A lipid is a fat. Fats are more energy-dense that proteins. Fats have 9 kilocalories (Calories) per gram, while proteins have 4 kilocalories per gram. Carbohydrates, which include starches and sugars, also have 4 kilocalories per gram.
Fats are used for long-term storage of energy in the body, and also to insulate and protect organs. Fats take longer to break down than carbohydrates, which are the body's main source of energy. Carbohydrates are broken down to provide glucose.
Proteins are used mainly to build and repair tissue. Amino acids, which make up proteins, are only broken down for energy when the body doesn't have enough glucose or fat available.
The energy in foods can be stated in kilocalories or Calories. When spelled with a capital C, Calorie refers to a kilocalorie which is equal to 1000 calories.
In the U.S. food labels use Calories and in Canada and Europe they use kilocalories. The quantity of energy is the same.
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