of his arrogance or because the conspirators were more powerful?

Julius Caesar was assassinated because of his growing power over the senate. Caesar acquired numerous titles bestowed upon him by the senate. At the same time, most people in Rome believed he deserved to be king.

FLAVIUS:These people who are showing such support for Caesar
Will make him think he is higher than he is,
That he is above ordinary men,
And he’ll keep us all in slavery and fear. Scene 1

BRUTUS:What does this shouting mean? I’m afraid the people
Are going to choose Caesar for their king. Scene 2

The titles by the senate were mostly honorary with no real power behind them. This forced Caesar to actively campaign and clamor for more power.

Some members of the senate, including Brutus, Caesar’s longtime friend, became unnerved with the current state of affairs. These members of the senate formed the group known as the liberators and at the time their main agenda was to oust Caesar. Caesar’s appeal among the people had grown tremendously, making some of the members in the senate jealous of his achievements. However, to assassinate Caesar, they had to pretend to be doing it for the well-being of the republic. This was the sole reason that made Brutus support them.

BRUTUS:

He must die, and, for my part, I don’t know a personal cause to throw at him, But for the general complaints. He wants to be crowned.

Thus, there was no single sweeping reason to assassinate Caesar, but the most dominant of them was that Caesar became too powerful. This made him a threat to the republic, which some of the senators saw as falling to a monarchical type of rule.

CASCA:

Indeed they say that the senators Mean to establish Caesar as a king tomorrow,And that he will be king everywhere, In every place, except here in Italy.

How does the conflict between one set of characters lead to larger concepts of hysteria, intolerance, reputation, etc.?

Hysteria is the uncontrollable behavior observed when people experience intense states of emotions such as fear. The behavior often features irrationality and fits.

In the crucible, a story about the Salem witch trials, conflicts among the characters fueled the hysterical situation in the community. For instance, Parris discovered the girls dancing in the woods and suspected witchcraft. His daughter, niece, and servant were among those he discovered. He was worried about his reputation because of the existing conflict between him and a section of the community, represented by John Proctor.

When the issue of witchcraft came to the fore, Abigail took the opportunity to accuse Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft. Abigail had an intimate relationship with John when she worked for the family. After this was discovered, Elizabeth fired her. Abigail feigned fits of hysteria in order to implicate Elizabeth. She further framed Mrs, Proctor in order to enhance the credibility of her accusations.

There were two factions in the Salem community before the witch-trials. The two groups could not tolerate each other and in the ensuing trials, selfish interests took center stage. This as seen when Putnam pushed for Giles to lose his land so he could appropriate it. 

In the novel Is Daisy as special as Gatsby thinks she is? Give evidence from the text.

In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan is, frankly, not as "special" as the romanticized image Jay Gatsby has developed of her throughout their years apart. In truth, nobody could be as ideal and flawless as Gatsby has imagined Daisy to be. Gatsby lives in the past, and has a narrow perspective of Daisy's personality. In fact, when Nick ventures to suggest that Gatsby is unhealthily enamored with the past, Gatsby remarks that it is absolutely possible to "repeat the past" (99). We can see the true depth-- or else lack thereof-- of Daisy's character throughout the novel. The most striking moment that reveals Daisy's true character is when she allows Gatsby to take the blame for running down and killing Myrtle Wilson. Daisy was driving the car when the accident occurred and sped off from the scene of the crime, but Gatsby assumes the blame. Rather than stepping up and assuming responsibility, she recedes into her money and status, and her inaction inadvertently results in Gatsby being murdered by Myrtle's husband.

How does the setting help set the mood/tone of the The Midwife's Apprentice?

The Midwife's Apprentice is set in medieval England, and the realities of life in a small English village during that period of time contribute to the mood and tone of the story in many ways. Even in the first few sentences, a fact of life in medieval England sets the tone:

When animal droppings and garbage and spoiled straw are piled in a great heap, the rotting and moiling give forth heat. Usually no one gets close enough to notice because of the stench. But the girl noticed, and on that frosty night, burrowed deep into the warm, rotting muck, heedless of the smell.

Medieval England lacked many of the services we take for granted in modern times, such as regular garbage pickup and disposal. During medieval times, there also weren't laws against littering. Because of this, it wasn't unusual for the streets to be full of garbage and other nasty stuff.

But what does this have to do with the mood or tone of the story? Well, Karen Cushman, the author of The Midwife's Apprentice, takes advantage of this "feature" of medieval life to set up a fairly grim mood (this isn't a nice, pretty, perfume-filled place we're reading about).

At the same time, Cushman doesn't use a sad or shocked tone. Instead, she uses a very matter-of-fact, straightforward tone. This makes it clear that the garbage wasn't unusual at all—it was just a fact of life that people were used to. 

