Thursday, January 31, 2008

What Role did the Huns and the Visigoths play in the fall of Rome?

Throughout the decline and "fall" of Rome, the city was sacked numerous times by the Huns and Visigoths. 


The Hun homelands are not clearly known but were somewhere in the steppes of South Eurasia. They began a slow push westward and in 376 their attacks on the Pontic Steppes forced thousands of Goths and other ethnic groups into the Roman Empire. In 380, the Roman Empire granted some groups of Huns allegiance and validity as federati- mercenaries who were allowed to live on Roman land in exchange for their fighting power. The relationship between the Huns and the Roman Empire was complicated, as they had caused mass migrations into Rome, attacked the Empire itself, and at the same time were hired by the Empire to fend off other groups.


The Visigoths were a large group of a number of northern European Germanic ethnic groups, who attacked the Roman Empire and the city of Rome in the third and fourth centuries. In 410, the Visigoths under Alaric attacked Rome by surrounding the city and capturing the port. Rome was utterly devastated, and we now refer to this as the Sack of Rome by the Visigoths. 


If any two groups were instrumental in the decline of Rome, we could say it is the Huns and the Visigoths.

Wednesday, January 30, 2008

How does Stoker's Dracula use the setting and location of the castle as a convention of the supernatural and how does this add to the horror of...

Dracula's castle is far from England, in the Carpathian mountains, one of the "wildest and least known portions of Europe," according to Jonathan. He also can't find the castle's exact location on a map. Thus, from the beginning, we meet up with conventions of the supernatural and horror genres in the isolated, mountainous, mysterious locale of Castle Dracula. 


Further, when Jonathan tells local people where he is going, they cross themselves and look fearful. As he comes closer to castle, a night journey, he feels "a strange chill" and a strong sense of foreboding. Then the wind begins to blow and "moan" and wolves begin to howl in the night. Finally, Jonathan and his driver arrive at the top of a mountain, "in the courtyard of a vast ruined castle, from whose tall black windows came no ray of light." Its walls are high and as Jonathan enters, he hears "the rattling of chains and the clanking of massive bolts drawn back." 


This follows all the conventions of horror from Radcliffe's Mysteries of Udolpho through Poe's The Fall of the House of Usher. Jonathan has much to raise his sense of horror as he encounters an isolated medieval castle that seems more prison than place of hospitality on a lonely mountain peak. To top it all off, his host, Count Dracula, has ice-cold hands,  only comes out at night, never eats and can't be seen in a mirror. This setting gives Jonathan every reason to worry deeply and gradually grow more frightened.

Wednesday, January 23, 2008

What is the nature of the conflict in this story? Who, or what, do you see as Mrs. Mallard's antagonist?

The main conflict in "The Story of an Hour" is character vs. society.  Mrs. Mallard's adversary is not her husband, as some might argue, but society, due to society's expectations for right female behavior as well as marriage.


First, Brently Mallard was a good husband.  Mrs. Mallard "knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her [...]."  She doesn't take issue with him, in particular, but rather the institution of marriage, in general, and what it meant for the woman.


She feels a "monstrous joy" because, from now on,



There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself.  There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature. 



The joy is somewhat monstrous because it comes at the expense of her husband's life; however, though monstrous, she does happy because she recognizes, as she says, that she can now be "'free, free, free!'"  In marriage, a woman of this period loses her identity as an individual; she becomes someone's wife, and her husband is legally entitled to make any and all decisions of importance.  Her duty is to acquiesce to his wishes.  She would likely not have married had this been a viable social option, but it was not during this era.  This wasn't the arrangement just for her marriage, but for all marriages.  Even though her husband was kind, she was still required to allow him to "live for her."  As someone's wife, she could not live for herself.  As a widow, she will now have that right.  Without the social expectations surrounding marriage and the prescriptions for her behavior within that institution, Mrs. Mallard would have had no adversary.

What are some of the effects of terrorism in Africa?

As evidenced by the social, political, and economic effects of the 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, terrorism has a serious negative impact on even the most developed country.  The impact on underdeveloped countries, many of which are found in Africa, are exponentially worst.  Terrorism discourages international investment as nations will look for safer venues to conduct trade. Acts of terrorism also cause damage to infrastructure, buildings, and place a strain on emergency and security forces.  This is money that could be spent on economic development, education systems, or other programs that could enhance the future of these African nations.  Terrorism also destroys certain economic industries like tourism and air travel.  It is not uncommon for terrorism to lead to civil disorder or even civil war.  In general, acts of terror stymies economic growth and development and forces countries to use it expenditures in a way that is not productive.  

Tuesday, January 22, 2008

How to conclude a literary analysis?

When writing a literary analysis, focus on different unique elements of the text you are analyzing and theorize why the author would have used those elements. Hughes wrote "Thank You M'am" as an allegory representing urban, Black Americans and the values important to this culture. The colloquial dialect adds to the realistic, tone of his story and also connects it to traditional African folk tales. "Thank You M'am" is an allegory conveying the African American belief that self-respect is a valuable personal trait worthy of preserving despite whatever difficulties one faces in life. This lesson is one that Mrs. Luella Bates Washington shares by example with the boy who attempted to steal from her. By taking him home, feeding him, talking to him about life choices and ultimately providing him with the money he wanted for some shoes, she upholds her self-respect and shows him an example of integrity and caring.

Tuesday, January 15, 2008

What is e=mc^2?

This is the very famous mass energy equivalence equation proposed by the noted physicist Albert Einstein. This equation relates mass and energy of a given system. According to this equation, the mass (m) and energy (E) of a body are related to each other as:



Here, c is the velocity of light in vacuum. This relation states that mass and energy of a body are interchangeable. Before Einstein came up with this equation, mass and energy were thought to be unrelated. With this equation, we can figure out the amount of energy inherent in a given mass, assuming a 100% conversion efficiency. For example, using this equation, we can calculate the amount of energy we can obtain from the nucleus of an atom (As compared to that from valence electrons). That is why, nuclear energy is more efficient (in terms of energy per unit mass of fuel) than fossil fuel based energy.  


Hope this helps. 

How does author Elie Wiesel use symbolism to contribute to the meaning of Night?

In his book Night , Elie Wiesel uses symbolism throughout to enhance the text. First of all, the title itself is symbolic. The word "ni...