What does "the head is not more native to the heart" in Shakespeare's Hamlet mean?

"The head is not more native to the heart" is the first part of an analogy that King Claudius makes between himself and Polonius, his counselor and father of Laertes. This comparative situation suggests the closeness of the mind to the emotions, and how they work together. That is, Polonius's mind and his ideas relate closely to what is in the heart of King Claudius.

In order to understand the meaning of this quote, it is really necessary to include the rest of the comparison:

The head is not more native to the heart,
The hand more instrumental to the mouth,
Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father.
What wouldst thou have, Laertes? (1.2.47-50)

Extracted from Act I, Scene 2 of Hamlet, this line is part of a conversation of King Claudius with Laertes, the son of Polonius, who is Lord Chamberlain and a conniving sycophant to the king, who is equally despicable. Laertes has returned from France on the bequest of his father in order to be present for the coronation of King Claudius. Since his filial duty has now been served, Laertes wishes to return to his school in France, and so he comes to ask the king for permission to do so. Evidently, Laertes seems to be timorous before the new king; therefore, Claudius tries to allay his fears with the two lines that demonstrate his close relationship with Laertes's father.

 In the lines cited above, Claudius makes an analogy between the strong connection of the head to the heart/mind to the emotions, and the hand to the mouth and his close and mutually satisfactory relationship with Laertes's father. Polonius, King Cladius's advisor=the head to the king's heart--"the head is native, or relates, to the heart." 
(Later, the reader learns it is Polonius who devises some of the plots to learn what is in Hamlet's mind.)

What happens in Chapter Seven of To Sir with Love?

In Chapter Seven, Mr. Braithwaite continues learning about the faculty, his students, and people in the neighborhood.

After suffering through a noisy lunch in the cafeteria the previous day, Braithwaite decides to eat in the faculty lounge where it is quiet. There he talks with the lovely and pleasant Miss Blanchard, who remarks that he seems surprised by the students' interest in classical music that morning. After this, she asks him how his morning has gone, and Braithwaite tells her of his disappointment in the students' finding their own ignorance amusing. It is apparent that Braithwaite is perplexed about these youths who willingly listen to sophisticated music, yet have no desire to learn basic things.

Mrs. Drew encourages the new teacher, telling him "...they're not bad when you get to know them." Weston chimes in, "The trick is getting to know them." During this interchange with the members of the faculty, Braithwaite is encouraged by their desire that he succeed. But, after he returns to his classroom, he finds the students suspiciously watchful of him.

My attempts at pleasantries were received with a chilly lack of response which indicated that my earlier remarks had got under their skin. Their silent watchfulness was getting under mine.

Still, there is one student who seems friendly, Tich Jackson, who returns his smiles although the boy joins in with the other students in their derisive laughter. Another student seems removed from everyone; his name is Lawrence Seales. This boy is "obviously of mixed parentage" and is quiet; he does not engage with the other students in their ribaldry, nor does he show any interest in his teacher. 

After leaving school Braithwaite stops in at a tobacconist's shop where he sees a board with postings of lodgings. Thinking that the long ride from Brentwood back and forth each day will become tiresome, especially in the winter months, Braithwaite leans over to read the posts. The proprietor asks him if he can help; Braithwaite says, "Not really...I might like a room near by." Then the man asks if he works in the area, and Braitwaite tells him that he is a teacher at Greenslade School.

"These not good for you; for teacher not good. Sometimes good ones I have, these not,"

advises the tobacconist, in broken English. Braithwaite is moved by his kindness, a positive ending to a trying day. Later on at home, he discusses the day's occurrences with Mr. and Mrs. Belmont, who agree with him that he must gain the students' confidence before their resentment leads to something that can destroy any hope of a good relationship with them.

How does David Sedaris establish a humorous tone in the first two paragraphs? What details contribute to this tone?

In order to establish a humorous tone in the first two paragraphs of his essay "Me Talk Pretty One Day," David Sedaris does two things: 1. He creates an absurd character (himself), and 2. He places this character in an uncomfortable setting.

In the opening paragraph, Sedaris establishes himself as an absurd character. He opens the essay with his age ("At the age of forty-one...") and then goes on to call himself a "true debutant." He explains that he's moved to France to go back to school to learn French, but he's really excited about having a student ID which allows him discounts at places, particularly an amusement park with an advertisement that really excites him (it "advertises with billboards picturing a cartoon stegosaurus sitting in a canoe and eating what appears to be a ham sandwich.").

Then Sedaris creates an intimidating setting that he is entering. Everyone who attends the school, except for himself, spoke French well. In addition, the students were all "young, attractive, and well dressed." He explains that he feels completely out of place "not unlike Pa Kettle trapped backstage after a fashion show."

By placing an absurd character in an intimidating situation, Sedaris is telling his readers to expect the unexpected.

"Fancy thinking the beast was something you could kill." What is the author trying to say with this quote?

This statement is spoken by the "Lord of the Flies," the "pig's head on a stick" that speaks to Simon in his vision in the thicket. While the conversation between the pig's head and Simon can be confusing--and it was written in a way to seem mysterious and ambiguous--it presents one of Golding's strongest themes in the novel. The lesson of the novel is that humans, left on their own even in an idyllic environment, will create a society that quickly degenerates unless they can follow rules and unless they have a moral basis for their lives. Ralph is the character who grasps the importance of rules and order; Simon is the character who grasps the importance of morality. Simon has already suggested that the "beastie" the boys are afraid of is "only us." Here Golding explores that idea further. The head says, "I'm part of you.... the reason why it's no go." The fact that he is called the Lord of the Flies is a reference to Beelzebub, or Satan, the personification of Evil. So Golding here is saying that evil resides within the human soul--"close, close, close!"--and therefore it cannot be hunted and killed as something external. The only way for the boys to really deal with the evil and save their society is to recognize the potential for their own moral failings and to build their society on a moral foundation. 

What is the "Harm Principle"?

"The only purpose for which power can be rightly exercised over any member of a civilized community against his will, is to prevent harm to others."--John Stuart Mill, On Liberty.

The harm principle is a theory by British philosopher John Stuart Mill that states that a government or society does not have the right to prevent people from actions unless the actions are harmful to others in society. Behavior or actions that do not affect or harm others should not be subject to government or legal scrutiny. Under this principle governments do not have the right to construct laws that protect the individual from actions that may do harm to on himself/herself. While this would seem to create an anarchy or free-for-all, Mill closely associates the principle of utility to his harm principle.

“My right to swing my arm ends where your nose begins.” --Zechariah Chafee, American judicial philosopher

The principle of utility commands that people make decisions based on how those decisions will bring the greatest amount of happiness to the most people. When making a decision between two different paths, the person making the choice should choose the direction that will please the most people. Mill understands that it is very rare for an action to not have an effect on others because all people in society are interconnected through various social systems.

Mill also takes care to define what is meant by "harm." Harm is not an action that simply offends others but actually interferes with the rights, interests, and benefits of another person. Having said that, Mill believed that the freedom of speech was one right that should be protected under the harm principle.

In the story, "The Open Window," Mrs Sappleton begins to talk about her husband and her brothers. Then Framton thinks it was "an unfortunate...

It seems to Framton Nuttel to be a coincidence that he happens to be paying a visit to the Sappletons on an anniversary of the deaths of Mrs. Sappleton's husband and two brothers. Framton feels it is unfortunate because he is a perfect stranger and is imposing on her at a time when she must be remembering the tragic event because of its being an anniversary. According to Vera's story, her aunt has been expecting the three hunters to return for tea every evening for the past three years. Framton feels like an intruder. This is what is unfortunate for him. It is also unfortunate for Mrs. Sappleton because she is compelled as a hostess to give him some of her attention when she would obviously prefer to keep looking out the open window for the return of her husband and brothers.

...he was conscious that his hostess was giving him only a fragment of her attention, and her eyes were constantly straying past him to the open window and the lawn beyond. 

According to Vera, her aunt leaves the tall window open every night until late. Vera knows that her aunt will say the same things tonight as she does every other night. There really is no coincidence. It is not an anniversary of the men's disappearance because they have only been gone for one afternoon. Vera colors her story by making this the third anniversary of their "disappearance" because it may seem somewhat more likely that they should return from the dead on an anniversary of their deaths than at some other arbitrary time. Saki has his character Framton Nuttel reflect that it is an "unfortunate coincidence" that he should be there on the third anniversary because he wants the reader to see that the falsehood has made an impression on the nervous visitor. The men's apparent resurrection on the third anniversary of their deaths is just one more factor that makes it seem plausible--both to Framton and to the reader. If men are to return from the dead, wouldn't they do so on some significant occasion such as an anniversary? Vera must think so; otherwise she would not have made up that detail.

What does Scout admire most about Atticus?

Scout admires many things about her father, but most significantly I believe that she admires Atticus' honesty. Throughout the novel, Scout approaches her father with questions and feels comfortable expressing her feelings to him. Atticus is always honest with his children and always responds to Scout's questions. Atticus tells Scout the meaning of terms such as "nigger-lover" and "rape," and explains certain aspects concerning the Tom Robinson case. Scout trusts that her father will not lie to her and appreciates the fact that she has a parent who is honest. Atticus' honesty significantly influences Scout's moral development and gives her insight into her community. Scout learns about the prevalent prejudice throughout Maycomb and comes to her father with various questions. Scout values the fact that she has an honest father who will give her accurate, true information. 

What are some quotes that prove that Juliet is getting forced to marry Paris just for money and respect in Romeo and Juliet?

Capulet forces Juliet to marry Paris even though she does not love him.

In Shakespeare’s day, women were considered the property of their fathers.  A daughter was a valuable property, because her marriage could be used to bind two families politically.  This is the reason Capulet wants Paris to marry Juliet.  A marriage of a girl killed two birds with one stone.  It got rid of the burden of paying for the girl and enriched the family through the connections it made.