In the short story "The Gift of the Magi", what does Della do to get money for Jim's present?

In the short story “The Gift of the Magi", it was Christmas time, and Della wanted desperately to get a special Christmas gift for her husband, Jim.  She had saved her pennies and scrounged together $1.87.  She needed a lot more.  What did she have to sell?

“Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride.  One was Jim’s gold watch that had been his father’s and his grandfather’s.  The other was Della’s hair.  (pg 1)

The only thing of value Della had to sell was her hair. 

“It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her.” (pg 1)

So, she went to a Mne. Sofronie, who dealt in hair goods, and asked how much the woman would pay for her hair. She was offered twenty dollars.  She accepted the offer and immediately went out and bought Jim a beautiful chain to attach to his watch.  It cost her twenty-one dollars, but she knew he would love it. However, she hoped her husband would not find her ugly now because she no longer had her beautiful hair.

O’Henry, the author, wrote irony.  The ironic part of this story is that she sacrificed her hair to buy Jim a chain for his watch, and he sold his watch to buy her some beautiful combs for her long hair.

What happens at the camp of the Freebooters?

Great question! In the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, many events occurred during the boys' (Tom, Huck, and Joe) time at the camp of the Freebooters. Although many events occurred, some appear especially important, such as their adventures, the thunderstorm, and their presumed deaths.

Foremost, the boys experienced much adventure during their time at the camp. For example, the boys played pirates, fished, and even attempted smoking. As the text shows:

“Tom stirred up the other pirates and they all clattered away with a shout, and in a minute or two were stripped and chasing after and tumbling over each other in the shallow limpid water of the white sandbar.”

Furthermore, during their stay, the boys witnessed a great thunderstorm. During the night, the boys experienced a great storm and quickly abandoned their camp for safety. When the boys returned to their camp, they noticed that their camp had been destroyed by the storm. As the text reveals:

“The boys went back to camp, a good deal awed; but they found there was still something to be thankful for, because the great sycamore, the shelter of their beds, was a ruin, now, blasted by the lightnings, and they were not under it when the catastrophe happened.”

Lastly, the boys were presumed to be dead during their time at the camp. As the boys enjoyed their time, they noticed that the ferryboat was searching for someone’s body. The boys were excited and wanted to know who had drowned. Soon, they realized that the ferryboat was searching for them! As the text reveals:

“They felt like heroes in an instant. Here was a gorgeous triumph; they were missed; they were mourned; hearts were breaking on their account; tears were being shed; accusing memories of unkindness to these poor lost lads were rising up, and unavailing regrets and remorse were being indulged; and best of all, the departed were the talk of the whole town, and the envy of all the boys, as far as this dazzling notoriety was concerned. This was fine. It was worth while to be a pirate, after all.”

Thus, many important events occurred during their time at the camp. However, these represent some of the most significant moments of their stay.

Does Napoleon die in Animal Farm?

This is a great question.  We should answer this question in a few different ways. 

On a physical level, Napoleon does not die on the farm.  He is alive and well at the end of the story.  However, he does cause others to die. For example, he was the architect of a massacre. 

On a more literary level, we can say that the old Napoleon did die.  The Napoleon that earnestly wanted a revolution died.  Once the revolution took place, he betrayed the principles of it.  At first it was small - the taking of apples and milk, but by the end of the story, he introduced a rule of terror. 

If we focus on the final scene of he book, we can also say that Napoleon died.  He is no longer a pig.  He turns into a man.  From this perspective, Napoleon, the pig, is gone forevermore.  He is now a man. 

How can the kinetic theory and forces of attraction be used to explain the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids?

The Kinetic Molecular Theory describes the behavior of ideal gases, which are gases that obey the ideal gas law, as follows:

• The particles of a gas are in constant, rapid, random motion


• Collisions between gas particles are elastic (there's no loss of energy).


• The volume of the particles themselves are insignificantly small compared to the space they occupy in moving around


• There are no forces of attraction of repulsion between gas molecules. 


• The average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas sample is proportional to the Kelvin temperature.

The kinetic molecular theory explains the mathematical relationships between temperature, pressure, volume and the number of particles of a gas which is summed up in the ideal gas law PV = nRT. For example, the pressure and volume relationship is explained by the fact that if the volume of a gas is decreased the surface area of the container decreases so the particles will have more collisions per unit area of the container. This results in higher pressure. Most gases behave like ideal gases at temperatures and pressures close to STP (0 degrees C and 1.00 atm pressure).

The effect of intermolecular forces on gas behavior comes into play at lower temperatures and/or higher pressures. When gas molecules are closer together and have less speed intermolecular attractions become more important. Condensation from a gas to a liquid occurs at the temperature and pressure at which the gas molecules no longer have enough energy to overcome attractions to other molecules: or, in converse, condensation to liquid occurs when intermolecular attractions become stronger.

