In one word, it can be said that Piggy's glasses represent clarity. Piggy has a clear view of what was expected of a civilized society. Piggy is the only character that never tangles with savagery. He is the only character that does not experience the symbolic hair growth that the other boys exhibit. He does not take off his school clothing in a symbolic shedding of his old life, as the other boys do.
Piggy would often take off his glasses and clean them; symbolically regaining his sense of clarity. In Chapter Two, when Piggy is trying to ascertain the names of the boys that are beginning to assemble on the platform, the representation of clarity by his glasses is again shown.
"Piggy bent his flashing glasses to them and could be heard between the blasts, repeating their names."
It is Piggy's actions that are bringing order to the boys. While Ralph is uncertain and unfocused, Piggy is clear on the goal; establish and maintain order.
This is further proven when Jack smacks Piggy and his glasses break. Jack rejects Piggy's clarity and enjoys the descent into savagery that he is experiencing. Breaking Piggy's glasses allows his behavior to go on without the glare of civilized judgment.
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