Capulet is particularly anxious to marry off Juliet in an appropriate match because she is his only living daughter.  Since there is only one, he has to make that one count.

The earth hath swallow'd all my hopes but she,
She is the hopeful lady of my earth:
But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart,
My will to her consent is but a part;
An she agree, within her scope of choice
Lies my consent and fair according voice. (Act 1, Scene 2)

Capulet sets his “hopes” on Juliet, because Paris is a very respectable man.  He is too old for Juliet, and she barely knows him, but that matters not.  He is Capulet’s choice.  When Juliet refuses, Capulet gets very angry, threatens to hit her, and tells her he will disown her if she does not do what he says.  He makes fun of her, telling her she is being childish.

A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,
To answer 'I'll not wed; I cannot love,
I am too young; I pray you, pardon me.' (Act 3, Scene 5)

That Juliet does not actually love Paris is obvious.  She is in love with Romeo.  Because Romeo is banished, and no one in her family knows she is married to him, she is really in a bind.

O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,
From off the battlements of yonder tower (Act 4, Scene 1)

So, this is not a love match!  Juliet only avoids it by faking her death.  This turns out to be famously disastrous.  Romeo finds her, thinks she is dead, and kills himself. Juliet awakes too late, and commits suicide out of grief.  In the end, no one gets to have Juliet.

Capulet is rich too, of course.  Nurse mentions that anyone who marries Juliet will get the "chinks," meaning money.  However, even a wealthy family would need to maintain its status by keeping ties to other wealthy and influential families.  Capulet only has one daughter, and he marries her off as soon as he can.

What is the definition of the principal axis of a spherical mirror?

The principal axis of a spherical mirror is a line going through the center of the mirror that is exactly perpendicular (sometimes said "normal") to the surface of the mirror. By definition, a spherical mirror is rotationally symmetrical around its principal axis.

Why is this useful? Well, for one thing, light rays coming into the concave side of a spherical mirror that are parallel to the principal axis will be reflected into a focal point that itself lies on the principal axis. The further the light rays are from the principal axis, the closer to the mirror that focus will lie---so not all light from a spherical mirror is focused in the same place, which is called spherical aberration.

Evaluate the integral by making the given substitution.

You need to evaluate the indefinite integral by performing the indicated substitution  , such that:

Using the formula yields

Replacing back     for u yields:

Hence, evaluating the indefinite integral yields

What is the major conflict in "The Use of Force"? What causes it? How is it resolved?

"The Use of Force" by William Carlos Williams is a short story about a doctor paying a house call to a poor rural family. Their daughter is ill and although the doctor's modest fee is difficult for them to afford, they are very worried about their child. The doctor is also worried because there has been a diphtheria outbreak in their community. Not only is diphtheria highly infectious but it can also be life-threatening, especially for children. Thus it is very important that the doctor be able to look at the child's throat to determine whether she actually does have diphtheria.

The young child is trying to avoid being examined and becomes hysterical, struggling almost to the point of self-harm to avoid letting the doctor look into her throat. Eventually the doctor succeeds in examining her and notes that she does have diphtheria, resolving the conflict, although he feels very uncomfortable about having used physical force.

A conical tent of radius, 3m and height 4.2m, was assembled by the boy scouts. How much or does it enclose?

The formula for the volume of a right circular cone is V=1/3(pi)r^2h where r is the radius of the base and h the vertical distance from the base to the apex.

We are given r=3m and h=4.2m so we can compute the volume:

or the volume is approximately

When does Boo Radley lose his innocence? Was it when his family locked him up, when he stabbed his father, or when he killed Bob Ewell?

I would argue that Boo Radley never loses his innocence. During the first half of the novel, readers learn, through the stories and play of the children, many rumors about Boo including his supposedly ghastly physical appearance, the "fact" that he stabbed his own father with a pair of scissors, and the reports that he lurks through the neighborhood peering in people's windows, eating cats, and freezing flowers with his breath. These rumors are contrasted with Boo's actual kind acts which include leaving tokens in the knothole for the kids, putting a blanket around Scout during Miss Maudie's house fire, and, eventually, rescuing Jem and Scout from Bob Ewell.

In fact, the only information we get about Boo from reputable grown-ups (the combination of Miss Maudie and Atticus) is that Boo was "made a ghost" because his uber-conservative parents shut him away due to their restrictive interpretation of scripture (Miss Maudie calls the Radleys "foot-washin' Baptists" as opposed to regular Baptists like herself). It seems most likely that because of the hidden reality of Boo's upbringing, he lives his adult life in a sort of suspended childhood state where his only entertainment is watching Jem, Scout, and Dill grow up. This theory is supported by the childish nature of his gifts in the knothole and the general shyness and fear of the dark he demonstrates at the end (Scout has to walk him home).

So, at the end, while the evidence supports that Boo killed Bob Ewell, he did it as a sort of guardian angel to Jem and Scout; he didn't do it out of any sort of malicious hatred for Bob or any sort of vigilante justice—he was simply protecting "his children." When Atticus and Heck Tate sort out the clues and put two and two together (Jem was unconscious and couldn't have stabbed Bob, and Scout's narration indicates that Bob couldn't have fallen on his knife), Heck decides he's going to cover for Boo.

Heck says, "Mr. Finch, taking the one man who's done you and this town a great service an' draggin' him with his shy ways into the limelight--to me that's a sin. It's a sin and I'm not about to have it on my head" (Lee 318). Atticus, ever the bastion of honesty, worries about what kind of example covering up the truth will set for Scout, so he asks her if she understands, and she answers, "Well, it'd be sort of like shootin' a mockingbird, wouldn't it?" (Lee 318).

Since Atticus had already declared it a sin to kill a mockingbird because they only provide music and do no harm, they are an established symbol of innocence. Boo Radley WOULD HAVE lost his innocence if Heck had exposed him to the town so that they could celebrate and reward his heroic rescue of the children or maybe even put him on trial for Bob's death. Like shooting a mockingbird, bringing Boo into the public eye would destroy his innocence, so instead they let Scout walk him home, never to be seen again (by Scout at least) with his innocence preserved.

In The Giver, what does The Giver tell Jonas when he is transmitting the memories to Jonas?

The Giver tells Jonas to lie down with his shirt off and he places his hands on his back to transmit the memories.

The first time Jonas received a memory, he had no idea what was happening.  The Giver had tried to explain to him that the memories felt like he was sledding downhill, but Jonas had no understanding of sleds, hills, or snow.  The Giver told him that the first memory would be of snow then.

"Well, it's a place to start. I'd been wondering how to begin. Move to the bed, and lie face down. Remove your tunic first." (Ch. 10)

Jonas has been told that he will experience pain during his training, and that he needs courage.  This worries him a little.  No on in the community has ever really known pain, because if anyone gets hurt they are given pain relief medicine immediately.  Jonas knows the memories will sometimes hurt.

The Giver assures Jonas that the first memory will not hurt though.

"Close your eyes. Relax. This will not be painful." (Ch. 10)

This is pretty much the procedure for The Giver when giving all of the memories to Jonas.  After the first time, The Giver asks Jonas how he feels, and Jonas says that he is surprised.  Since he never experienced any kind of weather before and there are no hills, sledding is a completely new experience for him.  After the memory, the Giver wants to continue but Jonas has a lot of questions. 

For the second memory, The Giver tells Jonas that he wants to know if Jonas can come to understandings on his own.

"Lie quietly now. Since we've entered into the topic of climate, let me give you something else. And this time I'm not going to tell you the name of it, because I want to test the receiving. You should be able to perceive the name without being told. …” (Ch. 10)

The second memory is different from the first because instead of being cold, Jonas is warm.  He also is not told that it is sunshine he is experiencing.  The word and concept just come to him from the memory.

The procedure is pretty much the same for every transmission.  He asks Jonas to lie down, and sometimes tells him what he will give him and sometimes does not.  Jonas comes in one day and The Giver is in great pain.  He asks Jonas to take some of it.

In what chapter were the twins, Piper and Russell, introduced in Maniac Magee?

The twins Russell and Piper appear in Chapter 34 when they are trying to run away to Mexico.

Maniac is at Valley Forge, where he is planning to live in a recreated cabin for a while, when he realizes that there are a couple of kids there too.  They had the same idea.  Maniac goes to check in on them, nicknaming them Missing Tooth and Screecher in his head. 

Maniac asks them where they are going.

The answer came from both: "Mexico!" Maniac bit back a grin. When they stood, he saw they couldn't have been more than four feet tall or eight years old. "Well," he said, "it's good and warm down there, but it's pretty far, you know." (Ch. 34)

The kids have a stash of junk food with them that they clearly did not pay for.  Russell scolds Piper for telling Maniac that they stole it, but Piper assures Russell that it’s okay because they did not tell him where they stole it from.

The boys are afraid Maniac might be a cop.  He has the pizza from untying the knot, so he tells them that he’s no cop--he's a pizza delivery boy.

"Not me," said Maniac. He moved in from the doorway. "I'm" -- and with only a moment's pause, the story came to him -- "a pizza delivery boy. We have a contest every week, and you two were chosen for a free pizza." (Ch. 34)

The boys buy the story that Maniac came to deliver them a free pizza.  Although he is a runaway himself, Maniac convinces the boys to return home.  They can go to Mexico the next day.  He promises to show them a shortcut.

Maniac returns the boys to their big brother, "Big John McNab" of the Cobras.  Of course, he is wondering what Maniac is doing with his little brothers!  The kids are impressed when they find out that the famous Maniac Magee delivered them a pizza.

What passages in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird show life lessons about friendship and family?

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, the children's relationship with Arthur (Boo) Radley best represents lessons about friendship.

