Fertilization is the step where the egg meets a sperm and this interaction is the first step in conception of an offspring. During this step the sperm penetrates the egg and zona pellucida (membrane surrounding the egg) ensures that egg is not penetrated by another sperm.
After fertilization (in the end of the Fallopian tube), the egg goes to uterus. During the descent in the Fallopian tube, the egg divides into multiple cells. This cell division (mitosis) converts a zygote (single-cell embryo) into blastocyst. At this stage, the fertilized egg (now a blastocyst) attaches to the lining of uterus.
This process of attaching is called implantation, following which uterus lining starts growing thicker. It is at the uterus that embryo develops into a baby, over a period of time, and it stays there till the baby is born.
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