Molecules in a liquid are much closer together than in a gas, but they still move around and change position. Intermolecular attractions are stronger in the solid state than in the liquid state. The attraction between particles in a solid keep them locked into position and their only movement is vibrational. Neither liquids nor solids obey the Kinetic Molecular Theory.

A triangle has angle measures that are related as follows: -The largest angle is 12 times the smallest angle -The middle angle is 5 times the...

The total number of degrees in any triangle is 180. There are several ways to set up an equation to answer this question, but the easiest way is to let the measure of the smallest angle of the three equal to x. We are told in the problem that the largest angle is 12 times the smallest, and the middle angle is 5 times the smallest. Therefore, the largest angle is 12x, and the middle is 5x. Since we know the sum of the three angles is 180 degrees, our equation becomes

12x + 5X + x = 180

Combining like terms, our equation simplifies to

18x = 180

Dividing each side by 18 in order to get x by itself, we get

x=10

Therefore, the smallest angle is 10 degrees, the medium in size is 50 degrees, and the largest is 120 degrees. We can check our work by adding these three angle measures; the result is 180 degrees, so our answer checks.

In the play Julius Caesar, what kind of a friendship do Brutus and Cassius have?

Brutus and Cassius have a complicated relationship where they are constantly manipulating each other.

Brutus and Cassius are not exactly friends.  They are both senators of the Patrician class.  They run in the same circles.  Cassius convinces Brutus to join the conspiracy against Caesar so that they can get more influential people to join and have the support of the Roman populace once Caesar is killed.

Brutus is definitely arrogant and principled.  Cassius is aware that he will need to appeal to Brutus’s ego in order to get him involved.

Men at some time are masters of their fates:
The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars,
But in ourselves, that we are underlings.
Brutus and Caesar: what should be in that 'Caesar'?
Why should that name be sounded more than yours? (Act 1, Scene 2)

Cassius is careful to feel Brutus out, and make sure that he is worried about Caesar’s rise to power.  Then he tells Brutus that if they do not do something it is their own fault that they have to answer to Caesar, and goes a step further by telling Brutus that there is no reason he should not be in Caesar’s place.

Cassius’s appeal to Brutus’s name is no accident.  He knows that Brutus’s name lends considerable weight to the cause.  Yet Brutus is not comfortable just being a figurehead.  He takes charge immediately.  From the beginning, Brutus vetoes decisions that Cassius makes about who to include in the conspiracy and what to do with Antony.  Cassius wants to kill him, and to not let him speak at Caesar’s funeral.  Brutus overrules him on both occasions. 

Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius,
To cut the head off and then hack the limbs,
Like wrath in death and envy afterwards;
For Antony is but a limb of Caesar:
Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius. (Act 2, Scene 1)

It is important to Brutus that the people see the conspirators as fair.  He does not want them to seem like murderers.  In his eyes, they are tyrant-killers.  He thinks that he will gain more favor with the people of Rome by allowing Mark Antony to speak.

These decisions are both disastrous.  Leaving Mark Antony alive was a big risk, because he did not turn out to be harmless.  Giving him permission to speak at Caesar’s funeral was even more dangerous.  Mark Antony was more persuasive than Brutus and turned the people against the conspirators, convincing them they were murderers.

Things get even worse when Brutus and Cassius are in the field.  Brutus has very little military experience compared to Cassius, and he is still in charge because he is the nominal leader of their army.  This leads to bickering and resentment between the men.  Cassius complains that Brutus punished one of his men, and Brutus accuses Cassius of rivalry.  However, their biggest argument is over going to Philippi.  Again, Brutus overruled Cassius, and they both paid the price.  They were stomped by Antony and Octavius's armies.

Brutus's insistence to be in charge and inability to take advice was dangerous to more than his friendship with Cassius.  After bringing Brutus in, Cassius had no choice but to take a backseat and let Brutus be in charge.  Although he may have meant well, Brutus had no idea what he was doing and led them into one disaster after another until they both ended up killing themselves rather than being taken in battle. 

What devices does Poe use to create and heighten the suspense in the story? Is the outcome ever in doubt?

Poe builds suspense starting with the first paragraph, in which he has his narrator tell us he will get revenge on Fortunato but doesn't tell us how or why. How has Fortunato wronged him? What will he do to him?

Suspense builds as we enter the cold, damp vaults beneath a home where all the servants are gone for the night. It grows as we enter, with the characters, a smaller crypt, "lined with human remains." We worry, for we know Fortunato is drunk, and now isolated from all help. The upside-down frame of the Carnival, a time when normal restraints are cast off, is a literary device which also adds to our sense of unease. 