Arthur Radley is significantly stigmatized by Maycomb's society due to the fact he is a recluse who never leaves his home. As a result, Maycomb's citizens have circulated many rumors about why he never leaves his house, such as Miss Stephanie Crawford's rumor that he has been kept under house arrest by his father and now his brother for being mentally unstable. Due to the rumors and stigmatization, Maycomb's children have given Arthur Radley the name Boo Radley and frequently mock him.

Jem, Scout, and Dill particularly become guilty of mocking Arthur when Dill comes up with the idea to try and make Arthur come out of his house. One thing they do to mock him is re-enact Miss Stephanie's rumors in their yard, which is in Arthur's line of sight from his house.

However, despite mocking him, the children begin understanding that Arthur is doing kind things for them and reaching out to them in his own special way. For example, after a failed nighttime attempt to try and get a glimpse of Arthur in his window, Jem returns to the Radley property at 2 am to retrieve his lost trousers and finds them lying on the fence, neatly folded, and mended. The children also begin finding items in a knothole in one of the oak trees on the Radley lot and soon come to realize they are gifts from Arthur. The most noteworthy gifts are two bars of soap craftily carved to look just like the children. As soon as Jem becomes convinced the objects they are finding are gifts to them from Arthur, he sets out to leave Arthur a thank you note but is devastated to find that Arthur's care-taking brother, Nathan Radley, had filled in the knothole with cement. Jem is so devastated he cries because he feels guilty for having mocked Arthur and devastated by the fact they have no way to show Arthur kindness in return. We know Jem cries based on Scout's following narration the day Jem realized Nathan had filled in the knothole:

He stood there until nightfall, and I waited for him. When we went in the house I saw he had been crying; his face was dirty in the right places, but I thought it odd that I had not heard him. (Ch. 7)

Another memorable act of kindness Arthur shows the children is when he sneaks out of his house at night to cover Scout up with a blanket while Jem and Scout wait in front of the Radley property for the town to put out Miss Maudie's house fire. Finally, when Scout's and Jem's lives are threatened by Bob Ewell, Arthur is the one who comes to their rescue, risking public exposure by stabbing and killing Ewell in defense.

As Scout comes to realize by the end of the novel, Arthur acted kindly towards the children because he cared about them; he saw them as his friends, or, more specifically, as Scout phrases it, he saw them as "his children" (Ch. 31). Hence, Arthur Radley's actions in the face of the children's mockery gives us a lesson about the unconditional love felt by true friends.

Evaluate the integral

 Rewrite the integrand using the identity 

Now let's evaluate  using integration by parts,

Substitute cos(x)=t

-sin(x)dx=dt

substitute back t=cos(x),

C is a constant

Describe the appearance of the Ghost of Christmas Past in A Christmas Carol

In Stave Two of A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past. This "strange figure" appears to Scrooge as a cross between a child and a old man. It has, for instance, an unwrinkled face and a tender "bloom" on the skin. Its arms and hands were "long and muscular," again suggesting youth, as are its bare feet and legs. The ghost's long, white hair, however, is suggestive of old age. 

The ghost's clothing is a further source of fascination for Scrooge. It wears a tunic "of the purest white" and has a "lustrous belt" tied around its waist. It hold a fresh sprig of holly in its hand, a symbol of Christmas, while its tunic is decorated with summer flowers. This contrast is, perhaps, deliberate and suggests that Dickens wants to encourage the Christmas spirit all year round. 

What is most striking about the ghost's physical appearance, however, is the jet of white light which protrudes from its head. This light is so strong that the ghost carries a cap which can be used to extinguish the light. Scrooge attempts to use the cap at the end of this stave but is unsuccessful. No matter what he does, he cannot extinguish this light and change the ghost's physical appearance. This is because the light represents the reformation of Scrooge's character: he is already beginning to reform and there can be no turning back. 

What does Giles Corey do to influence the court (three examples) and what happens to them as a result (three examples)?

First, Giles Corey inadvertently helped the court to get off the ground when he tells Mr. Hale in Act One that his wife reads "strange books" and "hides them" from him.  Further, he mentions that he "tried and tried" to pray the night before and was unable to do it until she "walk[ed] out of the house."  Once his wife left, he could pray again.  The "stoppage of prayer" is an phenomenon relevant to witchcraft, and Hale seems to become immediately suspicious.  As a result of Corey's words, his wife is later taken into custody, questioned, and convicted of witchcraft.  In Act Three, he comes to court to try to plead her case, but he is denied entry.  She is later executed.

Second, in Act Three, Corey brings a deposition which claims that "Thomas Putnam is reaching out for land" and prompting his daughter to accuse men whose property he wants to purchase.  As a result of his refusal to name the man who told him that he heard Putnam say as much, he is arrested, jailed, and later killed.

Third, in Act Four, we learn from Elizabeth Proctor that Corey never would enter a plea -- guilty or not guilty -- and so his trial could not proceed.  He was pressed to death by the court in an attempt to force him to enter a plea.  Because he "died Christian under the law" his "sons will have his farm."  When John Proctor hears this, he begins to consider confessing a lie to the court in order to save his life.  When he eventually rescinds this confession and is executed, we understand that the trials cannot last much longer due to the change in the public's opinion concerning the guilt of the convicted and the court's fear of riots in the town.  

How does Atticus allow Scout and Jem to express themselves in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Atticus allows his children to express themselves by giving them a number of freedoms.

Atticus allows his children to express themselves by speaking to him on any topic; Scout dresses as she wants in overalls; the children can shoot their air rifles and play act as long as they do not ridicule anyone. They can bring children such as Walter Cunningham home for lunch without reprisal, and they are allowed free speech to adults as long as they are respectful.After Scout is scolded repeatedly by Miss Caroline, she tells her father that evening about what has happened, and he does not scold her harshly, so that she will not be afraid to talk with him. Instead, he teaches her to try to understand her teacher by "climbing into her skin" and trying to understand her. Then, he makes an agreement with Scout not to say anything at school about her continuing to read the Mobile Register with him in the evening. This action endears him to Scout as he has corrected her, while at the same time he has made an agreement with her so that he "will not get into trouble" with Miss Caroline. Furthermore, Scout is never afraid to ask Atticus what certain words mean, such as rape. He always answers her questions or those of Jem with straightforward answers.

In another instance, when Atticus is threatened by the Old Sarum Bunch at the jailhouse, Scout and Jem come to give him aid. Being a protective father, Atticus tells his children to go home; however, in their love for him, they defy him and stay. Scout goes so far as to address Mr. Cunningham, hoping to diffuse the tension. When her efforts accomplish the discomfiture of Mr. Cunningham, he summons his relatives and friends, and they depart. Instead of scolding his children for their disobedience, Atticus lovingly rubs Jem's head as they all walk home.

In the final chapter when the decision must be made about how Sheriff Tate will report the murder of Bob Ewell, Atticus is reluctant to concur with Tate's version until he consults Scout, who reaffirms Tate's contentions by quoting her father's own advice: "It'd be sorta like shootin' a mockingbird, wouldn't it?" Then, valuing the wisdom of her remark, he agrees--"Atticus put his face in my hair and rubbed it."

Atticus Finch allows his children a certain freedom to express themselves because he understands that through their acts of expression they learn to think, and they acquire self-esteem.

How can I use the criteria for "good poetry" set forth by E. B. Browning in Aurora Leigh to analyze Robert Browning's poem "Child Roland to the...

Elizabeth Barrett Browning sets forth the elements of good writing in her poem, Aurora Leigh. Here is what she advises:

1) Good writing should comfort and encourage; Aurora tells us how she writes  what her admirer (Romney) says, and how this strengthens her in time of need.

To keep it in my eyes, as in my ears,
The heart's sweet scripture, to be read at night
When weary, or at morning when afraid... (from Book 1 of Aurora Leigh)

2) True art speaks of spiritual considerations. Anyone who writes without thought for the human need to combine the practical with the spiritual deals deceitfully with one's readers.

Natural things
And spiritual,–who separates those two
In art, in morals, or the social drift,
Tears up the bond of nature and brings death,
Paints futile pictures, writes unreal verse,
Leads vulgar days, deals ignorantly with men,
Is wrong, in short, at all points. (from Book VII of Aurora Leigh)

3) True art portrays a hidden, transcendental realm which refines man and mirrors humanity's quest for meaning and redemption.

Thus is Art
Self-magnified in magnifying a truth
Which, fully recognized, would change the world
And shift its morals. (from the Seventh Book of Aurora Leigh)

4) A writer or poet should write from his/her heart; one's writing should be authentic in context and content.

For me, I wrote
False poems, like the rest, and thought them true.
Because myself was true in writing them.
I, peradventure, have writ true ones since
With less complacence. (from Book 1 of Aurora Leigh)

In Robert Browning's poem, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, the narrator is on a quest to find the Dark Tower. Why the Dark Tower is important to him, we do not know. His quest may represent a futile cause or a genuine goal. Either way, the poet leaves it up to us to define the meaning of Roland's journey. What we do know is that he has exhausted many years of his life in search of this nebulous tower. In the poem, he agonizes over the fact that he may not be successful in achieving his goal.

Thus, I had so long suffered in this quest,
Heard failure prophesied so oft, been writ
So many times among ’The Band’ to wit,
The knights who to the Dark Tower’s search addressed
Their steps - that just to fail as they, seemed best,
And all the doubt was now - should I be fit?

As E.B. Browning attests, good poetry describes a transcending experience which refines man's soul. This is true in Robert Browning's poem as well. Our narrator endures strange, emotionally draining experiences as he ventures deeper into treacherous environments on the road to the tower. His struggle to attain self-actualization is circumscribed by earthly considerations. E. B. Browning tells us that good writing explores the harder 'social questions' of the day.

And I will carve the world new after it,
And solve so, these hard social questions,–nay,
Impossible social questions,–since their roots
Strike deep in Evil's own existence here,
Which God permits because the question's hard
To abolish evil nor attaint free-will. (from the Eighth Book of Aurora Leigh).

