A knowledge of the atomic characteristics can give us an idea of the prospective location of element in the periodic table of elements. This is because elements in periodic table have certain trends in their characteristics. For example, metals are generally placed in the left and center of the periodic table. If the unknown element readily gives up electron/s, has a small number of valence electrons, has a positive valency, has high boiling and melting points; then, it is likely to be a metal and will be placed either on the left side on in the center of the periodic table. If the atom has a fully filled electronics configuration, then it is a noble gas and will be placed in the last column of the table.
Similarly, we can use the characteristics of the unknown atom and figure out its potential location in periodic table.
Hope this helps.
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