The narrator chains Fortunato to a wall, but like the victim, we still don't know exactly what is going to happen: we are still in suspense. Then, rather than just telling us he has walled up Fortunato, he takes us through it step by step, as if in slow motion: "I laid the second tier, and the third, and the fourth; and then I heard the furious vibrations of the chain."

The narrator continues to drag out the work of the walling, while revealing that nobody can hear the screams of Fortunato. But will the narrator actually go through with his plan, or is his revenge simply to play a cruel joke? We are in gradually lessening suspense until the last brick is mortared in place. 

We never learn what Fortunato has done, if even anything, to warrant this fate. But by using the technique of carrying the reader step by step through the grisly scene, we are kept in suspense as to its final outcome.

There never is any doubt that the narrator will exact a cruel revenge. The suspense lies not in the "if" of the revenge but in the specifics of "how" it will occur. 

Why is Piggy such an important symbol in the book, and what is the significance of Simon in relation to the Lord of the Flies?

Piggy and Simon are important characters not just for the development of the plot of Lord of the Flies but also as characters who represent a larger concept. Piggy represents intelligence and technology, but he also represents marginalized people who are easily victimized in a less enlightened society. Piggy is by far the most intellectually superior boy on the island. He is the one who has the idea to call the other boys with the conch, and he alone has the "intellectual daring" to consider building the signal fire on the beach when the "beast" prevents them from tending it on the mountain. His glasses symbolize intellect but also science and technology; they give the boys the ability to create fire. Still, Piggy is mocked and bullied by the boys, especially Jack. Because Piggy has asthma and is overweight, Jack chooses him to pick on, often telling him to shut up and charging into his stomach and breaking his glasses.

Simon represents the sensitive, insightful, or spiritual person or part of society. Like the other easily victimized people, spiritually sensitive people are often dismissed and/or ridiculed by many people in a society. The boys often remark that Simon is "batty" or "crazy." Simon is the one who recognizes "mankind's essential illness" and suggests about the beast that "maybe it's only us." This earns him scorn. When he has a vision of the Lord of the Flies, it confirms what he has already discerned, namely that the "beast" is the tendency toward evil that resides inside every person. Unfortunately, Simon's revelation is not useful to any of the other boys; they end up killing him before he can get them to understand. In this way Simon is a Christ-figure; he is killed by those he is trying to enlighten. 

How is awareness of rank observed in the drinking of the palm wine?

In Things Fall Apart, Achebe presents a number of traditional Igbo customs and rituals in an effort to give the text an authentically Nigerian perspective. Chapter twelve contains one of the most striking rituals in the novel as Achebe portrays Obierika’s daughter’s uri. The families of the engaged the bride and her suitor along with the most important and reputable individuals in Umuofia are invited to the feast; indeed, there are no osu individuals present. After an entire day of cooking and preparing for the uri, the ceremony begins with a presentation of pots of palm wine. Interestingly, even though the ceremony is intended to be centered on the bride and her companions, the official drinking of the palm wine begins when the women retire:

“When the women retired, Obierika presented kola nuts to his in-laws…. The kola nut was eaten and the drinking of the palm-wine began” (117).

Awareness of rank is observed by the group because the top men in the clan drink first:

“As night fell, burning torches were set on wooden tripods and the young men raised a song. The elders sat in a big circle and the singers went round singing each man’s praise as they came before him. They had something to say for every man. Some were great farmers, some were orators who spoke for the clan; Okonkwo was the greatest wrestler and warrior alive” (118).

First, the great men drink wine. Then, the singers who were praising the great men of Umuofia are invited to sit in the circle. This is how rank is observed in the Igbo ceremonial drinking of the palm wine.

"Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee: I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art...

At this point in the play, Lady Macbeth has persuaded her thane husband to commit regicide, but he's still reticent to do it. He's still a good man, albeit one who is considering throwing his life, his honor, his name, and his soul to the devil, all for the sake of the crown. He's waiting for Lady Macbeth's signal that everything is ready for him to walk into Duncan's chamber and murder the king (she is drugging the grooms/guards). He's having his first "fit" at this point--seeing things that aren't there. It's a sign of things to come (when he sees Banquo's ghost at the banquet and thereafter becomes more and more erratic and paranoid). Here, he realizes that his mind is playing tricks on him--that he isn't all there, that something's wrong with the plan, but he proceeds with it, anyway. 

What are 3 examples of repetition in Brutus's speech after he kills Caesar?

The first example of repetition is in the beginning of the speech where Brutus is trying to get the audience to listen to him.  In this part of the speech he emphasizes his actions by repeating the words “me” and “mine” to get their attention.

Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my
cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me
for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that
you may believe (Act 3, Scene 2)

In addition to repeating the first person pronouns, Brutus also repeats the words “believe” and “honor.”  All of these emphasize the idea that the audience needs to believe Brutus because he is honorable.  He is trying to make himself credible.