Our narrator in Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came relates how the men who had gone before him failed to achieve the quest for the Dark Tower. He remembers how brave and courageous many of them were and how, one by one, all were lost. When he finally reaches the Dark Tower, his success is bittersweet; it is marred by his memories of the dead. However, as he walks toward the Dark Tower, he sees a flaming vision of his once-living peers ushering him towards the completion of his task. Thus, good writing successfully depicts the human journey towards self-determination and self-actualization. Compare the last stanzas of Childe Roland to the Dark Tower and Aurora Leigh and you will see how similar the two are:

It is the hour for souls;
That bodies, leavened by the will and love,
Be lightened to redemption. The world's old;
But the old world waits the hour to be renewed:
Toward which, new hearts in individual growth
Must quicken, and increase to multitude
In new dynasties of the race of men,–
Developed whence, shall grow spontaneously
New churches, new economies, new laws
Admitting freedom, new societies
Excluding falsehood... (from Book Eight of Aurora Leigh).

There they stood, ranged along the hillsides, met
To view the last of me, a living frame
For one more picture! In a sheet of flame
I saw them and I knew them all. And yet
Dauntless the slug-horn to my lips I set,
And blew. ’Childe Roland to the Dark Tower came.’(from the last stanza of Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came).

John Proctor pleads, "I have given you my soul; leave me my name!" Explain how this desire to keep his name is connected to the theme of reputation...

At the end of Act 4, Proctor is ashamed of himself for "confessing" to witchcraft because he is lying. Even though he lies to save his own life, it still feels wrong to him. Earlier, when speaking with Elizabeth, we saw him attempting to justify to himself why such an action is right. He says,

God in Heaven, what is John Proctor, what is John Proctor?  [....]  I think it it honest, I think so; I am no saint.  [...] Let Rebecca go like a saint; for me it is fraud!

Because of his prior sin of adultery, Proctor believes himself to be beyond redemption, already lacking in integrity. If he's already damned, then what's the harm of telling a lie now? He cannot be more damned, and so he might as well live. He says that others, like Rebecca Nurse, really are untainted by sin and so it would actually be a lie for him to go to the gallows looking like he, too, is sinless. When Elizabeth will not say that she would lie in his place, he says, "It is evil. Good, then -- it is evil, and I do it!" He no longer feels that he has integrity, as Rebecca and Elizabeth do, and so he would be misrepresenting himself if he acted as though he did.

When Danforth then requires him to sign his "confession" so that it can be hung on the church door for all to see, John signs it but immediately snatches it up, refusing to hand it over. He cries that he will not hand over the signed document

Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies!  Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!

He feels that, in confessing a lie, he has not only cemented his own lack of integrity but also that he has confirmed his own moral worthlessness. His lie, though it will save his life, will appear to confirm the guilt of the others who will not confess, and this brings him even lower in his own eyes. Without integrity, all he will have left in his life is his reputation, and his reputation will be blackened by the appearance of his name on this dishonest confession. According to Miller's stage direction, Proctor "knows it is insane." It doesn't really make sense that his name, his reputation, what others think of him, should seem to be worth more to him than his own integrity, what he thinks of himself. And so he tears his confession up, crying, 

You have made your magic now, for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. Not enough to weave a banner with, but white enough to keep it from such dogs.

In this moment, he seems to realize that his prior sin of adultery does not mean that he cannot redeem himself in this moment. He may have made the wrong decision then, but he can make the right decision now. In the end, his decision to not lie in order to save his life actually convinces him that he does still have some integrity left, and so he once more becomes sensible of his own "goodness." Integrity is so important to his sense of self that he chooses to retain it and die rather than sacrifice it and live.

His wife, too, realizes the power such a realization has had on Proctor, and when Hale begs her to reason with him, she says, "He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!" In the end, integrity is more vital than reputation, and in preserving his integrity, Proctor keeps his name -- his reputation -- in tact as well.

What is the setting of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens?

Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is set in London, England. The exact year is not specified, but it is during the Industrial Revolution, sometime in the early 1800s. London is divided between the very rich, and the very poor; it is difficult for most people to make ends meet, and workhouses and debtor's prisons are where a lot of the poor end up when they cannot pay their bills. The entire story takes place on a cold, foggy, dreary Christmas Eve, from about the time work ends in Scrooge's office, until Christmas morning and afternoon.  The novel begins in Scrooge's office, where he has, against his wishes, given his employee Bob Cratchit the entire day of Christmas off. Dickens then shows Scrooge's house, where he lives as cheaply as possible.There is a lot of flashback and flashforward to scenes of other Christmases in Scrooge's life, as the ghosts take him to different times. We see happier scenes from Scrooge's past in school and in Fezziwig's company, and in the present in Cratchit's home. Dickens also takes us to the sad future of the Cratchits' home, and to Scrooge's grave.

What moral dilemmas did Thomas Jefferson face over the Louisiana Purchase?

The biggest dilemma Jefferson faced over the Louisiana Purchase was both moral and philosophical. Jefferson had always believed in "strict constructionism," a literal interpretation of the Constitution. This meant that he thought the US government should not be allowed to exercise a power unless it was specifically listed in the Constitution. During the presidency of George Washington, for example, he had been opposed to the National Bank because the Constitution did not mention chartering a bank among the powers granted to Congress. Jefferson thought this approach was the best way to limit the powers of government and preserve the liberties of the people. 

When he was offered Louisiana, a territory that would double the size of the United States and guarantee permanent access to the Mississippi River, he understood its significance. But he also knew that the Constitution did not specifically grant the power to purchase territory to Congress or the President. So by asking Congress to approve the purchase, he was in some ways acting against his beliefs about the proper powers of government. He was criticized for this by many of his Federalist opponents, but most Americans approved of the Purchase and recognized it for the bargain that it was.

During the Great Awakening people were called to what three things?

The Great Awakening was a revival of interest in religion and religious issues between 1720-1750. There were several main points of emphasis of the Great Awakening.

One point of emphasis was that people were becoming too concerned with material issues and not concerned enough with religious issues. The Great Awakening called people to focus more on religious concepts instead of focusing on material ones.

The Great Awakening also encouraged people to attend religious services more often. People began to attend church services and to listen to preachers like George Whitefield. These preachers would give fiery sermons and spread the word of G-d.

The Great Awakening also encouraged religious diversity. There were so many different religious denominations, that people were more tolerant of these different religious denominations. The main point was that more people were incorporating some religious practice in their life. Whether that meant attending services or spreading the word of G-d, more people were focusing on religion and religious issues as a result of the Great Awakening.

How Does The Flight Of Duncan's Sons Play Into Macbeth's Hands

There is a big question about the murder of King Duncan. What good would it do Macbeth to murder him when his son Malcolm was his obvious successor. Did Macbeth plan to murder all three--Duncan, Malcolm, and Donalbain--on the same night. Shakespeare did not seem to be planning very far ahead when he was writing the gripping scenes leading up to the murder of the King. It would appear that Shakespeare was counting on his own powers of invention to help him out. 

Shakespeare seems to have given Macbeth a few cryptic lines to suggest that he does have plans to do something about Malcolm and Donalbain but doesn't want to think about them at the moment. These lines are contained in the following dialogue in Act 1, Scene 4:

DUNCAN:
Sons, kinsmen, thanes,
And you whose places are the nearest, know
We will establish our estate upon
Our eldest, Malcolm, whom we name hereafter
The Prince of Cumberland; 

MACBETH:
[Aside.] The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step
On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap,
For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;
Let not light see my black and deep desires:
The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be
Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.

Macbeth knows Malcolm would succeed his father, and, for that matter, Donalbain would succeed Malcolm if anything happened to his older brother. The lines Macbeth speaks to himself in an aside are intended to suggest that Macbeth must be planning to murder Duncan and his two sons that same night. He will never have another such opportunity. But Shakespeare evidently did not want to tell the audience what Macbeth was planning, simply because Shakespeare didn't know himself! He had enough to worry about with the murder of the King.

Shakespeare was a very busy man. He was not just a writer but a director, producer, casting director, manager, part owner of the theater, and even an actor. He probably had to work on his scripts when he could find the time and could not plan them out fully in advance. If he painted himself into a corner, so to speak, he had to rely on his genius to paint an escape exit on the wall to get him out. In other words, he probably didn't know how he was going to deal with Malcolm and Donalbain but was relying on his muse to help him--and she did!

When Macbeth has a meeting with Banquo in Act 2, Scene 1, he seems to be sounding Banquo out about joining him in his plot. Macbeth would like very much to have some help in dispatching three victims on the same night. But Banquo makes it clear that he is completely loyal to Duncan. Then when Macbeth finally kills Duncan, it would appear that he could not go ahead with murdering Malcolm and Donalbain (if that was what he planned) for a variety of reasons.

• He lost his nerve. He was so horrified by what he had done to Duncan that he began hallucinating. When his wife tells him to take the two daggers back to Duncan's chamber and smear the grooms' faces with blood, he says: "I'll go no more. / I am afraid to think what I have done; / Look on't again I dare not." He is in no condition to commit two more murders.


• Macbeth thinks he has heard a voice crying "Sleep no more!" loud enough to wake up the entire house. This is probably his imagination, but it is just as effective in preventing him from prowling around the corridors as if it were real.


• Then begins that ominous knocking at the gate which becomes louder and more insistent. It will wake up everybody in the castle, including, no doubt, Malcolm and Donalbain.


• It is noteworthy that Macbeth asks his wife, "Hark! Who lies i' th' second chamber?" She tells him Donalbain. He isn't even sure where to find the two boys.

