Inertial frames of reference deal with Newtonian laws and mechanics seen in physics. More specifically, inertial frames of reference are frames of reference in which Newton's laws hold true.
A good example of an inertial frame of reference in most cases is the earth, although this does not hold true when looked at relative to phenomenon not occurring on the earth but in the rotating galaxy or universe. Interestingly, non inertial frames of reference exist as well. In these cases, Newton's laws appear to be violated.
A general rule about inertial frames of reference exists. Any frame of reference that moves with a constant velocity in respect to the inertial frame of reference is also an inertial frame of reference.
This means that Newton's laws can hold true in one set of inertial frames of reference moving at a certain velocity relative to one another and in a second set of inertial frames of reference that are moving at a different (but same relative to one another) velocity. Hope this helps!
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