Brutus also repeats “as he was” several times, to emphasize Caesar’s actions and the image he is trying to present for him.

As Caesar loved me, I weep for him;
as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was
valiant, I honour him: but, as he was ambitious, I
slew him. (Act 3, Scene 2)

With this repetition, Brutus contrasts himself with Caesar and justifies his actions.  He is demonstrating why he killed Caesar.  He still uses first person pronouns, saying “I” instead of “we.”  Brutus is trying to position himself as the savior of Rome.  In the next section he repeats “his” for the same effect.

Finally, Brutus uses “have I offended” repeatedly.  He is trying to emphasize that no one can logically oppose his actions or his viewpoint.

If any, speak; for him have I offended.
Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If
any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so
vile that will not love his country? If any, speak;
for him have I offended. (Act 3, Scene 2)

With this repetition, Brutus basically ensures that no one in the audience will speak against him.  He equates anyone who supported Caesar with supporting slavery.  If you disagree with Brutus, you do not love your country.

Brutus’s speech is cold and calculated.  It is designed to win the people over with logic and careful manipulation.  Unfortunately, Antony has style.  He is able to theatrically call attention to the actions Brutus so carefully tried to justify.  He sarcastically calls Brutus and the others “honorable men,” playing on Brutus’s characterization of himself.  He shows the audience Caesar’s bloody shroud and points out the stab holes, and he brandishes Caesar’s will.  In doing so, he successfully eliminates any good will that Brutus generated for himself and wins the people over.

Is healthcare for all a good thing?

Most people would say that health care for all is a good thing.  However, people might not agree with the way in which health care is provided for everyone.  They might think that a given way of providing health care for everyone is bad for a country.  There are at least two aspects of how health care is provided that could cause people to think that a program that provides health care for all is not actually a good thing.

First of all, the health care program could work in a way that deprives people of their rights.  Many conservatives in the United States dislike “Obamacare” in part because it requires every individual in the US to either buy health insurance or pay a fine to the government.  Some people believe that this infringes on people’s rights to choose what to do with their own money.  In this view, health care for all is a good thing, but it is not appropriate to provide it by infringing on the rights of the people.

Second, we can argue that some ways of providing health care for all are less efficient than others and could actually harm both the health care industry and the economy as a whole.  This is another reason why many conservatives in the US dislike Obamacare.  They believe that Obamacare is bad because it is run too much by the government.  They would like health care for all to be provided by the market rather than by the government. They want a health care plan that has fewer government regulations and therefore allows market forces to play the main role.  They believe that such a program would provide consumers with the best choices at the best prices while still allowing the health care companies to make money.  In this view, health care for all is a good goal, but it should be provided in the most economically efficient way.

So, most people would say that it is good to provide health care to all people in a country. They might, however, argue about the best way to do it and they might reject a certain health care plan because they might think that its bad points outweigh its good points.

How is Willy Wonka the anti-hero in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory?

An antihero, according to the Merriam Webster dictionary, is defined as "a protagonist or notable figure who is conspicuously lacking in heroic qualities." In Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Willy Wonka fits this description perfectly. He is the most notable figure in the story, aside from Charlie Bucket, and in spite of being not an antagonist, he is rather unlikeable. On multiple occasions he insults the children visiting the factory and/or their parents, although often his insults go unnoticed due to being spoken quickly or under his breath. He "conspicuously" has no social radar, even though his comment regarding cannibalism shows that he knows that some things are socially unacceptable.

Yet we can see that he isn't all bad, through his concern for Violet Beauregard and Mike Teevee when they are in peril, and his comment about liking the way Grandma Georgina smells. He is obviously worried about the continued success of his chocolate factory, as we can see from his questions about Charlie's (or anyone's) ability to run the business with a family hanging over him.

In the end, the fact that Willy Wonka is socially inept does not keep him from valuing his family any less, as the narrator indicates at the conclusion of the movie that he finds nothing sweeter.

What is the resolution of The BFG?

The resolution of The BFG is found in the final three chapters: "The Plan," "Feeding Time," and "The Author." After Sophie and the BFG convince the Queen of England that giants really are gobbling up children from all over the world each night, they hatch a plan together to capture the giants so they can no longer terrorize the Earth. They tie the giants up and carry them back to England using helicopters. When they get there, they drop them in a pit 500 feet deep—so deep that even if all the giants stand on each other's shoulders they cannot get out. Instead of people, they are now forced to eat snozzcumbers, the disgusting vegetable from giant country. Thousands of tourists come to look at the giants, deep in their hole where they cannot harm anyone.