So after the body is discovered, Shakespeare has Malcolm and Donalbain decide to flee for their lives. He didn't want to show Macbeth killing two young boys because he wanted to preserve some modicum of audience sympathy for his hero--and he knew he would lose it if he showed Macbeth killing two innocent boys in their beds. This expedient seems to have been a last-minute inspiration of Shakespeare's. It works perfectly because he can blame Duncan's murder on his sons. The idea is that they hired Duncan's two grooms to kill their father. They are not there to defend themselves, and Macbeth has killed the grooms to keep them from giving any testimony. No doubt many people, including Banquo, suspect Macbeth of being responsible for Duncan's death. But Macbeth manages to get elected Duncan's successor, and after that he doesn't care what people think--and they all know they had better not say what they are thinking anyway. 

In Act 2, scene 1 what is Benvolio's tone? Why would Romeo be mad at Mercutio's remarks?

In Act 2, scene 1, of Romeo and Juliet the party has just ended and everyone is heading home after an evening of debauchery. Romeo has separated himself from his friends and hidden in the garden, after falling in love with Juliet. He can still hear his friends, but he hopes to catch a glimpse of the woman that he loves. 

Benvolio calls for Romeo, since he's ready to head home, but Romeo doesn't answer. His tone is friendly and placating, since Mercutio clearly doesn't want to stay any longer. Mercutio calls out to Romeo in a mocking way, poking fun at Romeo's unrequited feelings for Rosaline, summoning him in her name by describing her beautiful body.

Romeo continues to ignore them and Mercutio grows more impudent, saying that he wishes that Rosaline would sleep with Romeo already, making a vulgar joke about a fruit tree that would probably be in the garden. If Romeo were still in love with Rosaline, he would probably be furious at how cavalierly Mercutio is talking about her - much the same way that we wouldn't want our friends disrespecting our loved ones in a sexual tone. Now that Romeo is in love with Juliet, he no longer cares about what Mercutio says regarding Rosaline.  

After Mercutio and Benvolio grow tired of waiting for Romeo to appear, they leave, presumably heading to bed. Upon their departure, Romeo mentions that it's easy for those who have never been in love to joke about how much it hurts. "He jests at scars that never felt a wound." (2,2)

Explain how barriers to communicate may be overcome socially.

There are multiple ways to overcome barriers to effective communication in a social setting. In healthcare, in particular, understanding the barriers and appropriate communication tools will assist in moving forward with effective communication.

First, both the speaker and the listener need to be actively involved in the communication. Moreover, each must recognize that more is being communicated than the spoken word or what is heard. Each member must respect the other's viewpoint, as well as understand their reference point and cultural perspective.

Second, each individual in the communication must recognize what their personal biases are in the scenario. Everyone brings their own past judgements and perceptions to a situation. Recognizing individual judgements and perceptions will help in better understanding other issues, such as cultural differences. 

Third, those communicating to each other should recognize other additional issues brought to the table. Those issues may involve information brought in from outside sources, or be the result of changed language from an interpreter, a lack of understanding of the issue, or the result of needing to add additional information to illuminate the conversation. For example, in a doctor-patient relationship, a doctor may use words or scenarios that a patient does not understand. On the other hand, a patient may be using a point of reference based on cultural, socioeconomic, or familial involvement. 

Who are the characters in "The Doll's House" by Katherine Mansfield?

The characters in the short story "The Doll's House" are the following:

Lil Kelvey- the older of the two Kelvey sister. She is often seen in a protective role, as Else Kelvey always follows her around and sticks really close to her. Lil is known for the "silly smile" she gives even as she is directly insulted by her classmates. She is described in the story as 

“stout, plain child, with big freckles.”

Else Kelvey- the younger Kelvey sister usually walks closely to her sister as if seeking for her protection. It is Else who, ultimately, gets to see the doll house's lamp, which is so important to the story.

Kezia Burnell- Kezia is the youngest of the Burnell sisters, who are well-to-do, and receive the beautiful dollhouse as a gift. Kezia is also the one most fascinated with the miniature oil lamp of the doll's house. Additionally, it is Kezia who approaches the Kelveys and, in a never-before-seen move, asks them to come over and see the famous doll's house. 

Isabel Burnell is the eldest of the Burnell sisters- She is described as "bossy" and clearly was in control of the other two sisters as far as the doll house goes. Isabel always wants to be the first to talk about it. 

Lottie, the middle child of the Burnells, was more akin to her older sister, Isabel, in that they both "enjoyed visitors" and loved having them over to look at their doll's house. 

The adult characters include:

Mrs. Kelvey- a washerwoman, and the mother of the girls. 

Mr. Kelvey- not a character in the story except by mention; He is the father of the Kelvey girls, and presumed to be in jail. 

Mrs. Hay- a guest at the Burnell household, and the person who gifted the dollhouse to the girls. 

Aunt Beryl- the Burnell's aunt and the person who ran off the Kelveys upon seeing them in the home. 

Emmie Cole, Jessy May, Lena Logan- kids from school who bullied the Kelveys. 

Ms. Lecky- postmistress who handed down her hat to Mrs. Kelvey and now Lil wears it.

The teacher- She is mean and makes faces whenever Lil comes to bring her flowers that she picks on her way to school. 

Pat- a driver in the Burnell household and servant. 

Willie Brent- a potential love interest of Aunt Beryl.

What are some major events in Chapters 18, 19, 20, and 21? What is the climax in these chapters? What could have Isabel done to avoid the situation...

The main focus of Chapter 18 is the hanging of Thomas Hickory, accused of plotting the assassination of George Washington.

Isabel attends the hanging, and meets Curzon there, the slave who has persuaded her to spy on her masters. She asks him when she and Ruth will be able to leave New York, but he brushes her aside, saying they will be free eventually.

In Chapter 19, Isabel is forced to go to an Anglican church service, and she compares it (unfavorably) to the open, straight-forward Congregational church she used to attend. 

The British arrive in town during the service, and the Tory congregation packs up to run home. Ruth is frightened and refuses to move for some time, but Isabel plays it off. 

What Isabel is not able to play off is when Ruth dumps muddy water in the washing bin where Isabel had been doing the laundry. Madam Lockton sees her and knows something is wrong with Ruth. 

In Chapter 20, the town is preparing for a big battle between the redcoats and the rebels and excitement is high.

Meanwhile, Isabel returns from an errand to hear that Madam has made the slaves gingerbread and milk and given them the night off, after begin lectured on her treatment of them by the preacher's wife. Isabel is suspicious, but Becky encourages her to enjoy it while it lasts. 

In Chapter 21, Isabel wakes up to discover that Madam has drugged her with the milk.

While she was sleeping, and Becky had the night off, Madam sold Ruth to be a doctor's maid in the Caribbean. 

At the climax of this section of the novel, Isabel confronts Madam for what she's done. Afraid of Isabel's anger and refusal to obey an order, Madam breaks a painting over her head.

Isabel runs to the rebel camp, demanding help, with Madam hot on her trail. Colonel Regan insists that Isabel return with Madam. Isabel tried to escape, but it hit on the head. 

As to the question of what Isabel could have done to escape the tragedies of Chapter 21, it's hard to say whether or not she could do anything. Certainly she has misplaced her trust in Madam's kindness and the Colonel's promises. Still, she had misgivings about both already, and trusted in them because she felt she had little choice. I would argue that these events were unavoidable, due to the way slavery limited Isabel's options. 

In Chapter 27, think about the three events that Scout describes regarding Mr. Ewell. What are the three events? How could these events be depicted...

In Chapter 27, three things happen that foreshadow Ewell's attempt to harm Atticus and his family. The first thing that happens is that Bob loses his job at the WPA for laziness. The WPA stands for Works Progress Administration, which was part of Roosevelt's New Deal that employed Americans to carry out public works programs during the Great Depression. Scout mentions that Bob Ewell openly accuses Atticus of getting him fired, and found himself forgotten as Tom Robinson. (Lee 332) The second thing that happens is when Judge Taylor is reading on a Sunday night, and he hears something scratching near the rear end of his house. When he gets up to check it out, he catches a glimpse of a man's shadow running away. The third thing that happens is that Bob Ewell attempts to threaten Helen Robinson, Tom's wife, while she is walking down the public road. Scout says that he "chunked at her," and she tells her boss Link Deas. After Link Deas warns Ewell to leave Helen alone, Bob follows her to work the next day, keeping his distance and cursing underneath his breath. Link Deas tells Bob that he'll report him if he hears about Bob bothering Helen again.

These three events depict Bob Ewell's slow advance in enacting revenge on those who wronged him during the trial. We know that Bob Ewell is a coward, so his half-hearted attempts to scare Judge Taylor and Helen Robinson are not surprising. After he loses his job at the WPA, the first person he blames is Atticus. It is safe to assume the next person he will attempt to intimidate or harm will be Atticus. He's already spit in Atticus' face, so it can be surmised that his next attempt will be to physically assault him. One cannot predict that he will attempt to harm Jem or Scout, but the reader can predict he will go after Atticus again.

How does being trapped beneath the tree help Gradwitz and Znaeym arrive at a reconciliation?

It does seem odd that the men reconcile only after being pinned down underneath a tree.  I think there are two reasons why this happened. 

First, the men are badly hurt.  Ulrich probably has broken legs.  The text states that his feet would have been broken were it not for his heavy boots.  Georg is also hurt.  In fact, he is bleeding from his head.  The blood is over his eyes to the point of impairing his vision. So, they are probably thinking of their own mortality.  When a person contemplates death, things are put into perspective.  In the face of death petty things are really seen as petty.  So, their quarrel is minimized. 

Second, the men are forced to stay together for a prolonged period of time.  This enables each man to see the humanity in the other.  When this happens, you cannot demonize the other person.  In other words, when you see another person as a fellow human, you are more apt to show compassion and befriend them. 

What is the historical and/or cultural value of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice with respect to the time period in which it was written?

