Please explain the main ideas in the "Reform" chapter of Joyce Appleby's book- Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans.

Below is an explanation of the main ideas in the Reform chapter:

1)After the American Revolution, secular and religious forces formed an alliance that shaped the 'cultural innovations of the first generation' of newly independent Americans. Those who supported and fought for the right to be free from English rule further reinforced the need for self-improvement and social progress. The result of their concerted efforts saw a proliferation of volunteer organizations such as literary societies, Masonic chapters, professional associations, debating and study clubs, and charitable organizations within the American public sphere.

2)Parallel to the secular changes in society, the Great Awakening signaled the new growth of independence within the realm of religion. Challenges to the old hierarchy turned the state-supported Anglican church into the American Protestant Episcopal Church. Likewise, the Methodists and Unitarians paved new ground in efforts to bolster the emerging spiritual independence of worshipers. Preachers commenced teaching a new gospel of self-reliance and dependence upon God instead of upon religious authorities and entrenched 'Calvinist doctrines of predestination and damnation.' The new revivalists sought not only to revolutionize religious faith in America, they also sought to proselytize the larger public. In other words, reformers sought to impress the need for evangelical zeal in missionary work into the consciousness of the average American.

3)In due time, the emphasis on a personal faith experience led to further splinters within mainstream Christianity. New denominations quickly formed to supply the demands of spiritually inquisitive adherents. Among these were the Quakers, Seventh Day Baptists, Disciples of Christ, Free Will Baptists, Universalists, and Mormons. The Second Great Awakening also ushered in new African-American worshipers into congregations. The challenge of assimilating these new worshipers into churches also highlighted the larger debate of slavery within white communities. Subsequently, the inability to reconcile entrenched prejudices with new doctrines of equality forced many denominations to accept segregated congregations.

Because of slave revolts, some reformers welcomed the idea of colonizing free blacks in far-flung countries such as Haiti and Africa. They reasoned that relocation was necessary to reconcile the entrenched views of both Southern and Northern white communities with abolitionist views. While Southern whites feared that free blacks would threaten their sovereign right to own slaves, Northern whites viewed free blacks as competition for jobs.

4)In order to produce a populace that valued the self-discipline necessary to support a system of 'limited government and economic enterprise,' revivalists concentrated efforts on bolstering Sabbath observance, temperance activities, missionary work, and religious education. Efforts to support sobriety became a main priority in the 19th century, as even American ministers and school-masters were not immune to excesses in this area. Alcoholism was a pervasive, cultural problem which posed a threat to societal integrity. The efforts of reformers proved crucial and subsequently laid the foundations for a national temperance movement which led to Prohibition.

5)The Sabbath observance issue favored by reformers raised concerns about abuses within the sphere of religious authority. Questions also arose about the need to maintain the separation of church and state.

6)Reformers also sought to combat the pervasive problem of 'ritualized violence such as duels and staged fights...' in America.