As for Sophie and the BFG, the leaders of all the world's countries are so grateful that they send them presents and thank yous: elephants, camels, llamas, boots, hats, sweet and sour pork, and pullovers. The Queen of England ordered that two houses should be built—a big one for the BFG and a little one for Sophie—and they lived happily side-by-side for many years. The BFG was made England's official Dream-Blower, and he traveled the country giving good dreams to sleeping children.

In short, everything ends well and everyone is happy except for the bad giants, but they deserve everything they got.

How do I draw a rose that looks real?

There are many different ways to draw a realistic rose, and some general things to keep in mind when making a drawing look realistic are 1) how you shade an image to make it look three-dimensional 2) observing the object in nature, and drawing from a live model 3) using familiar shapes (circles, D-shapes, etc.) as guides for more difficult images.

When drawing a realistic rose, I've found two strategies that are very helpful. The first is to start in the center, with the "rosebud" and work outwards, building towards larger petals. The second is to start with an outline of the outer petals, and work inwards. Either way, you will want to learn how to draw petals and repeat the shapes, going inwards or outwards. It's always easier to learn to draw with images as guides, so below are two helpful websites that demonstrate with pictures how to draw a good-looking rose using the two methods I mentioned:

1) drawing from the inside out

2) drawing from the outside in

Good luck, and remember, the best way to draw anything that looks real is to observe real objects, and practice a lot!

The yearly profit of a company in thousands of dollars can be modeled by P(t) = t4 − 5t2 + 4, where t is the number of years since...

We are given as a model for the profits earned, where t is the time in years since 2005. We are asked to find the years with zero profit.

This is equivalent to solving the equation .

Note that this is a quadratic form -- it is a quadratic in .

Each of the binomials is a difference of two squares and can be factored as:

So (t+2)(t-2)(t+1)(t-1)=0

Since the domain is positive (the model is true for years after 2005), t=1 is 2006 and t=2 is 2007.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

The profit was zero in 2006 and 2007

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There were 4 solutions, but 2 of them (-1 and -2) were not in the domain and so are disregarded. (If the company came into existence in 2005, it makes no sense to describe its profits before 2005.)

The graph for t>0:

Preheating a crucible prior to strong heating prevents?

Preheating a crucible before strong heating can be done for a number of reasons depending on the application for which the crucible will be used. Firstly, preheating of a crucible before use is important for reducing thermal stress on the crucible. This is extremely important when using a crucible for the first time, as it will keep it from cracking thanks to a slow controlled heating, ensuring it will last longer. It is also important in applications where very high levels of heat are necessary, such as in smelting, where high levels of heat are used to isolate various metals based on their melting points.

A second reason to preheat a crucible is to ensure accurate measurements. If a crucible is weighed cold, or below room temperature, it is possible that moisture may become trapped in the material of the crucible. This moisture leads to variable amounts of excess weight. By using a series of preheating and cooling steps each time a measurement is taken, one can extract this moisture reliability, and repeatably, and get a more accurate measurement of the crucibles weight before the substance is placed inside. This is critical when exact measurements down to ten-thousandths of a gram must be made. Without proper preheating before measurements, not only is accuracy decreased, but replicability in measurement as well. Hope this helps!  

In the play "A Doll's House" there are good reasons to dislike Torvald but is he deserving of some compassion and understanding?

Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House was first performed in Denmark in 1879. While the play itself was groundbreaking in its portrayal of women's roles in marriages, the male characters were very much reflections of their times. Though modern readers may have difficulty with the patronizing way Torvald behaves toward his wife, Nora, this was typical for the times. He calls her names like his little "squirrel" and "songbird" and he reprimands her for sneaking macaroons and spending too much money. In effect, he treats her like a child. He expects her to look pretty and to perform for him, and does not talk to her very much about important topics like work or politics. For 19th century audiences, however, Torvald's behavior was typical. This is how many men acted toward their wives at the time. Modern readers should take that into consideration when viewing Torvald as a character, which might make them feel more compassionate toward him. 

Martin Luther King, Jr., became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement by doing things that no one else had tried before. What gives you the...

To answer this question for yourself, think about something you have done that other people weren't doing. It doesn't have to be something that no one in the world has ever done before. It could be the fact that no one in your family ever wanted to own a dog, and you were the first to get a pet dog. It could be there was a group project at school or in a club you are part of that no one else was volunteering to lead, so you stepped up to lead it. Once you have thought of a situation where you "went out on a limb" and out of your comfort zone, think about what motivated or inspired you to do that. When you think about it, you may find that, like many other people, two things provided you with the inspiration or willpower to take on a task that others had not. 

First, you probably became aware of a felt need, and that need stirred up emotions in you--perhaps sympathy or maybe anger. This was certainly the case for Martin Luther King, Jr. In his day, black people were suffering under unjust laws and discrimination, causing him to feel sympathy for those who were being mistreated and anger at the unjust legal system of the Southern states. In the case of adopting a dog, it might be seeing the sad look in the eyes of an animal at the Humane Society and feeling sorry for it. Or when volunteering to take on a project, it might be that your group members need someone to take charge, and you want to help.