Jane Austen was born and raised during the Industrial Revolution, which began in England between 1760 and 1785. Austen herself was born in 1775 and died during the Regency period, which spanned from 1811 to 1820. The Industrial Revolution refers to the time in which England transitioned from a mostly agricultural economy to a mostly manufacturing economy, a transition that created many social changes. One of those social changes was the emergence of the middle class. The new mass production methods of the Industrial Revolution allowed many of the merchants and shopkeepers, who prior to the Industrial Revolution were part of the poor lower class, to increase in wealth and rise in social class. Suddenly, many merchants and shopkeepers had as much money as the landed gentry, enough to purchase their own estates and rub shoulders with the landed gentry, thereby creating a brand new social class--the middle class. Austen witnessed that the rise in the middle class created brand new prejudices and brand new social problems. Austen uses her novel Pride and Prejudice to satirize these prejudices and social changes, showing us the historical and cultural value of the novel in the period in which it was written.

Austen uses such characters as the Bingleys and Bennets, as well as others, to reflect the social changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution. Early on in the novel, Austen makes a point of informing the readers that Mr. Bingley's fortune "had been acquired by trade," specifically through the business of his late father (Ch. 4). She further notes that Mr. Bingley's sisters have conveniently forgotten their fortune was earned by trade in favor of remembering that they are only very handsome women and of a "respectable family in the north," which makes them feel they have the right to look down their noses at others, even if other people are technically speaking of higher social rank than they are. For example, they snub the Bennets because, even though Mr. Bennet is a member of the landed gentry, a higher social class than the Bingleys are in, Mr. Bennet married a tradesman's daughter. Hence, Bingley's sisters conveniently forget that they are also daughters of a tradesman in order to snub Elizabeth and Jane, daughters of a gentleman. The Bingley sisters' treatment of others shows us the extent to which members of the new middle class developed their own ridiculous prejudices, all on account of their newly acquired wealth.

Not only did members of the new middle class develop their own prejudices, members of the landed gentry and aristocracy acted upon prejudices against the middle class. As members of the middle class acquired new wealth, they also began marrying members of the landed gentry and aristocracy, an act some in England's aristocracy found to be repulsive. Austen uses Lady Catherine de Bourgh to illustrate the aristocracy's reaction against members of the middle class and higher classes marrying, a reaction that was due to the aristocracy's prejudices.

When Lady Catherine finds out there is a possibility that her nephew, Mr. Darcy, will propose to Elizabeth, a gentleman's daughter with tradespeople connections, she promptly pays Elizabeth a visit to attempt to force Elizabeth to promise not to marry Mr Darcy should he ask. Austen satirizes the ridiculousness of Lady Catherine's prejudices against Elizabeth, as well as the prejudices of all the aristocracy, in Elizabeth's following response:

In marrying your nephew, I should not consider myself as quitting that sphere. He is a gentleman; I am a gentleman's daughter; so far we are equal. (Ch. 56)

Hence, all in all, Austen's novel is much more than just a love story. It's a social satire that draws moral conclusions about Austen's society relevant to Austen's historical culture and even still relevant today.

Write the partial fraction decomposition of the improper rational expression.

 

Since the rational expression is an improper expression , we have to express the expression as a sum of simpler fractions with the degree of the polynomial in the numerator less than the degree of the polynomial in the denominator.

Dividing using the long division yields,

Polynomials do not completely divide , so we have to continue with the partial fractions of the remainder expression,

Let's factorize the denominator of the remainder fraction,

Let 

equating the coefficients of the like terms,

          ----- equation 1

   ------ equation 2

Now we have to solve the above equations to get the solutions of A and B,

Adding the equation 1 and 2 yields,

Plug the value of A in equation 1 ,

Is 2003 divisible by 3?

Hello!

No, 2003 isn't divisible by 3. Strictly speaking, there is no such integer that  although such rational number exists.

To prove this, express 2003 as 3*667 + 2, which means the remainder of division of 2003 by 3 is 2. If 2003 would divisible by 3, then

2 = 2003 - 3*667

would be also divisible by 3, which is false.

Also there is a simple divisibility rule: a decimal integer N is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of digits of N is divisible by 3.

The cause of this rule is that 10 gives the remainder 1 after division by 3. Therefore 100, 1000 and all other powers of 10 give the remainder 1 after division by 3.

In our case 2003 becomes 2+0+0+3=5, which isn't divisible by 3.

In The Great Gatsby, how was Jordan Baker cynical and self-centered?

Jordan Baker is very cynical and self-centered.  Nick initially describes her, like Daisy, as having "impersonal eyes," that don't seem to ever be very pleased with anything.  Later, he says that she has a "contemptuous expression" that had looked out at him from several newspapers as a result of her golf celebrity.  To be both impersonal and contemptuous implies that she looks down on everything and everyone around her, that she believes herself to be better than it and they, and so she keeps the world at somewhat of a distance because it isn't worth her getting to know it. 

After the confrontation between Tom and Gatsby, Nick says of Jordan that, unlike Daisy, she "was too wise to ever carry well-forgotten dreams from age to age."  One of the few likable things about Daisy is the way she behaves with Gatsby prior to this confrontation, as though she believed for a time that it was possible to go back to the way they were.  Jordan, however, is far too cynical to every think such a thing is possible, and so she lacks even this small bit of idealism and romanticism that makes Daisy seem more relatable (for a while). 

How can I find the number of neutrons in an atom?

Knowing some basic information about the sub-atomic particles that make up an atom will help you determine the number of neutrons in different situations:

1. Protons have a positive charge, and have a mass of approximately 1 amu and are found in the nucleus.

2. Neutrons are electrically neutral, and have a mass of approximately 1 amu and are found in the nucleus.

3. Electrons have a negative charge, and have a mass of approximately 0 amu and are found outside the nucleus.

4. The atomic number of an atom is determined by its number of protons.

5. A neutral atom has the same number of protons as electrons.

Here are some ways to determine the number of neutrons in an atom, depending on the data you already have:

• (mass number) - (number of protons) = (number of neutrons)


• if neutral, (mass number) - (number of electrons) = (number of neutrons)


• If you know the element name or symbol and its mass, such as carbon-14, find the atomic number on the periodic table and subtract it from the mass.

What attitudes toward justice and the justice system are expressed in Frankenstein, and by whom ?

Throughout Frankenstein, there are many examples and implications regarding justice and the justice system. Some of the most significant examples include the injustice that the creature experiences and the execution of Justine.

One of the most profound and significant examples of injustice involves the creature. At his very creation, he experienced injustice when Victor abandoned him. Furthermore, he continued to feel injustice as he was rejected by the cottagers and the rest of society, not because of his actions, but because of how he was perceived by humanity. As the creature himself states:

The guilty are allowed, by human laws, bloody as they are, to speak in their own defence before they are condemned. Listen to me, Frankenstein. You accuse me of murder; and yet you would, with a satisfied conscience, destroy your own creature. Oh, praise the eternal justice of man!

Thus, the creature experiences much injustice because he is perceived by society as “not human” or less than human. Furthermore, it appears unjust that the creature cannot destroy life without being condemned, but Victor has the ability to destroy the creature’s life without guilt or recompense.

Furthermore, other examples of injustice are shown throughout Frankenstein, such as with Justine’s execution. Although the creature killed William, Justine was tried for the murder and convicted. Despite her innocence, the justice system failed and punished the wrong person for the murder. Justine herself expressed how this false blame was unjust and Victor echoed the sentiment as well.

Therefore, throughout the novel, there are numerous examples of how society is unjust and how the justice system fails. These two examples represent some of the most pivotal moments in the book. Due to this overwhelming theme, it is interesting to consider what point the author was making by including so many examples of injustice in the world.

Why do people find Pride and Prejudice so amusing?

Jane Austen often uses social situations to highlight human behavior, and her comedy is satiric and witty. In a society where social standing influenced nearly every aspect of life, Austen often pokes fun at social expectation, revealing that all is not as presumed or seen.

For example, Mr. Collins is a clergyman, a respectable position, and he is the entailed heir of Longbourne. Because of his position and inheritance (since Mr. Bennett doesn't have a son), Mrs. Bennett desperately wants him to marry Jane or Elizabeth. Other women, like Charlotte Lucas, also see stability and security in what Collins can offer.

However, Collins has a rather ridiculous sense of propriety and is overly proud of his social connections, particularly Lady Catherine de Bourgh. Austen often uses dance to reveal the personalities of her characters, as well as their true dynamics, and in one of the novel's most comedic moments, exposes Collins's bumbling dancing. His performance reveals him to be an exaggerated, comical figure rather than a serious, respected clergyman, and Elizabeth, as we see, can never take him seriously.

As you read Pride and Prejudice, pay attention to similar situations where Austen wittily skewers society's standards and exposes the falseness (or silliness) of superficial, social judgments.

Who unofficially teaches Elie the Kabbalah?

At the beginning of the book, it is Moshe the Beadle, a kind of elevated homeless man of Sighet, who teaches Elie the Kabbalah.  Many in Judaism felt that the Kabbalah, the Jewish mystic text, was too heavy to be studied by a teenager, but Moshe saw Elie's earnestness and commitment to wanting to study the text and began to work with him.  It was this study that cemented Elie's early dedication to Judaism.

Unfortunately, the tutelage would be short-lived.  Shortly thereafter, Moshe the Beadle, a foreign born Jew, would be deported out of Sighet via the cattle cars that would later transport Elie.  Although Moshe managed to escape and warn the people of Sighet of the impending doom, people did not believe him.  Haunted by what he had seen, and unable to communicate the warning to the people of Sighet, Moshe the Beadle was never the same.

Why did the dog react the way he did?

The date is August 4, 2026. The house is technologically advanced to the point that almost everything is automated. The house continues to function according to all of its programming even though the entire family has died. Given the evidence of their silhouettes outside the house and the "radioactive glow," there has been an atomic explosion. So, the family and everyone in the city has been killed. If this had been part of a larger bombing and/or atomic war, more people are probably gone as well. Somehow, the dog has survived the blast. 