Second, you probably took stock of your strengths and realized that you were well suited to the task in question. You believed you could be a loving master to a dog, or you felt you had the ideas and communication skills to lead a group. For Martin Luther King, Jr., he probably recognized his leadership skills and his ability to make a good argument and express his ideas in ways that inspired others. 

Depending on how significant the task is that a person is taking on, a person can also be motivated by a feeling that he or she is called to do a certain type of work. Some people feel a sense of destiny, and others who are people of faith may feel that God wants them to take on a project. Martin Luther King, Jr., was a Baptist minister, so faith was an important part of his life and certainly played a role in his ability to persevere in his goals even when the way was rough. 

You may find that other things, such as the encouragement of family or friends, was also helpful to you in trying something new. But becoming aware of a need that stirs your emotions and believing you have the skills the task requires are two factors that probably helped you attempt what others did not try. 

What is the precent by mass of sulfur in sulfur dioxide?

The question asks you to determine what percent of the total mass of the compound sulfur dioxide ( ) is due to the mass of the S atom.

In order to determine the percent by mass of S in the compound , we will need to divide the mass of the S atom by the mass of the entire compound, and then multiply our answer by 100 to put it into percent.

Step 1: Determine the atomic mass of each element from the periodic table.

• Mass of S is 32.065 g

• Mass of O is 15.9994 g

Step 2: Determine the mass of the entire compound. ( )

• Mass of = (mass of S) + (2 x mass of O):

            (32.065 g) + (2 x 15.9994 g) = 64.064 g

    *Notice that we multiplied the mass of O by two, since there are two O atoms in the compound.

Step 3: Determine the percent by mass of S in .

• % Mass of S in = (mass of S/mass of ) x 100

            (32.065 g/64.064 g) x 100 = 50.052 %

       So, 50.052 % of the mass of comes from the S atom.

We can also determine the percent of O by mass in .

• % Mass of O in = (2 x mass of O/mass of ) x 100

              (2 x 15.9994 g/64.064 g) x 100 = 49.948 %

Notice that when you add together the percent by mass of the O atoms and the percent by mass of the S atom, your answer should equal 100%.

• 50.052 % + 49.948 % =100 %

How do you convert between the volume of a gas at STP and the number of moles of the gas?

Whenever you perform a mole conversion calculation, you will need to use a mole conversion factor. The three mole conversion factors are:

1 mole = 22.4 liters (for ideal gases)

1 mole = molar mass (grams)

1 mole = particles (molecules or atoms)

Since our problem is a conversion between moles and volume, we will use the first conversion factor. The volume in this conversion factor is in liters. If the volume in your question is in mL, you will need to convert to liters before you use this conversion factor. 

To use a conversion factor in a calculation, we must write it as a ratio, i.e. 1 mole/22.4 L OR 22.4 L/1 mole. Always write the conversion factor with the given unit on the bottom.

To calculate your answer, just multiply the "given amount" times the conversion factor.

Example 1: Convert 2.00 moles of gas to liters.

2.00 moles is the given amount and unit.

(2.00 moles)(22.4 L/1 mole) = 44.8 L

Since the given unit was moles, we write the conversion factor with moles in the denominator so that the units cancel out.

Example 2: Convert 6.22 L of gas to moles.

6.22 L is the given amount and unit.

(6.22 L)(1 mole/22.4 L) = 0.278 moles

Since the given unit was liters, we write the conversion factor with liters in the denominator.

What 2 processes formed the grand canyon?

Although researchers are still investigating the processes that were involved with the formation of the Grand Canyon, it is believed that two primary processes or forces played a major role in its formation. These forces include the following:

1. Erosion - Over the course of many years massive amounts of water as well as some ice served to carve out the Grand Canyon as we know it today. This force is thought to be a primary force for its formation.

2. Wind / Changes in Climate - Coupled to the strong erosion forces, strong and fluctuating wind conditions that were the results of fluctuations in our climate also served as a means to carve out the Grand Canyon.

Other forces that have been implicated in its formation include the following:

3. Colorado River - This is the river which flows through the Grand Canyon.

4. Volcanism

5. Continental Drift

It is also important to realize that these forces collectively have served as a hot knife which has carved out the Grand Canyon to varying extents depending upon the period in the history of Grand Canyon as well as its corresponding geological composition during the period under consideration. When one studies the canyon's formation, one must also consider the complex geology of each of its layers which include:

Kaibab Limestone

Toroweap Formation

Coconino Sandstone

Hermit Shale

Supai Group

Redwall Limestone

Mauv Limestone

Bright Angel Shale

Tapeats Sandstone

... etc

Suffice it to say, there are quite a number of layers to consider when on ponders the forces that have shaped this canyon.