The dog comes into the house looking for its human family and hears only silence. The dog might have suffered radiation poisoning from the nuclear blast and this could have lead to his death or at least contributed to the sores or even affected its appetite. But given the physical description and the fact that the dog was kept outside the kitchen door, it is more likely that starvation was the cause of death: 

The dog, once large and fleshy, but now gone to bone and covered with sores, moved in and through the house, tracking mud. 

It sniffed the air and scratched the kitchen door. Behind the door, the stove was making pancakes which filled the house with a rich odor and the scent of maple syrup. The dog frothed at the mouth, lying at the door, sniffing, its eyes turned to fire. It ran wildly in circles, biting at its tail, spun in a frenzy, and died. 

The once large dog is now skin and bones. Having been deprived of food for an inordinate amount of time, the dog is close to death. With its little remaining strength, the dog froths/salivates at the smell of food from the kitchen, desperately runs around out of frustration, and finally dies of malnutrition. 

What reasons are given for Hester staying in Boston in The Scarlett Letter?

The narrator tells us in the final chapter that "Here had been her sin; here, her sorrow; and here was yet to be her penitence."  In other words, Hester had chosen to return to Boston because this is the place where the most defining events of her life had taken place, and she feels the need to allow the remainder of her life to play out here. Yes, it had been the place of her sin, but it had also been the place of her love and her loss.  Here, in Boston, she can best remember that love and be close to it, even though Dimmesdale is dead and gone. The fact that, after Hester dies, she is buried next to Dimmesdale in the King's Chapel cemetery shows the connection she felt to him even after his death.

Further, the narrator says that "there was a more real life for Hester" in Boston than there could be anywhere else in the world.  Here, she has an identity, and people come to her -- especially women -- for advice and comfort because they know that she has been through so much difficulty and hardship. It seems not to feel honest to Hester for her to live her life somewhere else.  Her time in Boston has become such a part of her identity that she seems not to know how to live without that identity, and it allows her to actually do some good in the world.

What happens in "The Ransom of Red Chief" after the kidnappers receive the reply to their ransom demand?

It doesn't take Bill and Sam any time at all to decide to accept Ebenezer Dorset's counteroffer. The two would-be kidnappers have already had enough of Red Chief. Getting rid of him for only $250 seems like a bargain. Bill is especially eager because he has had the boy on his hands most of the time and has suffered the worst.

“Sam,” says he, “what’s two hundred and fifty dollars, after all? We’ve got the money. One more night of this kid will send me to a bed in Bedlam. Besides being a thorough gentleman, I think Mr. Dorset is a spendthrift for making us such a liberal offer. You ain’t going to let the chance go, are you?”

The story is wrapped up very quickly. They trick Red Chief into returning home by telling him his father has bought him a rifle and a pair of moccasins and that they were all going bear-hunting the next day. When the boy realizes he has been tricked, he howls and struggles. After collecting the $250 reverse ransom, Red Chief's father tells Bill and Sam that he can only be sure of holding the struggling boy for ten minutes. The two men take off at a run and leave the town of Summit far behind them.

Red Chief is a exaggerated version of all the worst traits of small boys. The moral of the story could be stated as "Crime does not pay," but it might also be stated as "The cobbler should stick to his last." These two crooks get into trouble because they get into a line of crime with which they are totally inexperienced. They can't control Red Chief because they have no moral authority, and he knows it. Once they become kidnappers they are morally bankrupt. In paying $250 to Red Chief's father, they are not only getting rid of a hellcat, but they are buy back a small amount of respectability.

What started the Revolutionary War?

The Revolutionary War began as a clash between Boston-area militia and British troops on the town green in Lexington, Massachusetts. The British commander in Boston, General Thomas Gage, was concerned about the possibility of an uprising in the area, and sent a large detachment of regulars to seize a store of gunpowder (and if possible to arrest several Patriot leaders on the way) in nearby Concord. News of Gage's plans spread quickly, and local militiamen, known as "minutemen" took up arms to resist. A group of militia formed on Lexington green, and when they refused to disperse, shots were fired that left several militia dead and British soldiers wounded. From there, the British proceeded to Concord, where they were stopped by a swarm of militia. They made their way back to Boston under fire from thousands of minutemen, suffering dozens of casualties. With the British in Boston, the militia surrounded the city, occupying high ground. This was the beginning of the Revolutionary War. 

In Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare, what concessions does Viola manage to get from Olivia before delivering Orsino's message?

What a delicious scene! Viola, being dressed and presented as the servingman of Duke Orsino's, is asked to carry his message of love to Olivia, who is as dead-set against entertaining the Duke's professions of love as the Duke is somehow having Olivia as his own. Thus, Olivia's first barrier to speak with Olivia is to get an audience with her. She speaks with Malvolio at the gates and he refuses to let her in. He tells Viola that Olivia is sick, and Viola says she is aware of that, and that is why she wants to speak with her. Then Malvolio tells Viola that Olivia is asleep, but Viola knows better. Olivia says that Malvolio should tell "the young man" that he shall not speak with her, and Malvolio says he's already told "him" that, but "the young man" says he'll stand there until he is part of the furniture, if need be, but "he" will speak with Olivia. 

Second, when Viola gains entrance, Olivia has thrown on a veil and won't tell Viola if she is speaking to the lady of the house or not. Viola begins her speech, then stops and asks to be told if she's truly speaking to Olivia, since she's taken great pains to memorize the Duke's speech of love. Olivia admits she is. 

Next, Olivia tells her to skip over most of the speech and get to the point, but Viola protests that she has studied it and it is "poetical." She finally gets permission to deliver the whole thing, but doesn't get around to it. When the maid offers to oust Viola, she tells Olivia that her speech is for Olivia's ear alone and would be "profane" to another, so she succeeds in having the maid dismissed. 

She begins again, she asks to see Olivia's face. Olivia objects, but draws her veil aside anyway. When she does, Viola says she is beautiful indeed, if "God made all," suggesting that Olivia might use artificial means to enhance her beauty. To this jab, Olivia responds sarcastically, then asks whether "he" was sent to her to praise her. It seems, then, that she is now asking to hear Orsino's speech, but Viola won't tell it. Instead, she accuses Olivia of being too proud. 

In the course of this conversation--because Orsino's "man" will not take no for an answer and because "he" treats Olivia like a regular person, Olivia falls in love with "him." 

What are the main characteristics of a Restoration tragedy?

The tragedy of the Restoration period followed the return of Charles II and the Stuart dynasty after the Interregnum. The period was marked by certain distinct attributes.

It marked a clear new tradition, cut off from the previous national style by the long hiaitus that occurred during the time of Commonwealth rule, during which time the theaters of England were closed on moral grounds. Upon opening again, the new theater seemed in many ways to claim their own wicked reputation with glee. Picking up from the current Continental and French norms, women were for the first time regularly permitted on stage, and there was a resulting expansion of roles written for them. The style and manner of the writing was similarly influenced by French and Continental styles, focusing on wit, passion, and a rather cold-blooded, amoral view of society and human culture. While the good might be very good indeed, and the wicked melodramatically wicked, on the whole the characters were worldly and aware.

Tragedy of the period broke down into two main schools, one early, one arising later. The first, Heroic Drama, focused on charismatic male leaders drawn to their doom through their own driven characters. The manner was overblown, poetic, and romantic. Following this came a period of what were known as she-tragedies--similarly overwrought, but focusing on virtuous women in melodramatic traps set by a corrupt world. The style was heavy on the pathos.

The emotionality, the wordly cynicism, and the role of the virtous as targets for the corrupt are all elements of a distinctly Baroque style of writing as high-blown as the paintings of the era, filled with energy and detail and sentiment.

How did the location of the Byzantine Empire affect its development?

The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire, its capital being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey). It is what remained after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and because it lies on the eastern side of the Ancient Roman Empire the official language was Greek, and the empire adopted Orthodox Christianity, distinguishing it from the Latin west.

The capital of Constantinople gave the Byzantine Empire significant strategic advantage, as it was right on the trade routes between Europe and Asia as well as the Mediterranean and Black Seas. 

The division of the empire into east and west often also split the administration of the empire, as was the case under Theodosius I when he left the east to one son and the west to another. This allowed for the east to continue to thrive and defend the empire despite the continuing downfall of the west. Due to its proximity to expanding Germanic nations and overall weakness, the western empire eventually disintegrated altogether in the late 5th century.

The eastern side, due to its proximity to the Huns and later the Sassanids and Persia in the east, often had to pay tribute to these tribes but remained strong. Byzantine borders expanded to their largest after reclaiming some of the western Roman territory during the rule of Justinian I. 

The Germanic invaders to the west and the Persians and Arab Caliphate to the east persisted, however, and after Justinian I died the Byzantine Empire began to lose territory on both fronts. Eventually, in 626, Constantinople fell to a combination of Sassanid Persia, Avar, and the Slavic forces, its strategic location eventually leading to its downfall.

The Arabs continued to raid and wage war against Byzantium, and eventually wars against the Bulgarian Empire, now their neighbors to the west, began as well. By the 11th century they had effectively conquered Bulgaria and annexed parts of Armenia and Southern Italy, and reconquered the important city Antioch. After these geographical gains Constantinople flourished, becoming the wealthiest city in Europe. 

But the gains meant that Byzantium encompassed Catholic and Orthodox Christian territories, causing a split and crisis within the empire. The gain of southern Italy put them next to the advancing Normans, who took advantage of this schism. Meanwhile, the Seljuq Turks from the east began to explore, and advanced through Armenia, nearing Constantinople. 

The empire continued to struggle with the east-west schism, unable to defend its whole without uniting. The west had now achieved some stability, but the east was losing the the Turks, and they asked the Pope of the west for help. He agreed, and thus began the crusades of the 12th century.