Given the canyon's geology, erosion and wind due to changes in climate appear to be the major processes or forces involved in its formation.

What are the different types of traditional drama?

Setting aside the categories of historical theatre and drama based on historical periods, such as Elizabethan, Restoration, Victorian, etc., we start with Aristotle’s division of drama into tragedy and comedy. Then there were expressionistic, impressionistic, surrealistic, etc. drama. Today, let us say since Modernism, drama divides itself into more subtle categories (mostly via advertising, publicity, reviews, etc.) – the term “drama” refers to serious, sober, intense story-telling with strong characters resolving real social and psychological conflicts. Comedy now refers to humorous laugh-filled story-telling with little serious conflict or danger to the protagonist, attended for immediate entertainment rather than insightful observation about human nature. It is further divided into such subtler types as farce (broad humorous commentary on human imperfections), slapstick (physical humor), sentimental (maudlin actions designed to bring the audience into humorous rapport with a slightly troubled protagonist), romantic (love “bumps in the road”), and the like. Post-modern drama features experimental stage language (settings, non-realistic situations, non-real actions, etc.) whose themes are often philosophical, and which make use of a two-act structure rather than the traditional beginning-middle-end structure of the three-act play. Then there are such “types” as musicals (where songs are inserted into the story),, extravaganzas (featuring unusual and difficult stage business, in which the audience delight comes from the large stage action), etc.; of course, this is only one way to taxonomize this complex and varied art.

In the book To Kill a Mockingbird, what simile does the narrator use to describe Mayella after she gives her testimony, and what is the effect?

When Mayella Ewell gives her testimony in court, Scout, the narrator, notes the young woman's confidence.  Scout compares Mayella's level of confidence to that of her father, Bob Ewell.  His confidence had been brash.  Mayella's confidence is "like a steady-eyed cat with a twitchy tail" (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 18).  The simile shows Mayella's wavering confidence as she gives her testimony.

Mayella states that she feels verbally attacked when Atticus questions her.  She becomes very upset.  This shows that she is not completely confident in her own story.  Looking at Mayella with the view that she is making up aspects of her story or repeating what her father told her to say, one can understand why her confidence is a wavering one.  Mayella feels the need to protect her father, as well as to stay consistent with her testimony.  Atticus asks her direct questions, which effects her confidence.

Do plants only have to be grown by sunlight, can they be grown with a flashlight?

Plants will grow under artificial light sources, such as the light produced by a flashlight. However, plants grow better under the natural light of the sun.

There are key differences between the light produced by the sun and the light produced by a flashlight that cause plants to grow better under natural light. These differences are identified and explained below.

1.      The sun emits more light than a single flashlight.

2.      The wavelengths emitted from the flashlight are different than the wavelengths that are emitted from the light of the sun. The sun’s spectrum of light is the spectrum under which plants evolved and, therefore, grow the best under. The sun emits more light within the red and blue spectrum than a flashlight. Julie Day explains that blue wavelengths of light induce plant foliage growth, whereas red wavelengths of light induce flowering and fruiting.

What rhetorical devices does Shylock use?

Shylock's rhetoric is displayed most prominently in his famous monologue, known commonly by the phrase, "If you prick us, do we not bleed?" The speech can be found in the first scene of the third act.

The rhetoric of this passage appeals to the common humanity of men, suggesting that the distinctions of class and race are superficial in comparison with the underlying common nature shared by all.

Shylock does not claim common humanity to argue for more enlightened relations, however. Instead, he uses the proposition to argue his just right to revenge.

This passage has several parts: (1) catalog of abuses, (2) meditation on a common humanity, (3) meditation on common responses to injustice.

These three division unite to conclude with the following proposition:

"The villainy you teach me, I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction."

Shylock's rhetorical point is that cruelty begets cruelty.

A ball of mass m 1 = 8.0 × 10−2 kg starts from rest and falls vertically downward from a height of 3.0 m. After colliding with the ground, it...

Hello!

To find momentums we need the speeds before and after collision. The simplest way to find these speeds is to use the energy conservation law.

Before fall, a ball had only potential energy Just before collision it had only kinetic energy m and they was equal. Therefore where

The same consideration gives that the speed after the collision is where Now we can answer (i) and (iii).

(i) the momentum before collision is after is

(iii) note that impulse is a vector, it has the same direction as velocity. The momentum before collision is directed downwards and after -- upwards. So the difference of moments is the sum of their magnitudes, i.e. 1.11m/s.

For (ii) we have to know that a force may be expressed as the derivative of a momentum (Newton's Second law, actually). Therefore the integral of force is the difference of momentums. And the average force is this difference divided by a time. Force is upwards all the time.

(ii) average force is