Tensions got stronger and the crusaders began to advance over the eastern Byzantine empire, eventually attacking Constantinople in 1204. This split the empire further. Civil war eventually broke out in the early 14th century, allowing Serbia to take much of the empire. After that, an earthquake devastated the fort in Gallipoli, allowing the Ottomans to begin overtaking Europe. The Ottomans defeated the Serbians while Byzantium was busy in civil war. The Byzantine emperors appealed to the Pope in the west again, but this time they didn't receive help. Constantinople finally fell to the Ottomans on May 29, 1453. Their strategic location between east and west caused a perpetual split that eventually brought their downfall.

Act 5, Scene 1 Evaluate the atmosphere at the end of the play, taking into account the following : - the...

Shakespeare provides “The Merchant of Venice” with what seems like a fairytale ending but upon closer inspection things are not quite as happy as they appear. Act 5 opens in Belmont with the scene between Lorenzo and Jessica as they comment on the night and try to one-up each other with their verses. It seems happy and light, but then Lorenzo gets a bit short with Jessica, calling her a shrew, and Jessica herself begins to recall the Greek story of Medea and her father Aeson, a story that seems to indicate that her thoughts are drifting back to her own father. Their marriage already seems to be fraying, if only a little.

In the same way, Gratiano and Nerissa and Bassanio and Portia get their hearts’ desire and marry the love of their lives but there's still a little bit of squabbling and mistrust in their relationships. The matter of the rings and who owns them gets a little bit heated. Not to mention we're left with Antonio who is in the very strange position of being the odd man out among the happy couples. What does he do now, exactly? Return to Venice and carry on? Stay with Bassanio and Portia in Belmont? That could certainly get awkward. He’s lucky enough to have escaped the trial with his life but what that life is actually going to consist of is not clear at all.

At last there's Shylock. We don't see him again in the play after the trial scene, but his fate hangs over Act 5. He’s lost his material wealth, he is broken and defeated and his religious identity has been stripped from him in a forced conversion. It seems unlikely that he and Jessica will ever see each other again. Shakespeare has left a lot of unfinished business in the lives of these characters. Before there is any real resolution, the play ends.

What motivates Montresor to his crime against Fortunato?

Montresor begins the story by saying, "The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could; but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge."  Montresor employs a figure of speech called hyperbole, also referred to as overstatement, to emphasize just how incredibly offended and insulted he felt by Fortunato.  It is unlikely that Fortunato had actually injured him a "thousand" times, but Montresor felt as though he had.  This, in part, motivates his need for revenge.

Further, Montresor says that his family motto is "Nemo me impune lacessit," which translates to "You will not harm me with impunity."  This means that no one can harm a Montresor without being punished or repaid for it.  Thus, if Montresor believes that he has been harmed by Fortunato, his family pride will not permit him to allow it to go unavenged.  He clearly possesses such a sense of family pride, as he states that "The Montresors were a great and numerous family."

Therefore, what motivates him to him to seek revenge on Fortunato is a mixture of wounded personal pride and family honor. 

What is the resolution to Krebs's conflict?

The resolution is when Hemingway's anti-hero, Harold Krebs, who resolves his conflict by abandoning himself to his disillusionment, leaves home because he wants his life "to go smoothly."

After having suffered through the horrors of World War I, Krebs simply wants to relax at home, but he soon discovers that he cannot relate to the people who want to hear lies about the war. Previously, Krebs has been able to follow a code of honor which has given him a sense of "valuable quality," but now because of the lies he has told, he has a certain "distaste for everything that had happened to him in the war."

The new complexities of his life are overwhelming for Krebs, so much so that he feels completely inauthentic whereas during the war he was, at least, able to do "the only thing for a man to do." So, after he feels forced to lie to his mother, Krebs feels that there is nothing for him to do but leave home because he wants his life "to run smoothly" so he can keep his life "from being complicated."

What are some quotes that depict the internal and external conflicts that Atticus Finch faces throughout the novel?

Atticus vs. Himself

In Chapter 9, Atticus is having a discussion about the upcoming Tom Robinson trial with his brother, Jack. Atticus understands that he has a difficult, if not nearly impossible, task ahead of him. His main conflict is with his decision to take on a case of this magnitude in the prejudiced town of Maycomb. Atticus is concerned that his decision to defend Tom Robinson will negatively affect his children. He says,

"You know what's going to happen as well as I do, Jack, and I hope and pray I can get Jem and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycomb's usual disease." (Lee 117)

Atticus vs. Society

In Chapter 15, Walter Cunningham and the Old Sarum bunch surround Atticus at the Maycomb jailhouse outside of Tom Robinson's cell. Walter tells Atticus to move out of his way because they intend to harm Tom. This scene depicts Atticus' conflict with Maycomb's racist community members. Atticus displays courage and integrity by saying,

"You can turn around and go home again, Walter." (Lee 202)

Atticus vs. Family

In Chapter 14, Aunt Alexandra approaches Atticus concerning Calpurnia's role in the family. Alexandra begins to argue with Atticus after Calpurnia took the children to her church when he was in Birmingham. Alexandra suggests that Atticus should fire Calpurnia. Atticus defends his decision to keep Calpurnia around. Atticus says,

"Alexandra, Calpurnia's not leaving this house until she wants to. You may think otherwise, but I couldn't have got along without her all these years. She's a faithful member of this family and you'll simply have to accept things the way they are. Besides, sister, I don't want you working your head off for us---you've no reason to do that. We still need Cal as much as we ever did." (Lee 183)

Why does Pip go to stay with his Uncle Pumblechook in Great Expectations?

Pip goes to stay with Uncle Pumblechook before his first visit to Miss Havisham’s house.

Pip has no idea what to expect from Miss Havisham, but he does not like his Uncle Pumblechook.  Pumblechook is an arrogant blowhard, and does not treat Pip very well.  He agrees with Pip’s sister that Pip is certainly not to be coddled.

Besides being possessed by my sister's idea that a mortifying and penitential character ought to be imparted to my diet,—besides giving me as much crumb as possible in combination with as little butter, and putting such a quantity of warm water into my milk that it would have been more candid to have left the milk out altogether,—his conversation consisted of nothing but arithmetic. (Ch. 8)

Pumblechook constantly asks Pip to calculate math problems because he thinks that it is good for him.  He also takes credit for Pip’s excursion to Miss Havisham’s house.  She is a rich lady, and he and Pip’s sister think that visiting her house will somehow enrich him.

For such reasons, I was very glad when ten o'clock came and we started for Miss Havisham's; though I was not at all at my ease regarding the manner in which I should acquit myself under that lady's roof.  (Ch. 8)

As if Pip is not already having a bad enough time, Miss Havisham’s house is decidedly creepy and the inhabitants strange.  Pumblechook is not allowed to enter, Pip later determines that he never actually knew her.  He just pretended that he did.

Pumblechook tries to use Miss Havisham’s wealth to add to his reputation.  Actually, the visits to Miss Havisham’s house do seem to enrich Pip.  She pays to apprentice him to Joe, and then later comes into a grand inheritance.  He thinks it is from her, but it turns out it actually isn’t.

Determine the center and the radius of the circle x^2+y^2+10y=0.

The general equation for the family of circles is

with as center and radius

Let us compare our equation with the general equation

there is only one x term, so a becomes 0, i.e.,

but there are two terms of y. To find b value we need to find the roots of the quadratic polynomial of .

One of the ways to find roots of this polynomial is completing square method.

(equating this to identity)

Now combine and terms and write the equation for the circle

the center of the circle is (0,-5)

and the radius is 5 

In The Great Gatsby, how does Myrtle react when she is in New York?

Myrtle acts very differently when she in New York. She enjoys spending Tom's money, as we see when she asks for a puppy and when she stops to buy a magazine, some "cold cream" and perfume. Moreover, she boasts about the high cost of hiring a woman to come to the apartment to look at her feet.

Myrtle also likes to portray herself in a more glamorous light. One her arrival in New York, for instance, she changes into a "cream-colored chiffon" dress and is described by Nick as sweeping around the room when she moves.

Finally, Myrtle develops an inflates sense of self-importance: she moves as though she has a "dozen chefs" waiting her in the kitchen and claims that she has to keep on at "people" all the time, like the ice boy.

What does Jem do to win the bet?

In Chapter 1, the children begin to fantasize about the mysterious character known as "Boo" Radley, who never leaves his house. One day, Dill bet Jem "The Gray Ghost against two Tom Swifts" that Jem wouldn't knock on the Radley's door. (Lee 16) Jem is hesitant and fearful that Boo will come out of his house and attack them. Dill calls Jem scared, but Jem maintains that he isn't scared, "just respectful." On the third day, Jem stood at the Radley gate contemplating his next move. Dill made a concession to the bet and said that Jem had to touch the house instead of knocking on the door. Jem wins the bet by swinging open the fence and running into the Radley yard to touch the house. Jem slaps the side of the house and runs back onto his porch. Scout says that she thought they saw a shutter move when they looked at the window of the Radley house.

Explain why mud guards are used on the wheels of cycles, motor cars and other driving vehicles. Give reasons why in terms of physics.

Mud guards are used to stop mud, water and gravel that becomes unstuck to the surface of the tire, flies off and travels in a straight line. The mud guard stops the flying mud from making a mess and flying rocks from causing damage to the vehicle or other vehicles. If you ride a bicycle without mud guards or fenders through a puddle you'll end up with mud on your back as it flies off the top of the rotating back wheel.

Centripetal force is the force that makes a body follow a curved path. It's directed toward the center of the circle. When the centripetal force acting on a body is eliminated, as when the mud becomes detached from the tire, the body will cease to move in a circular path and will instead move in a straight line. Imagine that you are twirling a string with a weight attached in a circular path. If the string breaks, the weight will move in a straight line from the point where it was released, tangential to the circle its path was forming. In doing so it's following Newton's first law, an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by a force. Mudguards provide a force to stop the debris from continuing in a straight line.